GIFT   OF 
Elisabeth  Whitney  Putnai 


// 


i 


TO   THE 


ANALYTICAL  READER: 


IN   WHICH 


THE  ORIGINAL  DESIGN  IS  EXTENDED, 


SO  AS   TO   EMBRACE 


AN  EXPLANATION  OF  PHRASES 


AND 


FIGURATIVE  LANGUAGE. 


BY  SAMTJE1, 


SHIRLEY    &    HYDE. 

Soston : 

HJLLIARD,    GRAY,    LITTLE    &    WILKINS. 

1828. 


^DISTRICT  OF  MAINE,  SS. 

BE  IT  REMEMBER  ED,  That   on   *he  first  day  of  January,  A.  0. 
1828,  in  the  United  States  of  America,  SHIRLEY  &  HYDE,  of  the 
said  District,  have  deposited  iiithis  office  the  title  of  a  book,  the  right  where- 
of they  claim  as  proprietors,  in  the  words  following,  to  wit  : 

11  Sequel  to  the  Analytical  Reader :  in  which  the  Original  Design  is  ex- 
tended, so  as  to  embrace  an  Explanation  of  Phrases  and  Figurative  Lao- 
guage.  By  SAMUEL  PUTNAM." 

In  conformity  to  the  act  of  Congress  of  the  United  States,  entitled,  "  An 
Act  for  the  encouragement  of  learning,  by  securing  the  copies  of  maps, 
charts,  and  books,  to  the  authors  and  proprietors  of  such  copies,  during 
the  times  therein  mentioned  :"  and  also  to  an  act,  entitled,  "  An  Act  sup- 
plementary to  an  Act  for  the  encouragement  of  learning,  by  securing  the 
copies  of  maps,  charts,  and  books,  to  the  authors  aud  proprietors  of  such 
copies,  during  the  times  therein  mentioned  ;  and  extending  the  benefits 
thereof  to  the  arts  of  designing,  engraving  and  etching  historical  and  other 
prints." 

inHiw   nmQ«FV    £     Clerk  of  the  District 
J01         MUSSEY,  £         Court  of  Maine. 

A  true  Copy  as  of  record  ; 

Attest,  JOHN  MUSSEY,  Clerk  D.  C.  Maine. 


SHIRLEY  &  HYDE,  PRINTERS. 


PREFACE. 


In  presenting  to  the  public  the  SEQUEL  to  the  "  Analytical  Reader,"  we 
Nvish  to  state  somewhat  at  large  the  objects,  which  we  have  attempted  to 
accomplish  in  the  following  pages,  both  as  a  preparation  for  using  the  book, 
-and  that  the  advantages,  if  any,  which  it  possesses  over  Reading  Lessons 
constructed  on  the  usual  plan,  may  be  fairly  apprehended.  Experience  has 
abundantly  confirmed  us  in  the  belief,  that  a  mere  compilation  of  Lessons, 
however  well  selected  or  judiciously  arranged,  does,  in  some  important 
vespects,  counteract  its  intended  effect— the  strengthening  and  enlargement 
of  the  youthful  mind. 

Miss  Edgeworth,  throughout  her  books,  maintains  this  fundamental  prin- 
ciple— "  that  ideas  should  always  be  clearly  connected  with  words,  that  the 
advancement  from  the  known  to  the  unknown  should  be  in  an  obvious  and  in- 
telligent connection,  and  that  the  most  exact  conformity  should  be  preserved 
between  the  knowledge,  which  the  mind  acquires,  and  the  vocabulary,  which 
expresses  that  knowledge."  Some  of  the  selections  of  Reading  Lessons,  which 
have  met  our  eyes,  were  written  with  a  design  altogether  above  the  reach  of 
the  young  scholar.  They  contain  facts  above  his  power  to  understand,  and 
allusions  of  which  he  never  formed  an  idea.  Didactic  essays  form  the  great 
mass  of  two  or  three  of  our  most  popular  reading  books.  They  may  con- 
vey much  profit  to  a  mature  mind  ;  but  to  promote  the  intellectual  growth  of 
young  persons,  or  to  make  them  good  readers,  these  selections  essentially 
fail.  In  other  instances,  a  composition  may  be  on  a  level  with  the  reader's 
comprehension,  but  being  unsupplied  with  any  thing  to  direct  him  in  further 
inquiries,  or  by  which  he  may  indulge  in  new  associations,  after  two  or  three 
perusals  he  loses  all  interest — the  piece  becomes  dry  and  unprofitable.  The 
Instructer  in  his  multiplied  labors,  i  f  he  has  the  ability,  has  not  always  the 
time  to  supply  new  sources  of  interest,  or  add  explanations  and  comments 
It  ought  not  to  be,  as  we  conceive,  the  great  design  of  a  reading  book  to 
furnish  a  manual  by  which  to  pronounce  words  accurately  ,  to  learn  the  dif- 
ference between  a  comma  and  a  colon,  or  to  measure  sentences  with  the 
proper  rise  and  fall  of  the  voice.  The  grand  object  should  be,  to  give  the 
scholar  a  permanent  interest  in  the  exercise—to  inspire  him  with  a  relish  for 
Wftderstafiding  what  he  reads. 

2473 


PREFACE. 

position,  which  we  thought  calculated  to  interest  the  minds  of  children  and 
youth,  and  which  at  the  same  time  conveyed  correct  moral  sentiments,  we 
have  adopted  it. 

Simplicity  of  style  and  directness  of  language,  when  united  in  the  narra- 
tive form,  present  the  strongest  attractions  to  immature  and  expanding 
minds.  At  the  same  time  we  have  carefully  excluded  every  thing  written 
in  a  style  of  loose  morality  or  bad  taste.  All  the  moral  effect  of  the  book, 
we  earnestly  hope,  will  be  on  the  side  of  virtue  and  religion.  As  the  pupil 
is  learning  to  pronounce  words  correctly,  and  is  treasuring  up  useful 
thoughts,  and  materials  for  reflection,  a  more  important  object  will  be  gain- 
ed, if  his  heart  becomes  deeply  interested  in  the  cause  of  humanity,  and  in 
the  principles  of  the  Christian  religion. 

We  had  nearly  completed  our  labors,  when  we  first  saw  a  copy  of  the 
"  Classical  Reader"  of  Messrs.  Greenwood  4*  Emerson.  We  immediately 
availed  ourselves  of  two  or  three  extracts  from  this  valuable  and  highly 
interesting  selection,  for  which  we  return  our  acknowledgments  to  the 
Compilers. 

Our  book,  whatever  be  its  excellencies  or  defects,  we  submit  to  the  can- 
dor of  an  intelligent  public.  In  our  humble  capacity  we  have  attempted 
something  for  the  great  cause  of  popular  education.  With  the  excellen- 
cies of  the  plan  we  are  fully  satisfied.  What  its  execution  is,  must  be  left 
to  the  decision  of  those  interested. 


CONTENTS. 

Lesson.  Page. 

Manner  of  using  the  Book 4    .    .  7 

Table  of  Vowel  Sounds  .     .    . 9 

Introduction — Fundamental  Principles  of  Good  Reading 11 

1.  Application  of  Mind N.  A.  Review  16 

2.  Importance  of  Mental  Improvement Watts.  22 

3.  Directions  for  the  Attainment  of  useful  Knowledge fb.  24 

4.  The  same,  concluded ' '  .  28 

5.  Of  Books  and  Reading Ib.  34 

6.  Studies        .„     .    .    Lord  Bacon.  40 

7.  Life  of  a  Looking  Glass .      Jane  Taylor.  42 

6.  The  same,  continued 48 

9.  The  same,  concluded 54 

10.  The  Stream  of  Time Anon.  58 

11.  Earthquake  at  Aleppo  in  Syria Worcester.  58 

12.  Various  Species  of  Lying Amelia  Opie.  60 

13.  Practical  Lies f    ....     Ib.  66 

14.  The  same,   concluded 70 

15.  Omnipresence  of  Deity     .......  Spirit  ff  Manners  of  the  A<?e.  74 

16    The  Voyage  of  Life ;  an  Allegory Dr.  Johnson.  78 

17.  The  same,  concluded 80 

13.  Montpelier The  Tok'n.  86 

19.  Pionic Mrs,  Barbavl/f    88 

20.  Lines  written  in  the  Church  Yard  of  Richmond KnowJes.    92 

21.  The  Pensioner Christian  Spectator.    96 

22.  The  same,  continued fOO 

23.  The  same,  continued    . 106 

24.  The  same,  concluded 114 

25.  Family  Worship  in  a  Cottage Miss  Hatfield.  120 

26.  Confidence  and  Modesty Mrs.  Barbauld.  124 

27.  Instability  of  earthly  Greatness Phillips.  126 

28.  The  Slides  from  the  White  Mountains Anon.  130 


CONTENTS. 

Lesson.  " 

29.  The  same,  concluded 138 

30.  A  whole  Family  Extinct .144 

31.  The  Cottage  of  the  Hills 4non.  152 

32.  Anger  inconsistent  with  a  Spirit  of  Prayer Taylor,  154 

33.  On  the  Waste  of  Life Franklin.  158 

34.  The  Moon  and  Stars ;  a  Fable Montgomery.  160 

35.  The  same,  continued 166 

36.  The  same,  concluded 1?2 

37.  Pain :  an  Allegory Ch.  Spectator.  176 

38.  A  Thought  on  Death •    Mrs.  Barbauld.  178 

39.  Comparative  Insignificance  of  the  Earth Chalmers.  178 

40.  Death  of  Queen  Mary  of  Scotland Robertson.  182 

41.  A  Fragment Brainard.  _192 

42.  Mahomet  and  Jesus,  as  Prophets,  compared Sherlock.  192 

43.  The  Effect  of  Abolishing  Christianity Thompson.  194 

44.  lufluence  of  Hope Campbell.  19« 

45.  The  bounty  of  God  in  the  Vegetable  kingdom Barrow.  200 

46.  Conclusion  of  a  Discourse  at  Plymouth Webster.  202 

47.  Effects  and  Influence  of  War _ Ckanning*  206 

48.  Charity ;  a  Paraphrase Prior    212 

49.  The  Slave  Trade ~  .    .    .      Worcester.  214 

50.  Influence  ol  Slavery Jefferson,  222 

51.  The  Complaint  of  a  dying  Year-,  an  Allegory Henderson.  224 

52.  The  Universal  Agency  and  Providence  of  Cod Chalmers.  230 

53.  HyderAli Burke.  234 

54.  Millennium ,      Cowpcr.  23t 

55.  Account  of  a  Volcano  in  Hawaii Ellis.  242 

56.  Eve's  Lamentation  on  leaving  Paradise »    .      Milton.  250 

57.  Niagara  Falls     .........     United  States  Literary  Gazette.  250 

58.  Niagara Brainard.  251 

59.  Importance  of  Decision  of  Character    ........      .     Foster.  260 

60.  Courage  essential  to  Decision  of  Character fb.  262 

61.  Influence  of  Homer's  Diad Wayland.  268 

62.  Eloquence  of  John  Adams Webster.  268 

63.  Mount  Chamouny  5  the  hour  before  sunrise Coleridge.  270 

64.  Practical  Effects  of  an  unrestrained  Imagination   .....      Braman.  274 

65.  Exercises  on  Inflection Porter    282 

66.  Americanisms Pickering.  236 

Appendix 292 


MANNER  OF  USING  THE  BOOK. 


1.  Let  the  scholar  PRONOUNCE  all  the  words  in 
the  lesson,  to  which  the  pronunciation  is  given,  so  slow- 
ly, distinctly,  and  forcibly,  that  the  sound  of  every  let- 
ter, which  is  not  silent,  may  be  heard  by  the  teacher. 

2. — READ  the  lesson ; — which  he  will  be  prepared 
to  do  with  the  greater  ease  and  propriety,  from  having 
previously  pronounced  the  most  difficult  words. 

3. — DEFINE  all  those  words,  whose  definitions  are 
given,  naming  those  definitions  only,  which  suit  the 
meaning  of  the  sentence.  In  defining,  let  the  scholar 
usually  read  the  sentence,  using  the  definitions  instead 
of  the  words  defined.  This  method  may  be  practised 
in  all  cases,  except  where  such  a  substitution  would  sen- 
sibly injure  the  harmony,  construction,  or  propriety  of 
the  sentence. 

4. — SPEViL  the  words  which  are  inserted  for  that 
purpose  on  the  right  hand  page,  including  those  which 
have  a  point  before  them. 

5.— Attend  to  ETYMOLOGY  in  the  following  man- 
ner : 

Pure  is  a  primitive  word  :  some  of  its  derivatives  are, 
Purely,  purity,  purify,  purification.  Pure  is  also  a  sim- 
ple word:  some  of  its  compounds  are,  Impure,  impurely, 
impurity. 

Artificial  is  a  derivative  word :  it  is  derived  from  art. 
Some  of  the  other  derivatives  are,  Artful,  artless,  artist, 
artifice,  artificer. 

Unhappy  is  a  compound  word :  it  is  compounded  of 
the  simple  word  happy  and  the  negative  particle  un. 


MANNER  OF  USING  THE  BOOK. 

Hence  it  appears,  that  when  one  word  comes,  or  is 
formed,  from  another,  the  word  thus  formed  is  called  a 
derivative  ;  and  a  word  which  is  not  derived  from  any 
other  in  the  English  language,  is  called  a  primitive.  De- 
rivatives, almost  without  exception,  are  formed  by  in- 
creasing the  length  of  the  primitive ;  and  usually,  by 
adding  one  or  more  syllables.  A  word,  which  is  form- 
ed by  the  union  of  two  or  more  words,  as  undervalue, 
nevertheless ;  or  by  prefixing  one  or  more  syllables,  as 
imperfect,  encircle,  superfine,  is  called  a  compound  word  ; 
and  all  words  not  thus  compounded,  are  called  simple 
words. 

6. — VARY  the  words  which  have  this  mark  [-]  be- 
fore them,  in  the  following  manner: 

THE  WORD  "  LIGHT." 

"  God  divided  the  light  from  the  darkness :"  here 
light  means  that  by  which  we  see. 

44  Light  ariseth  to  the  upright  in  darkness:"  here 
light  means  comfort,  as  darkness  does  adversity  or  sor- 
row. 

"  You  have  thrown  light  on  the  subject ;"  that  is,  you 
have  explained  the  subject,  made  it  easier  to  be  under- 
stood. 

"  to  bring  to  light  hidden  things  ;"  that  is,  to 

bring  into  view,  to  make  known. 

"  To  light  us  thro'  the  gloomy  vale ;"  that  is,  give  us 
light  on  our  way,  to  guide  us  by  a  light. 

44  Who  but  He  could  light  up  those  heavenly  fires  ?" 
that  is,  enkindle,  cause  to  shine. 

44  Would  light  on  some  sweet  promise  there  ;"  that  is, 
meet,  be  so  happy  as  to  find. 

44  The  room  is  light;"  that  is,  not  dark. 

" jit  is  painted  of  a  light  color;"  that  is,  a  color  in- 
clined to  whiteness. 

44  A  feather  is  light ;"  that  is,  not  heavy. 

*4  Our  taxes  are  light  in  comparison  of  those  of  other 
nations ;"  that  is,  not  burdensome,  easy  to  be  borne,  ea- 
sily paid. 

44  His  heart  is  light;"  that  is,  joyful,  free  from  care. 

44  His  mind  is  light ;"  that  is,  thoughtless,  void  of  re- 
flection. 


MANNER  OF  USING  THE  BOOK. 

In  this  exercise,  let  the  scholar  get  examples  wherev- 
er he  can  find  them,  and  be  encouraged  to  give  exam- 
ples of  his  own. 


TABLE  OF  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 

1.  a.  The  long  slender  English  a,  as  in  fate,  pa-per. 

2.  a.  The  long  Italian  0,  as  in  far,  fa-ther,  pa-pa. 

3.  a.  The  broad  German  «,  as  in  fall,  wall,  wa-ter. 

4.  a.  The  short  sound  of  the  Italian  a,  as  in  fat,  mat, 

mar-ry. 

1.     e.  The  long  e,  as  in  me,  here. 
'2.     e.  The  short  e,  as  in  met,  let. 

1.  i.  The  long  dipthongal  «,  as  in  pine,  ti-tle. 

2.  !.  The  short  simple  «,  as  in  pin,  tit-tie. 

1.  6.  The  long  open  0,  as  in  no,  note. 

2.  6.  The  long  close  0,  as  in  move,  prove. 

3.  6.  The  long  broad  0,  as  in  nor,  for,  like  the  broad  a. 

4.  6.  The  short  broad  0,  as  in  not,  hot. 

1.  u.  The  long  dipthongal  u,  as  in  tube,  cube. 

2.  u.  The  short  simple  u,  as  in  tub,  cup. 

3.  u.  The  middle  or  obtuse  u,  as  in  bull,  full. 

oi.  The  long  broad  0,  and  the  short  /,  as  in  oil. 

du.  The  long  broad  6,  and  the  middle  obtuse  u,  as 

in  thou,  pound. 

Tli.  The  acute  or  sharp  th,  as  in  Mick,  thin. 
TH.  The  grave  or  flat  TH,  as  in  THIS,  raat, 


INTRODUCTION. 


REMARKS 

On  the  Fundamental  Principles  of  Good  Reading. 

[The  following  Remarks,  which  are  extracted  chiefly  from  Blair's  Lec- 
tures on  Rhetoric,  are  designed  to  be  read  and  understood  by  the  pupil ; 
and  also  to  be  employed  by  the  teacher  in  correcting  the  unnatural  tones 
and  inflections  of  his  pupils.] 

To  read  with  propriety  is  a  pleasing  and  important 
attainment ;  productive  of  improvement  both  to  the  un- 
derstanding and  the  heart.  It  is  essential  to  a  complete 
reader,  that  he  minutely  perceive  the  ideas,  and  enter 
into  the  feelings,  of  the  author  whose  sentiments  he  pro- 
fesses to  repeat.  If  there  were  no  other  benefits  result- 
ing from  the  art  of  reading  well,  than  the" necessity  it 
lays  us  under  of  precisely  ascertaining  the  meaning  of 
what  we  read,  it  would  be  a  sufficient  compensation  for 
the  labor;  but  the  pleasure  derived  to  ourselves  and 
others  from  a  clear  communication  of  ideas  and  feel- 
ings, and  the  strong  and  durable  impressions  made 
thereby  on  the  minds  of  the  reader  and  audience,  are 
considerations  which  give  additional  importance  to  the 
subject. 

Though  a  system  of  rules  for  the  complete  manage- 
ment of  the  voice  cannot  be  given,  and  though  much 

Questions.— What  is  essential  to  a  complete  reader  ? 

What  are  some  of  the  benefits  resulting  from  the  art  of  reading  well  ? 


xii  INTRODUCTION. 

will  remain  for  the  living  instrueter  to  do,  yet  some  rules 
and  directions  will  be  found  useful  to  prevent  vicious 
modes  of  utterance,  to  give  the  young  reader  some  taste 
of  the  subject,  and  assist  him  in  acquiring  an  accurate 
mode  of  delivery. 

All  the  remarks  necessary  to  be  made  on  this  subject 
may  be  comprised  under  the  following  heads  :  PROPER 

LOUDNESS  QF  VOICE  ;  DISTINCTNESS  ;  SLOWNESS  ;  PROPRI- 
ETY OF  PRONUNCIATION  ;  INFLECTIONS  ;  EMPHASIS  ;  TONES; 

PAUSES  ;  and  MODE  OF  READING  VERSE. 

The  first  attention  of  every  person,  who  reads  to  oth- 
ers, doubtless  must  be,  to  make  himself  be  heard  by  all 
to  whom  he  reads.  Every  person  has  three  pitches  in 
his  voice ;  the  High,  the  Middle,  and  the  Low  one.  The 
high  is  that,  which  he  uses  in  calling  aloud  to  some  per- 
son at  a  distance.  The  low  is  when  he  approaches  to  a 
whisper.  And  the  middle  is  that  which  he  employs  in 
common  conversation,  and  which  he  should  generally 
use  in  reading  to  others.  We  shall  always  be  able  to 
give  the  most  force  of  sound  to  that  pitch  of  voice,  to 
which  we  are  accustomed  in  conversation.  It  should  be 
a  constant  rule  never  to  utter  a  greater  quantity  of  voice 
than  we  can  afford  without  pain  to  ourselves  and  with- 
out any  extraordinary  effort.  It  is  also  a  useful  rule  to 
cast  our  eye  on  some  of  the  most  distant  persons  in  the 
company,  and  consider  ourselves  as  reading  to  them. 
By  the  habit  of  reading  when  young  in  a  loud  and  vehe- 

Questions. — Are  rules  alone  sufficient  to  make  a  good  reader  ? 

What  is  the  use  of  rules  1 

What  rules  are  necessary  in  reading  1 

How  many  pitches  in  every  person's  voice  ? 

What  are  they  ? 

When  does  he  use  the  high  one  ? 

WThen  the  low  ? 

When  the  middle  ? 

Read  a  sentence  on  each. 

To  what  pitch  can  we  give  the  most  force  ? 

What  constant  rule  in  regard  to  loud  ness  ? 

What  rule  is  useful,  in  order  to  be  well  heard  ? 


INTRODUCTION.  xiii 

merit  manner,  the  voice  becomes  fixed  in  a  strained  and 
unnatural  key,  and  becomes  incapable  of  variety  and 
true  harmony. 

But  to  being  well  and  clearly  understood,  distinctness 
of  articulation  contributes  more  than  mere  loudness  of 
sound.  To  this,  therefore,  every  reader  ought  to  pay 
great  attention.  He  must  give  every  sound  which  he 
utters  its  due  proportion,  and  make  every  syllable  and 
letter  be  heard  distinctly.  An  accurate  knowledge  of 
the  simple,  elementary  sounds  of  the  language,  and  a 
facility  in  expressing  them,  are  so  necessary,  that,  if  a 
learaer  is  deficient,  his  progress  ought  to  be  suspended, 
till  he  has  become  complete  master  of  them. 

In  order  to  express  ourselves  distinctly,  moderation  is 
requisite  with  regard  to  the  speed  of  pronouncing.  Pre- 
cipitancy of  speech  confounds  all  articulation,  and  all 
meaning ;  while,  on  the  contrary,  a  lifeless,  drawling 
manner  of  reading,  which  allows  the  mind  of  the  hearer 
to  be  always  outrunning  the  speaker,  must  render  every 
performance  insipid  and  disgusting,  But  the  fault  of 
reading  too  fast,  being  the  more  common,  and  when 
grown  into  a  habit,  being  very  difficult  to  be  corrected, 
requires  to  be  most  guarded  against. 

In  the  next  place,  the  yaung  reader  must  study  pro- 
priety  of  pronunciation,  or  the  habit  of  giving,  to  every 
word  he  utters,  that  sound  which  the  best  usage  of  the 
language  appropriates  to  it,  in  opposition  to  broad,  vul- 
gar, or  provincial  pronunciation. 

Questions. — What  is  saichof  reading  in  a  vehement  manner  1 
What  contributes  more  than    loudness  of  sound  to   bem»  clearly  un« 
derstood  ? 

How  must  a  person  read  in  order  to  be  distinct  in  articulation  ? 

What  is  very  necessary  to  distinctness  of  articulation  ? 

What  is  necessary  to  express  ourselves  distinctly  ? 

What  is  said  of  precipitancy  1 

What  on  the  other  hand  is  to  be  avoided  ? 

Which  of  the  two  extremes  is  most  common  ? 

What  is  propriety  of  pronunciation  ? 

s 


xiv  INTRODUCTION 

The  principal  inflections  or  modifications  of  the  voice 
used  in  reading  and  speaking,  are  the  rising  inflection, 
the  falling  inflection,  the  circumflex,  and  the  monotone. 
The  rising  inflection  (marked  ')  is  used  when  a  question 
is  asked  without  any  interrogative  pronoun  or  adverb — 
as, 

"  Am  I  ungrateful'  ?" 

"  Is  he  in  earnest7  ?" 

"  Would  it  not  employ  a  beau  prettily  enough,  if,  in- 
stead of- playing  eternally  with  his  snuff-box,  he  spent 
some  part  of  his  time  in  making  one  ?" 

But  where  a  sentence  is  begun  with  an  interrogative 
pronoun  or  adverb,  the  falling  inflection  (marked  x)  is 
used — as, 

"  Who  will  assist  himx  ?" 

"  Where  is  the  messengerv  ?" 

"  On  whom  does  time  hang  so  heavily,  as  on  the 
slothful  and  lazyx  1 — to  whom  are  the  hours  so  linger- 

ing>?" 

"  Who  is  here  so  base  that  he  would  be  a  bondman'  ?" 

A  question  that  may  be  answered  by  Yes  or  No,  usu- 
ally takes  the  rising  inflection ;  other  questions,  the 
falling. 

When  two  questions  are  united  in  one  sentence,  and 
Connected  by  the  conjunction  or,  the  first  takes  the  ris- 
ing, the  second  the  falling^ inflection — as,  "Does  his 
conduct  support  discipline7,  or  destroy  it*  ?" 

The  circumflex  (marked  A  )  is  generally  used  to  ex- 
press irony,  reproach,  contempt,  and  raillery — as 

"  Queen.  Hamlet,  thou  hast  thy  father  much  offend- 
ed." 

"  Hamlet.  Mother,  you  have  my  father  much  offend- 
ed." 

Question*.— What  are  the  principal  inflections  ? 
Qive  an  example  of  each. 


INTRODUCTION.  XT 

"  Hume  said  he  would  go  twenty  miles  to  hear 
Whitefield  preach,  thereby  expressing  his  contempt  for 
common  preachers." 

The  monotone  is  the  continuation  of  the  voice  upon 
certain  syllables  without  any  variation,  and  rnay  be 
marked  thus  (-).  It  is  used  with  great  effect  in  a  sol- 
emn tone  and  sublime  passages  in  poetry ;  and  in  prose, 
when  the  subject  is  grand  and  dignified,  as  in  this  ex- 
tract :  "  Shall  an  inferior  magistrate— a  governor,  who 
holds  his  whole  power  of  the  Roman  people,  in  a  R6_ 
man  province,  and  within  sight  of  Italy,  bind,  scourge, 
torture  with  fire  and  red-hot  plates  of  iron,  and  at  last 
put  to  the  infamous  death  of  crucifixion,  a  Roman  citir 
zen  1" 

By  emphasis  is  meant  a  stronger  and  fuller  sound  o,f 
voice,  by  which  we  distinguish  some  word  or  words  to 
which  we  wish  to  attach  a  particular  importance.  On 
the  right  management  of  emphasis  depends  ~the  life  of 
pronunciation.  If  no  emphasis  is  placed  on  any  words, 
not  only  Jis  discourse  rendered  heavy  and  lifeless,  but 
the  meaning  left  often  ambiguous.  If  the  emphasis  is 
placed  wrong,  we  pervert  arid  confound  the  meaning 
wholly.  In  erder  to  acquire  the  proper  management  of 
emphasis,  the  great  rule  to  be  given  is,  that  the  reader 
study  to  attain  a  just  conception  of  the  force  and  spirit 
of  the  sentiments,  which  he  is  to  pronounce.  To  lay 
the  emphasis  right  is  a  constant  exercise  of  good  taste 
and  judgment.  But  care  must  be  taken  not  to  multiply 
emphatical  words  too  much,  and  t©  use  the  emphasis  in- 
discriminately. To  crowd  every  sentence  with  emphat- 

Questions.— What  is  meant  by  emphasis  ? 

What  depends  upon  the  right  management  of  emphasis  ? 

What  if  no  emphasis  be  placed  on  any  words  ? 

What  if  the  emphasis  be  placed  wrong  ? 

What  great  rule  is  given  for  the  proper  management  of  emphasis  ? 

What  does  it  require  to  lay  the  emphasis  with  exact  propriety  ? 


*yi  INTRODUCTION. 

ical  words,  is  like  crowding  all  the  pages  of  a  book  wilft 
italic  characters ;  which,  as  to  the  effect,  is  just  the  same 
as  to  use  no  such  distinctions  at  all. 

Tones  consist  in  the  notes  or  variations  of  sound 
which  we  employ.  Emphasis  affects  particular  words 
and  phrases,  but  tones,  peculiarly  so  called,  affeet  sen- 
tences, paragraphs,  and  sometimes  even  the  whole  of  a 
discourse.  It  is  chiefly  in  the  proper  use  of  tones,  that 
the  spirit,  beauty,  and  harmony  of  delivery  consist. 

Pauses  or  rests,  in  speaking  or  reading,  are  a  total 
cessation  of  the  voice,  during  a  perceptible,  and,  in  ma- 
ny cases,  a  measurable  space  of  time.  They  are  equal- 
ly necessary  to  the  speaker  and  hearer ; — to  the  speaker, 
that  he  may  take  breath,  without  which  he  cannot  pro- 
ceed far  in  delivery ;  and  to  the  hearer,  that  the  ear  may 
be  relieved  from  the  fatigue,  which  it  would  otherwise 
endure  from  a  continuity  of  sound,  and  that  he  may 
have  sufficient  time  to  mark  the  distinction  and  mean- 
ing of  sentences,.  Pauses  in  reading  must  generally  be 
formed  upon  the  manner  in  which  we  utter  ourselves  in  or- 
dinary sensible  conversation.  It  is  not  sufficient  to  attend 
to  the  points  used  in  printing — because  these  are  far  from 
marking  all  the  pauses,  which  ought  to  be  made  in  read- 
ing, and  because  a  mechanical  attention  to  these  resting 
places  has  been  one  of  the  principal  causes  of  monotony. 

Questions. — To  what  is  crowding  every  sentence  with  emphatical  word! 
Compared  ? 
'  What  effect  has  it  ? 
What  are  tones  ? 
What  does  emphasis  affect  ? 
What  do  tones  affect  ? 

Wherein  do  the  spirit  and  beauty  of  delivery  consist? 
What  are  pauses  or  rests  in  reading  and  speaking  I 
To  whom  are  they  necessary  ? 
Why  to  the  speaker? 
Why  to  the  hearer? 

Upon  wha«  must  pauses  in  reading  generally  he  formed  ? 
Is  it  sufficient  to  attend  to  the  points  used  in  printing  ? 
Why  net? 


INTRODUCTION  >          XYU 


When  we  are  reading  verse,  there  is  a  peculiar 
culty  in  making  the  pauses  justly.  This  difficulty  arises 
from  the  melody  of  verse,  which  dictates  to  the  ear  paus- 
es and  rests  of  its  own.  There  are  two  kinds  of  pauses 
that  belong  to  the  melody  of  verse  ;  one  is  the  pause  at 
the  end  of  the  line  ;  the  other,  the  cesural  pause  in  or 
near  the  middle  of  it.  With  regard  to  the  pause  at  the 
end  of  the  line,  which  marks  that  strain  or  verse  to  be 
finished,  rhyme  renders  this  always  sensible;  and  in 
respect  to  blank  verse,  we  ought  also  to  read  so  as  to 
make  every  line  sensible  to  the  ear  ;  if  we  do  not,  we 
degrade  it  into  mere  prose.  At  the  same  time  that  we 
attend  to  this  pause,  every  appearance  of  sing-song  and 
tone  ought  to  be  avoided.  The  close  of  the  line,  where 
it  makes  no  pause  in  the  meaning,  ought  not  to  be  mark- 
ed by  such  a  tone  as  is  used  in  finishing  a  sentence  ;  but 
without  either  fall  or  elevation  of  voice,  it  should  be  de- 
noted only  by  so  slight  a  suspension  of  sound,  as  may 
distinguish  the  passage  from  one  line  to  another  with- 
out injuring  the  meaning.  The  cesural  pause  is  not  so 
great  as  that  which  falls  at  the  end  of  a  line,  but  it  is 
still  sensible  to  an  ordinary  ear. 

Questions.  —  In  what  is  there  a  peculiar  difficulty  in  reading  verse  ? 

From  what  does  it  arise  ? 

How  many  kinds  of  pauses  are  there  that  belong  to  the  melody  of  verse? 

Where  is  each  ? 

What  renders  the  pause  at  the  end  of  the  line  always  sensible  to  the  ear? 

What  is  said  in  respect  to  blank  verse? 

What  must  be  carefully  guarded  against  in  attending  to  this  pause  ? 

Where  there  is  no  pause  in  the  sense,  how  ought  this  pause  at  the  eni| 
of  the  line  to  be  marked  ? 

How  great  a  pause  is  the  other,  which  falls  somewhere  abotit  the  middle 
of  the  line  ? 


SEQUEL, 


LESSON  I. 

Application  of  Mind. — NORTH  AMERICAN  REVIEW. 

No  virtue  is  more  rare  than  economy  in  the  division 
and  use  of  time,  and  in  the  few  instances  where  this 
has  been  rigidly  practised,  the  world  has  seen  prodigies 
of  attainment.  Seneca  tells  of  the  vigilance  with  which 
he  seized  on  every  moment  of  time  as  it  passed  ;  not  a 
day  at  its  close  could  reproach  him  with  idleness,  and 
his  studies  were  drawn  out  to  a  late  hour  of  the  night. 
Sir  William  Jones  is  a  remarkable  example  in  point ; 
with  talent  of  a  high  order,  it  is  true,  but  more  especial- 
ly by  an  industry  that  never  tired,  and  a  methodical  ap- 
propriation of  every  moment  of  his  time  to  some  definite 
purpose,  he  made  acquisitions  in  the  midst  of  a  busy 
life,  that  astonish  the  mind,  accustomed  to  observe  only 
the  ordinary  result  of  intellectual  labor.  His  aims  were 
always  fixed  high,  and  he  seldom  fell  below  them ;  the 
vast  schemes,  which  he  did  not  live  to  mature,  were  not 
without  their  use  in  carrying  his  mind  upward,  and  giv- 
ing it  the  excitement  of  a  lofty  motive.  It  cannot  be 
denied,  that  there  is  sometimes  danger  to  be  apprehend- 
ed from  this  very  propensity  for  grasping  so  much.  By 
indulging  in  so  wide  a  range,  the  mind  necessarily  ac- 
quires a  habit  of  dwelling  on  particulars,  and,  without 
the  exercise  of  much  caution  and  good  judgment,  its 
energy  will  be  lost  on  trifles.  In  the  same  proportion  it 
will  lose  the  power  of  developing  broad  principles,  am} 
of  drawing  from  particular,  general  and  philosophical 


Fate,  far,  fall,  fat — me,  met — pine,  pin — no,   move,  nor 
not — ttibe,  tub,  bull,  oil,  pound,  thin,  Tim. 


As  this  SEQUEL  is  designed  for  a  higher  class,  than  its  predecessor,  the 
words,  on  the  left-hand  pag^e,  whose  definitions,  &c.,  are  given  on  the 
right,  are  not  marked,  as  in  tne  Analytical  Reader  ;  nor  will  tho  one  always 
be  found  on  a  line  directly  opposite  to  the  other.  The  additional  task  which 
is  hereby  put  upon  the  attention  of  the  scholar,  will  be  amply  compensated 
by  other  advantages. 


Spell  economy*  practised,  prodigies,  seized* 

•Seneca,  an  ancient  moral  philosopher,  who  wrote  in 
Latin,  the  language  of  the  Romans. 

.Vigilance,  watchfulness,  circumspection. 

Spell  every,  reproach,  studies,  William. 

Day,  personified:  see  personification  in  the  Appen- 
dix. 

Spell  remarkable,  talents,  especially,  definite. 

In  point,  in  illustration  of  the  preceding  remarks,  in 
proof  of  what  has  just  been  said.  What  is  that  1 

Spell  purpose,  busy,  only,  always. 
-.Ordinary,  regular,  usual,  mean,  of  low  rank. 

.Intellectual,  mental,  of  the  mind,  performed  by  the 
mind. 

Spell  schemes,  their,  carrying,  excitement. 

-Mature,  ripen,  advance  to  ripeness,  bring  to  perfec- 
tion, ripe,  perfected. 

-Lofty,  high,  elevated,  noble,  aspiring,  proud,  haugh- 

^: 

Motive,  that  which  moves  or  influences  a  person  to 
act,  feeling,  object  aimed  at,  end  in  view. 

Spell  deny,  denied,  very,  exercise. 

-Apprehended,  seized,  laid  hold  on,  understood,  fear- 
ed. 

.Propensity,  inclination,  tendency,  disposition  to  afty 
thing. 


20  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

^conclusions.  This  was  doubtless,  in  £ome  degree,  true 
of  Sir  William  Jones ;  not  that  his  mind  was  deficient 
in  the  powers  of  philosophical  discrimination,  but  his 
eagerness  for  new  attainments  was  so  great,  that  time 
was  not  left,  nor  space  in  his  thoughts,  for  arrangement 
and  combination.  In  many  cases  he  reasoned  and 
thought  profoundly,  but  take  all  his  labors  together,  we 
are  amazed  rather  at  what  he  learned,  than  at  what  he 
has  taught. 

There  is  good  counsel  in  Seneca's  Second  Epistle,  on 
the  subject  of  diversity  of  study.  '  The  best  proof  of  a 
well  ordered  mind,'  says  he,  '  is  its  power  of  remaining 
quiet  and  keeping  company  with  itself.  Be  cautious  that 
the  reading  of  many  authors,  and  those  of  all  descrip- 
tions, do  not  produce  vagueness  and  instability.  Close 
application  to  a  few  writers  of  rare  merit  is  necessary, 
if  you  would  treasure  up  any  thing,  which  will  settle 
faithfully  into  the  mind. — -He,  who  is  everywhere,  is  no- 
where ;  and  the  traveller  who  is  always  in  motion,  may 
experience  much  hospitality,  but  make  no  friendships. 
So  it  will  be  with  those,  who  dwell  not  on  a  particular 
branch  of  study,  till  they  become  familiar  with  it,  but 
are  always  hurrying  from  one  thing  to  another.  Nothing 
so  impedes  a  restoration  to  health,  as  frequent  change 
of  medicine  ;  a  wound  will  not  heal,  which  is  intated  by 
repeated  applications ;  a  plant  will  not  flourish,  which 
is  often  removed  to  a  new  soil ;  and  in  short,  perpetual 
change  is  injurous  to  every  thing.  A  multitude  of  books 
distract  the  mind.  Since,  therefore,  you  cannot  read 
all  you  can  obtain,  it  is  enough  that  you  possess  as  ma- 
ny as  you  can  read.  4  But,'  you  reply,  '  I  wish  to  look 
a  little  into  this  volume,  and  a  little  into  that.'  It  is  the 
mark  of  a  fastidious  stomach  to  desire  to  taste  of  many 
dishes,  which,  when  of  various  kinds,  vitiate,  rather  than 
nourish  the  body.  Hence,  let  your  reading  be  confined 
to  the  most  approved  authors,  and  if  at  any  time  you 
seek  for  amusement  in  others,  return  again  to  the  first.' 
Sir  Matthew  Hale  is  an  illustrious  example  of  the  won- 
ders that  may  be  wrought,  by  a  methodical  use  of  time  ; 
his  application  was  unremitted,  and  the  compass  of  his 
knowledge  almost  without  bounds,  but  he  knew  how  to 
estimate  it  rightly ;  he  made  all  his  acquisitions  snbsef- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  at 

Spell  necessary.     Spell  necessarily.     What  letter  is 

changed  ? 

Energy,  strength,  power  of  acting,  force,  efficacy. 
.Developing,    unfolding,    obtaining   or    imparting  a 

knowledge  of  something  intricate. 
Spell  broad,  principles,  philosophical,  amazed. 
Discrimination,  power  of  distinguishing  or  perceiving 

differences,  distinction. 

Arrangement,  reducing  ideas  or  objects  to  order. 
•Combination,     classification,      union,     association., 

league,  conspiracy. 

Spell  many,  epistle,  divinity,  study,  studies. 
-Profoundly,  deeply,  with  deep  concern,  with  deep  iu> 

sight. 
-.Counsel,  advice,  prudence,  design,  those  that  plead  a 

cause. 

-Description,  act  of  describing,  sort,  class,  kind. 
.Vagueness,  habit  of  wandering,  an  unfixed  or  unset- 
tied  state. 
Instability,  inconstancy,  fickleness,  mutability  of  opitf- 

ion  or  conduct. 

Spdl  travel,  traveller,  medicine,  irritated. 
Hospitality,  kind  reception  and  treatment  of  a  guest, 

the  practice  of  entertaining  strangers. 
.Impedes,  hinders,  obstructs,  retards. 
SpfM  flourish,  often,  enough,  volume. 
-Distract,  pull  different  ways  at  once,  divide,  perplex, 

make  mad. 

Fastidious,  easily  disgusted,  disdainful,  squeamish. 
Spell  stomach,  body,  first,  Matthew. 
-.Vitiate,  deprave,  spoil,  make  less  pure. 
.Nourish,  cause  to  grow,  promote  strength,  support  by 

food. 

Illustrious,  bright,  splendid,  celebrated,  conspicuous. 
Spell  wrought,  unremitted,  knowledge,  almost. 
Springs  of  society,  the  motives  which  lead   men  to 

unite  in  societies,   the  sources  of  those  laws  which 

sustain  and  regulate  social  intercourse. 
Spell  subservient,  society,  lessons. 
Unfolding,  explaining,  developing. 
Principles  of  human  nature,  the  habits  of  thinking, 

feeling,  and  acting,   which  characterize  mankind, 


22  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

vient  to  discovering  the  springs  of  society,  unfolding  the 
principles  of  human  nature,  teaching  lessons  of  practi- 
cal wisdom,  and  acting  on  the  condition  of  man.  He 
sought  knowledge  for  these  ends  alone,  and  valued  par- 
ticulars only  as  they  opened  light  into  some  new  truth, 
and  conducted  him  to  useful  and  comprehensive  reiults. 


LESSON  II. 

Importance   of   Mental  Improvement. — ABRIDGED   FROM 
WATTS. 

No  man  is  obliged  to  learn  and  know  every  thing ; 
this  can  neither  be  sought  nor  required,  for  it  is  utterly 
impossible  ;  yet  all  persons  are  under  some  obligation 
to  improve  their  own  understanding,  otherwise  it  will  be 
a  barren  desert,  or  a  forest  overgrown  with  weeds  and 
brambles.  Universal  ignorance  or  infinite  errors  will 
overspread  the  mind  which  is  utterly  neglected  and  lies 
without  any  cultivation. 

The  common  duties  and  benefits  of  society,  which  be- 
long to  every  man  living,  as  we  are  social  creatures,  and 
even  our  native  and  necessary  relations  to  a  family,  a 
neighborhood,  or  a  government,  oblige  all  persons 
whatsoever  to  use  their  reasoning  powers  upon  a  thou- 
sand occasions  ;  every  hour  of  life  calls  for  some  regu- 
lar exercise  of  our  judgment  as  to  times  and  things,  per- 
sons and  actions  ;  without  a  prudent  and  discreet  deter- 
mination in  matters  before  us,  we  shall  be  plunged  into 
perpetual  errors  in  our  conduct.  Now,  that  which  should 
always  be  practised,  must  at  some  time  be  learned. 

Besides,  every  son  and  daughter  of  Adam,  has  a  most 
important  concern  in  the  affairs  of  a  life  to  come ;  and 
therefore  it  is  a  matter  of  the  highest  moment,  for  eve- 
ry one  to  understand,  to  judge,  and  to  reason  right, 
about  the  things  of  religion  It  is  in  vain  for  any  to  say, 
we  have  no  leisure  or  time  for  it.  The  daily  intervals 
of  time  and  vacancies  from  necessary  labor,  together 
with  the  one  day  in  seven  in  the  Christian  world,  allow 
sufficient  time  for  this,  if  men  would  but  apply  them- 
selves to  it  with  half  as  much  zeal  and  diligence  as  they 


ANALYTICAL  HEADER.  23 

together  with  the  manner  in  which  those  habits  are 
formed. 

Spell  sought,  some,  comprehensive. 

Spell  there.  What  does  it  mean  ?  Now  spell  anoth- 
er. What  does  that  mean  ? 

Spell  principal,  "  the  principal  thing."  Spell  princir 
pie,  "  that  is  a  good  principle." 

Spell  lessen,  to  make  less.  Spell  lesson,  to  be  learn- 
ed and  recited. 

Spell  sum,  "  a  sum  of  money."  Spell  some,  "  he  has 
some  money." 

Spell  sought,  endeavoured  to  find.  Spell  sot,  a  drunk- 
ard. 


Is  obliged,  is  under  obligation,  it  is  no  man's  duty. 

Spell  learn,  know,  every,  neither,  sought,  impossible. 

Improve,  to  make  better,  to  cultivate. 

Spell  some,  their,  own,  forest,  any,  necessary. 

Understanding,  knowledge,  skill,   mind,  intellectual 
powers. 

.Barren,  bar'ren,  unfruitful,  sterile. 

.Desert,  wilderness,  waste  country. 

Universal,  total,  extending  to  ail  things. 

Change  universal  into  an  adverb.  Answer,  Universally. 

Infinite,  unbounded,  endless,  numberless. 

Change  infinite  into  an  adverb. 

Change  utterly  into  an  adjective.     Ans.  Utter. 

Change  necessary  into  an  adverb.     Spell  the  adverb. 

Spell  family,  neighborhood,  errors,  practised,  daugh- 
ter. 

Government,  guv'urn-ment. 

-.Oblige,  impose  obligation,  lay  obligations  of  grati- 
tude, compel. 

-Use,  employ,  make  use  of,  to  be  accustomed. 

.Thousand,  lAou'zand,  ten  hundred,  a  great  number. 

Change  regular  into  an  adverb. 

Change  prudent,  and  discreet  into  adverbs. 

Matters,  mat'tur/.     Change  perpetual  into  an  adverb. 

Perpetual,  never  ceasing,  endless,  continual,  uninter- 
rupted. 


24  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

do  to  the  trifles  and   amusements  of  this  life ;  and   it 
would  turn  to  infinitely  better  account. 

Thus  it  appears  to  be  the  duty  and  the  interest  of  ev- 
ery person  living,  to  improve  his  understanding,  to  in- 
form his  judgment,  to  treasure  up  useful  knowledge,  and 
to  acquire  the  skill  of  good  reasoning,  as  far  as  his  sta- 
tion, capacity,  arid  circumstances  furnish  him  with 
proper  means  for  it.  Our  mistakes  in  judgment  may 
plunge  us  into  much  fwlly  and  guilt  in  practice.  By  act- 
ing without  thought  or  reason,  we  dishonor  the  God 
that  made  us  reasonable  creatures  ;  we  often  become 
injurious  to  our  neighbors,  kindred,  or  friends;  and  we 
bring  sin  and  misery  upon  ourselves :  for  we  are  ac- 
countable to  God  our  Judge  for  every  part  of  our  irreg- 
ular and  mistaken  conduct,  where  he  hath  given  us  suf- 
ficient advantages  to  guard  against  those  mistakes. 


LESSON  III. 

direct  ions  for  the   attainment  of  useful    Knowledge. — 
ABRIDGED  FROM  WATTS. 

Deeply  possess  your  mind  with  the  vast  importance 
of  a  good  judgment  and  the  inestimable  advantage  of 
right  reasoning.  Heview  the  instances  of  your  own  mis- 
conduct in  life  ;  think  seriously  with  yourselves  how  ma- 
ny follies  and  sorrows  you  had  escaped,  and  how  much 
guilt  and  misery  you  had  prevented,  if  from  your  early 
years  you  had  but  taken  clue  pains  to  judge  aright  con- 
cerning persons,  times,  and  things.  This  will  awaken 
you  with  lively  vigor  to  the  work  of  improving  your 
reasoning  powers,  and  seizing  every  opportunity  and 
advantage  for  that  end. 

Consider  the  weakness,  frailties,  and  mistakes  of  hu- 
man nature  in  general.  Consider  the  depth  and  diffi- 
culty of  many  truths,  and  the  flattering  appearances  of 
falsehood  ;  whence  arises  an  infinite  variety  of  dangers 
to  which  we  are  exposed  in  our  judgment  of  things. 

Contrive  and  practise  somr  suitable  methods  to  ac- 
quaint yourself  with  your  own  ignorance,  and  to  impress 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  25 

Errors,  er'rurz.     Daughter,  daw'tur.     Adam,  ad'um, 

-Moment,  consequence,  importance,  point  of  time. 

Spell  leisure,  daily,  vacancies,  sufficient,  diligence. 

Christian  world,  those  parts  of  the  world,  where 
Christianity  is  the  prevailing  religion. 

Sufficient  is  an  adjective  :  what  is  sufficiently  ? 

What  is  infinitely  ?  Change  it  into  an  adjective. 

Duty,  that  which  a  person  ought  to  do. 

Interest,  that  which  is  most  for  a  person's  happiness. 

.Treasure.  "  Knowledge"  is  here  represented  under 
the  figure  of  money  or  riches.  See  Metaphor  in 
the  Appendix. 

Change  useful  and  proper  into  adverbs. 

S^c.ll  proper, £»uilt,  friends,  guard,  against. 

Plunge  :  what  figure  is  here  employed  1  How  arc- 
folly  and  guilt  represented  ? 

Change  reasonable  into  an  adverb. 

Into  what  can  an  adjective  be  changed  ?  How  ? 

When  the  adjective  ends  in  ?/,  what  is  done  ? 

When  the  adjective  ends  in  ble,  how  is  it  changed  ? 

Into  what  can  an  adverb  ending  in  ly  be  changed  ? 
How  1  Give  examples  of  eaclj. 


Wrhat  is  deeply  ?  What  is  deep  ? 

Possess  your  mind  with,  impress  your  mind  with,  feel. 

Vast,  very  great.     Change  vast  into  an  adverb. 

Inestimable,  not  to  be  estimated,  incalculable. 

Review,  consider  over  again,  recollect,  look  back  upon. 

Misconduct,  improper  conduct,  actions  done  anuss. 

What  is  seriously  1  What  is  serious  ? 

Had  escaped  :  the  auxiliary  verb  had  is  here  used  in- 
stead of  what  1 

Spell  are,  due,  seizing,  consider,  frailties,  depth. 

Awaken  :  what  figure  ?  In  what  state  is  the  person 

represented  as  being  ? 
.Difficulty,  dif'fe-kul-te.     Flattering,  flat'tur-lng. 

Spell  falsehood,  suitable  acquaint,  present,  knowledge. 

Parts,  natural  talents,  powers  of  mjnd. 

Spell  presume,  ready,  vivacities,  ridicule,  imagine. 

Change  ready  into  an  adverb.     Into  what  is  the  y 
changed  ? 
3 


26  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

your  mind  with  a  deep  and  painful  sense  of  the  low  and 
imperfect  degrees  of  your  present  knowledge. 

Presume  not  too  much  upon  a  bright  genius,  a  ready 
wit,  and  good  parts  ;  for  these  without  labor  and  stu- 
dy will  never  make  a  man  of  knowledge  and  wisdom. 
This  has  been  an  unhappy  temptation  to  persons  of  a 
vigorous  and  gay  fancy,  to  despise  learning  and  study. 
They  have  been  acknowledged  to  shine  in  an  assembly, 
and  sparkle  in  discourse  upon  common  topics ;  and 
thence  they  took  it  into  their  heads  to  abandon  reading 
and  labor,  and  grow  old  in  ignorance  ;  but  when  they 
had  lost  the  vivacities  of  animal  nature  and  jtnith,  they 
became  stupid  even  to  contempt  and  ridicule. 

As  you  are  not  to  fancy  yourself  a  learned  man,  be- 
cause you  are  blessed  with  a  ready  wit,  so  neither  must 
you  imagine,  that  large  and  laborious  reading  and  a 
strong  memory  can  denominate  you  truly  wise.  It  is 
meditation  and  studious  thought,  it  is  the  exercise  of 
your  own  reason  and  judgment  upon  all  you  read,  that 
gives  good  sense  even  to  the  best  genius,  and  affords 
your  understanding  the  truest  improvement.  A  boy  of 
strong  memory  may  repeat  a  whole  book  of  Euclid,  and 
yet  be  no  geometrician.  One  may  learn  half  the  Bible 
by  heart,  and  yet  understand  very  little  of  divinity. 

Be  not  so  weak  as  to  imagine,  that  a  life  of  learning 
is  a  life  of  laziness  and  ease.  It  is  no  idle  thing  to  be  a 
scholar  indeed. 

Let  the  hope  of  new  discoveries,  as  well  as  the  satis- 
faction and  pleasure  of  known  truths,  animate  your  dai- 
ly industry.  Do  not  think  learning  in  general  is  arriv- 
ed at  its  perfection,  or  that  the  knowledge  of  any  par- 
ticular subject  in  any  science  cannot  be  improved,  mere- 
ly because  it  has  lain  five  hundred  or  a  thousand  years 
without  improvement. 

Do  not  hover  always  on  the  surface  of  things,  nor  take 
up  suddenly  with  mere  appearances ;  but  penetrate  in- 
to the  depth  of  matters,  as  far  as  your  time  and  circum- 
stances allow,  especially  in  those  things  which  relate  to 
your  own  profession  Do  not  indulge  yourselves  to  judge 
of  things  by  the  first  glimpse,  or  a  short  and  superficial 
view  of  them  ;  for  this  will  fill  the  mind  with  errors  and 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  27 

Spell  unhappy.      Spell  unhappily.      What  letter  is 
changed  ? 

.Despise,  look  upon  as  things  beneath  them. 

Shine,  to  appear  to  advantage.      What  figure  is  here 
used  ? 

What  other  word  in  the  same  sentence  is  used  meta- 
phorically ? 

-Discourse,  speech,  sermon,  conversation  1 

Stupid  even  to  ridicule,  so  stupid  as  even  to  be   ridi- 
culed. 

-Large,  great,  much,  extensive,  bulky,  abundant. 

-Strong,  vigorous,  mighty,  powerful,  retentive,  violent, 
intoxicating. 

.Denominate,  name,  give  name   to,  render  worthy   to 
be  called. 

.Truly :  derived  from  what  1  Spell  the  adjective  due. 
Spell  duly. 

Spell  sense,  genius,  whole,  very,  scholar,  discoveries. 

Euclid,  author  of  a  celebrated  treatise  on  geometry. 

.Geometrician,  je-om-e-trish'an,  one  skilled  in  geome- 
try. 

-Divinity,  deity,  theology,  truths  and  precepts  of  the 
Bible. 

-Weak,    feeble,  not  strong,   infirm,  childish,  void  of 
judgment. 

Truths,  troops..     This  word  does  not  follow  the  an- 
alogy of  path,  paths,  bath,  baths. 

-.Animate,  give   life  to,  encourage,   possessing  animal 
life. 

Industry,  m'dus-tre,  diligence,  assiduity,  efforts. 

.Hover,  huv'ur.     What   figure  is  this  ?  To    what  is  a 
person  here  compared  ? 

.Surface,  superficies,  outside,  that  part  which  meets  the 
eye. 

.Penetrate,  go,  enter,  pierce,  make  way. 
Spell    especially,    glimpse,    superficial,    prejudices, 
wrong. 

-Profession,  employment,  declaration,  public  avowal. 

-Indulge,  gratify,  favor,  allow,  grant. 

First,  furst.  Superficial,  slight,  extending  only  to  the 
surface. 

What  two  adjectives,  in  adding  ly,  drop  final  e .? 


"28  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

prejudices,   give  it  a  wrong  turn  and  ill  habit  of  think- 
ing, and  make  much  work  for  retraction. 

Once  a  day,  especially  in  the  early  years  of  life  and 
study,  call  yourselves  to  an  account,  what  new  ideas, 
what  new  proposition  or  truth,  you  have  gained,  what 
further  confirmation  of  known  truths,  and  what  advan- 
ces you  have  made  in  any  part  of  knowledge  ;  and  let 
no  day,  if  possible,  pass  away  without  some  intellectual 
gain.  Such  a  course,  well  pursued,  must  certainly  ad- 
vance us  in  useful  knowledge.  It  is  a  wise  proverb 
among  the  learned,  borrowed  from  the  lips  and  practice 
of  a  celebrated  painter,  u  Let  no  day  pass  without  one 
line  at  least ;"  and  it  was  a  sacred  rule  among  the  Py- 
thagoreans, that  they  should  every  evening  thrice  run 
over  the  actions  and  affairs  of  the  day,  and  examine 
what  their  conduct  had  been,  what  they  had  done,  or 
what  they  had  neglected  ;  and  they  assured  their  pu- 
pils, that  by  this  method,  they  would  make  a  noble 
progress  in  the  path  of  virtue. 

Nor  let  soft  slumber  close  your  eyes,. 
Before  you've  recollected  thrice  * 
The  train  of  actions  through  the  day  : 
Where  have  my  feet  chose  out  the  way  ? 
What  have  I  learn'd,  where'er  I've  been, 
.     From  all  I've  heard,  from  all  I've  seen  ? 

What  know  1  more,  that's  worth  the  knowing  ? 
,     *  What  have  I  done,  that's  worth  the  doing  ? 
What  have  I  sought  tliat  I  should  shun  ?  ^ 
What  duty  have  I  left  undone  T 
Or  into  what  new  follies  run  1  > 

These  self-inquiries  are  the  road, 
That  leads  to  virtue  and  to  God. 


LESSON  IV. 

The  same. — CONCLUDED. 

Maintain  a  constant  watch  against  a  dogmatical  spir- 
it. Fix  not  your  assent  to  any  proposition  in  a  firm  and 
unalterable  manner,  till  you  have  some  firm  and  unal- 
terable ground  for  it,  and  till  you  have  arrived  at  some 
clear  and  sure  evidence  ;  till  you  have  turned  the  prop- 
osition on  all  sides,  and  searched  the  matter  through 
and  through,  so  that  you  cannot  be  mistaken.  And  evert 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  W 

Spell  once,  pursued,  certainly,  examine,  recollected. 

-Turn,  act  of  turning,  winding  way,  change,   conven- 
ience, bias. 

Retraction,  taking  back,  confessing  an  error,  recan- 
tation. 

Confirmation,  act  of  establishing,  evidence,  additional 

proof. 

-Advance,  help  forward,  promote,  go  forward,  propose, 
improvement. 

Proverb,  adage,  a  common  saying,  a  sententious 
maxim. 

•Borrowed,  taken  on  credit,  derived,  copied,  obtained 

for  temporary  use. 
-.Celebrated,  famous,  renowned,  performed,  observed. 

-Line,  mark,  string,  verse,  limit,  stroke  or  touch  of  the 
pencil. 

.Pythagoreans,  pe-£Aag  cnre'auz,  followers  or  disciples 
of  Pythagoras,  an  ancient  philosopher. 

-Run  over,  overflow,  pass  over  swiftly,  review,  call  to 
mind. 

-Neglected,  treated  with     indifference,   left  undone. 

Progress,  prog'gres.  Path,  used  metaphorically  for 
habits  or  practice. 

Soft  slumber,  gentle  sleep. 

You've,  where'er  ;  why  is  the  apostrophe  used  ?  Why 
are  the  words  contracted  1 

-Train,  retinue,  process,  persons  or  things  following 
one  another. 

Three  lines  rhyming- together,  are  called  what  ?  Two 
lines  thus  rhyming,  are  called  what  ?  The  mark  on 
the  margin  against  those  three  lines,  is  called  what  ? 

Why  is  it  used  here  ? 

Been,  bin.     Spirit,  spirit.     Sacred,  sa'kred. 


Dogmatical,  authoritative,  magisterial,  positive,  dicta- 
torial. 

-Spirit,  immaterial  substance,  soul,  angel,  demon,  ar- 
dor, disposition. 

-Ground,  earth,  foundation,  reason,  fundamental  cause* 

Spell  sure,  too,  believe,  enough,  withhold,  afraid. 

-Turned,  whirled,  revolved,  considered,  examined. 


3o  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

where'  you  may  think  you  have  full  grounds  of  assu- 
rance, be  not  too  eariy,  nor  too  frequent,  in  expressing 
this  assurance  in  a  peremptory  and  positive  manner. 

A  dogmatical  spirit  has  many  inconveniences  attend- 
ing it.  It  stops  the  ear  against  all  further  reasoning, 
and  shuts  up  the  mind  from  all  further  knowledge  on 
the  subject.  If  you  have  resolutely  fixed  your  opinion, 
though  it  be  upon  slight  and  insufficient  grounds,  yet 
you  will  stand  determined  to  renounce  the  strongest  rea- 
son brought  for  the  contrary  opinion,  and  grow  obstinate 
against  the  force  of  the  clearest  argument.  A  dogmati- 
cal spirit  naturally  leads  to  arrogance,  and  gives  a  man 
haughty  and  assuming  airs  in  conversation.  It  also  in- 
clines a  man  to  be  censorious  of  his  neighbors.  He 
grows  angry  that  they  do  not  see  all  his  opinions  in  the 
same  light  that  he  does.  And  he  is  tempted  to  disdain 
them  as  men  of  a  low  and  daik  understanding,  because 
they  will  not  believe  what  he  does. 

Though  caution  and  slow  assent  will  guard  you 
against  frequent  mistakes  and  retractions,  yet  you 
should  get  humility  and  courage  enough  to  retract  any 
mistake  and  confess  an  error.  Frequent  changes  are 
tokens  of  levity  in  our  first  determinations  ;  yet  you 
should  never  be  too  proud  to  change  your  opinion.  I 
confess  it  is  better  not  to  judge  than  to  judge  falsely,  and 
it  is  wiser  to  withhold  our  assent  till  we  see  complete 
evidence  ;  but  if  we  have  too  suddenly  given  our  assent, 
as  the  wisest  man  does  sometimes — if  we  have  profess- 
ed what  we  find  afterwards  to  be  false,  we  should  never 
be  ashamed  i;or  afraid  to  renounce  a  mistake. 

He  that  would  learn  to  pass  a  just  sentence  on  per- 
sons and  things,  must  take  heed  of  a  fanciful  temper  of 
mind  and  a  humorous  conduct  in  his  affairs.  A  humor- 
ist is  one,  that  is  greatly  pleased,  or  greatly  displeased, 
with  little  things,  who  sets  his  heart  much  upon  matters 
of  very  small  importance,  a  id  who  has  his  will  deter- 
mined and  his  actions  directed  every  day  by  trifles. 
Where  this  practice  is  allowed,  it  will  insensibly  warp 
the  judgment  to  pronounce  liu.le  things  great.  It  .will 
incline  you  to  pass  an  unjust  value  on  almost  every  thing 
that  occurs  ;  and  every  step  you  take  in  this  path,  is  just 
£o  far  out  of  the  way  to  wisdom. 


ANALYTICAL  READER,  31 

-.Full,  sufficient,  adequate,  strong. 

Sptil  assurance,  early,  frequent,  positive. 

.Peremptory,  per'rem-tur-e,  or  per-em'to.re  ;  dogmati- 
cal, absolute. 

.Inconveniences,  disadvantages,  evils,  hindrances. 

Sj)ell  knowledge,  opinion,  slight,  insufficient. 

Renounce,  reject,  discard,  disregard,  disown. 

Change  arrogance  into  an  adjective,  into  an  adverb, 
into  a  verb. 

Spell  haughty,  force,  neighbors,  spirit. 

.Airs,  appearances,  demeanor,  carriage,  behavior. 

•Censorious,  apt  to  censure,  disposed  to  find  fault. 

.Disdain,  despise,  contemn,  scorn. 

-Guard,  defend,  protect,  afford  security. 

Humility,  lowliness  of  mind,  modesty,  freedom  from 
pride. 

Retract,  take  back,  unsay,  recant. 

Tokens,  indications,  signs,  memorials  of  friendship. 

Levity,  lightness,  inconstancy,  unsteadiness. 

Spell  against,  courage,  -ennuglj,  error. 

.Complete,  full,  perfect,  finished,  having  no  part  or  ap- 
pendage wanting. 

.Sometimes,  sum'timz,  occasionally. 

.Professed,  said,  declared,  publicly  expressed  as  our 
opinion. 

False,  untrue,  incorrect.  What  adverb  is  formed 
from  it  ?  What  noun  ?  What  verb  ? 

Afraid,  terrified.  Does  the  sense  require,  driven  by 
fear  to  renounce  ?  or  prevented  by  fear  from  re- 
nouncing ? 

Learn,  lern,  acquire  the  power,  become  competent. 

Humorist :  What  is  a  humorist  ? 

Insensibly  warp,  iin perceptibly  turn  aside  or  incline. 

-Occurs,  meets,  happens,  takes  place,  comes  to  pass, 
comes  into  the  mind. 

-Temper,  constitution,  disposition,  moderation. 

Every  step  you  take  in  this  path,  every  progression 
in  this  course  of  conduct. 

-Way,  method  of  acting,  direction,  means,  situation 
where  a  thing  may  probably  be  found. 

Of  what  is  insensibly  compounded?  From  what  is  it 
derived  ?  Change  it  into  an  adjective — into  a  noun. 


32  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

For  the  same  reason  have  a  care  of  trifling  with  things 
important  and  momentous,  or  of  sporting  with  things 
awful  and  sacred.  Do  not  indulge  a  spirit  of  ridicule, 
as  some  witty  men  do,  on  all  occasions  and  subjects. 
This  will  as  unhappily  bias  the  judgment  on  the  other 
side,  and  incline  you  to  pass  a  low  esteem  on  the  most 
valuable  objects. 

Ever  maintain  a  virtuous  and  pious  frame  of  spirit. 
An  indulgence  of  vicious  inclinations  debases  the  under- 
standing and  perverts  the  judgment.  Sensuality  ruins 
the  better  faculties  of  the  mind.  It  is  the  virtuous  man 
enly,  who  is  in  a  fair  way  to  wisdom.  "  God  gives  to 
those  that  are  good  in  his  sight,  wisdom,  and  knowl- 
edge, and  joy." 

Watch  against  the  pride  of  your  own  reason,  and  a 
vain  conceit  of  your  own  intellectual  powers,  with  the 
neglect  of  the  divine  aid  and  blessing.  The  wisest  of 
men  advises  u*  "  to  trust  in  the  Lord  with  all  our  heart, 
and  not  lean  to  our  own  understanding/' 

Offer  up  therefore  your  daily  requests  to  God,  the  Fa- 
ther of  lights,  that  he  would  bless  all  your  attempts  and 
labors  in  reading,  stud}',  and  conversation.  Implore  con- 
stantly his  grace  to  direct  your  inclination  to  proper 
studies,  and  to  fix  your  heart  there.  He  can  keep  off 
temptations  on  the  right  hand  and  on  the  left.  He  can 
guard  your  understanding  from  error,  and  secure  you 
from  the  danger  of  evil  books  and  evil  men,  that  might 
otherwise  have  a  fatal  effect,  and  lead  you  into  perni- 
cious mistakes. 

To  conclude,  let  industry  and  devotion  join  together, 
and  you  need  not  doubt  a  happy  result.  "  Incline  thine 
ear  unto  wisdom,  apply  thy  heart  to  understanding;  cry 
after  knowledge,  and  lift  up  thy  voice  ;  seek  her  as  sil- 
ver, and  search  for  her  as  for  hidden  treasures  :  then 
shalt  thou  understand  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  and  find  the 
knowledge  of  God  ;  for  the  Lord  giveth  wisdom  ;  out  of 
his  mouth  cometh  knowledge  and  understanding." 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  33 

Have  a  care  of,  abstain  from,  be  cautious  of. 

Momentous,  weighty,  of  great  consequence. 

Spell  awful,  witty,  maintain,  vicious,  own,  only,  con- 
ceit. 

.Bias,  incline,  cause  to  lean,  that  which  inclines  a  per- 
son. 

Pass  a  low  esteem,  place  a  low  value. 

Frame  of  spirit,  state  of  mind,  state  of  feeling. 

.Indulgence,  gratification. 

.Debases,  makes  base,  brings  low,  sinks,  degrades. 

Perverts,  turns  aside,  warps,  distorts,  corrupts. 

Sensuality,  excessive  indulgence  in  the  pleasures  of 
sense. 

Vain  conceit,  too  high  an  opinion. 

-Reason,  mental  faculties,  the  power  by  which  man 
deduces  one  proposition  from  another,  cause,  prin- 
ciple, argument,  ground  of  persuasion,  rational  ac- 
count. 

Divine  aid,  assistance  of  God. 

Spell  knowledge,  intellectual,  virtuous. 

Blessing,  success,  favor  of  God,  benediction. 

The  wisest  of  men.    To  whom  is  reference  here  made  ? 

With  all  our  heart,  entirely,  without  reserve. 

-Lean,  trust,  rely  upon,  incline  to  one  side. 

Implore  his  grace,  pray  for  his  favor,  ask  him  to  in- 
fluence your  feelings. 

.Proper,  fit,  suitable,  appropriate. 

Fatal,  deadly,  causing  destruction,  necessary,  inevit- 
able. 

Secure,  defend.     Change  it  into  an  adverb. 

.Otherwise,  without  his  aid. 

.Pernicious,  per-nish'us,  destructive. 

Spell  proper,  studies,  off,  evil,  pernicious,  doubt. 

Heart,  the  vital  part,  the  inner  part,  courage,  aftec- 
tion. 

Spell  join,  devotion,  doubt,  heart,  voice,  understand- 
ing, knowledge. 

.Industry,  In'dus-tre,  assiduity,  diligence. 

Need  not,  have  no  cause  to. 

Seek  her  :  See  Personification  in  the  Appendix, 


34  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

LESSON  V. 

Of  Books  and  Reading. — ABRIDGED  FROM  WATTS. 

The  world  is  full  of  Books ;  but  there  are  multitudes 
which  are  so  ill  written,  that  they  are  never  worth  any 
man's  reading.  Others  may  be  valuable  in  theaiselves, 
for  some  special  purpose,  or  in  some  peculiar  science ; 
but  are  not  fit  to  be  perused  by  any  but  those  who  arc 
engaged  in  the  particular  science  or  business.  It  is 
therefore  of  vast  advantage  for  improvement  of  know- 
ledge and  saving  time,  for  a  young  man  to  have  the  most 
proper  hooks  for  his  reading  recommended  by  a  judici- 
ous friend. 

I  would  advise  that  the  preface  of  a  book  be  read, 
and  a  survey  taken  of  the  table  of  contents,  if  there  be 
one,  before  the  first  perusal  of  the  book.  By  this  means 
you  will  learn  with  more  ease  and  readiness  what  the 
author  undertakes  to  teach.  In  your  reading,  mark 
what  is  new,  or  unknown  to  you  before  ;  and  review 
those  chapters,  pages,  or  paragraphs.  Unless  a  reader 
has  an  uncommon  and  most  retentive  memory,  I  may 
venture  to  affirm,  that  there  is  scarce  any  book  or  chap- 
ter worth  reading  once,  that  is  not  worthy  of  a  second 
perusal; — at  least,  to  take  a  careful  review  of  all  the 
lines  or  paragraphs  which  you  marked,  and  of  the  sec- 
tions which  you  thought  most  valuable. 

If  three  or  four  persons  agree  to  read  the  same  book, 
and  each  bring  his  own  remarks  upon  it  at  some  set 
hours  appointed  for  conversation,  and  they  comniianicate 
mutually  their  sentiments  on  the  subject,  and  debate 
about  it  in  a  friendly  manner,  this  practice  will  render 
the  reading  of  any  author  more  beneficial  to  them  all, 

If  several  persons  engaged  in  the  same  study,  take 
into  their  hands  distinct  treatises  on  one  subject,  and 
appoint  a  season  of  communication  once  a  week,  they 
may  inform  each  other  in  a  brief  manner  concerning 
the  sense,  sentiments,  and  method  of  those  several  au- 
thors, and  thereby  promote  each  other's  improvement, 
either  by  recommending  the  perusal  of  the  same  book 
to  their  companions,  or  perhaps  by  satisfying  their  in*- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  35 

Spell  written,  purpose,  perused,  abridged. 

Worth,  wur£/j,  deserving  of. 

•Special,  spesh'al,  peculiar,  select,  uncommon. 

Business,  blz'nes,  employment,  pursuit. 

Change  engage  into  a  noun.     A  MS.  Engagement. 
Change  improvement  into  a  verb. 

*'  Proper"  is  a.  primitive  word  :  what  adverb  is  deriv- 
ed from  it  ? 

Spell  recommended,  survey,  beneficial,  brief. 

Judicious,  prudent,  wise,  skilful,  having  a  good  judg- 
ment. 

Is  judiciously  a  primitive,  or  a  derivative  word  ? 
From  what  is  it  derived  1 

Preface,  preff  as,  something  introductory  to  the  main 
design. 

Table  of  Contents,  a  table  exhibiting  the  titles  of  the 
chapters,  &c.  of  a  book  in  the  order  in  which  they 
are  actually  arranged. 

Means.  Is  this  form  of  the  word  used  in  the  singular 
number?  What  is  the  singular  form  ?  Vary  it. 

Paragraphs,  divisions  of  a  chapter,  &c.  marking  a 
greater  pause  than  at  a  period.  Show  the  extent 
of  a  paragraph  in  the  book. 

Is  scarce  a  primitive,  or  derivative  ?  What  adverb  is 
derived  from  it  1 

Affirm,  say,  assert  confidently,  declare  solemnly. 

Sections,  divisions  in  a  book,  usually  intermediate  be- 
tween a  chapter  and  a  paragraph. 

Change  agree  into  a  noun.  \V  hich  is  the  primitive  ? 
which  the  derivative  ? 

Mutually,  reciprocally,  in  return,  to  one  another. 

Change  mutually  into  an  adjective.  From  what  is 
mutually  derived  ? 

Debate,  discuss  by  argument,  dispute,  contest. 

Author,  aw'thur,  the  writer  of  a  book,  he  that  effects 
or  produces  any  thing.  The  word  author  is  here 
put  for  his  work.  By  what  figure  ?  Answer,  Me- 
tonymy, 

What  is  distinct  ?     What  is  distinctly  1 

What  noun  is  derived  from  appoint  ? 

Is  improvement  a  primitive,  or  a  derivative  ?  Why 
is  it  so  called  ? 


36  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

quiries  concerning  it  by  conversation,  without  every 
one's  ''erasing  it. 

Remember  that  your  business  in  reading  or  in  con- 
versation, is  not  merely  to  know  the  opinion  of  the  au- 
thor or  speaker,  but  to  consider  whether  that  opinion  is 
correct  or  not,  and  to  increase  your  own  knowledge  on 
the  subject.  Deal  freely  With  every  author  you  read, 
and  yield  your  assent  only  to  evidence  and  just  reason- 
ing. 

If  a  writer  maintains  the  same  sentiments  on  a  sub- 
ject as  you  do,  yet  dees  not  explain  his  ideas  or  prove 
his  positions  well^  mark  the  faults  or  defects,  and  en- 
deavor to  do  it  better,  either  in  the  margin  of  your 
boi  k,  or  rather  in  some  papers  of  your  own,  or  at  least 
in  your  private  meditations.  Where  the  author  is  ob- 
scure, enlighten  him  ;  where  he  is  imperfect,  supply  his 
deficiencies  ;  where  he  is  too  brief  and  concise,  amplify 
a  little,  and  set  the  subject  in  a  fairer  view  ;  where  he 
is  redundant,  mark  those  paragraphs  to  be  retrenched  ; 
where  he  trifles  arid  grows  impertinent,  abandon  those 
passages  or  pages  ;  where  he  argues,  observe  w  he. her 
his  reasons  are  conclusive  ;  if  the  conclusion  is  true, 
and  yet  the  argument  weak,  endeavor  to  confirm  it  by 
better  proofs;  where  he  derives  any  inference  darkly 
or  doubtfully,  make  the  justness  of  the  inference  ap- 
pear, and  add  further  inferences,  if  such  occur  to  your 
nmid  ;  where  you  suppose  he  is  in  a  mistake,  propose 
y<  ur  objections  arid  correct  his  sentiments ;  what  he 
W'  ites  so  well  as  to  approve  itself  to  your  judgment,  both 
a*  just  and  useful,  treasure  it  up  in  your  memory,  as  a 
part  of  your  intellectual  gains. 

If  the  method  of  a  book  is  irregular,  reduce  it  into 
form  by  a  little  analysis  of  your  own,  or  by  hints  in  the 
margin;  if  those  things  are  heaped  together,  which 
should  be  separated,  you  may  distinguish  and  divide 
them  ;  if  several  things  relating  to  the  same  subject  are 
scattered  up  and  down  through  the  treatise,  you  may 
bring  them  all  into  one  vtew  by  references;  or  if  the 
matter  of  a  book  is  really  valuable  and  deserving,  you 
may  tfyrow  it  into  a  better  method,  or  reduce  it  to  a  bet- 
ter form  by  abridgment.  All  these  practises  will  have  a 
tendency  to  advance  your  skill,  to  improve  your  judg- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  37 

Inquiries,  in-kwi'riz.     Concise,  kon-sise. 
Is  merely  a  primitive,   or   a  derivative  ? — an  adjec- 
tive, or  an  adverb  ? 

Opinion,  6-pm'  yun,  persuasion^  judgment. 
What  is  freely  1     From  what  is  it  derived  1 
Spell  freely,  yield,  endeavor,    private. 
Yield  your  assent,  concede,  agree  to. 
Maintains,  supports,  holds,  provides  with  the  means 

of  subsistence. 

Prove,  proov,  show  by  reasoning  or  testimony. 
Positions,  situations,  principles  laid  down. 
Margin,  border,  brink,  edge,    verge.     Show  it   in  a 

book. 
Obscure,   dark,  not  easy  to  be  understood,  not  much 

known. 

Enlighten,  give  light  to,  explain,  illustrate. 
Spell  deficiencies,  concise,  passages,  argues. 
Amplify,  enlarge,  exaggerate,  expatiate. 
Redundant,  exuberant,  superfluous,  superabundant. 
Retrenched,  cut  off,  pared  away,  confined. 
Change  retrench  into  a  noun.     Which   is  the  deriva- 
tive ? 
Impertinent,  not  to  the  purpose,  meddling,   foolish, 

trifling. 

Abandon,  give  up,  resign,  quit,  desert,  neglect. 
Change  abandon  into  a  noun.     Which  is  the  primi- 
tive ? 

Change  argue  into  a  noun.     What  letter  is  dropped  1 
Are  conclusive,  prove  what  he  intends. 
Spell  conclusive,  argument,  inference,  add. 
What  is  darkly  1     What  is  dark  ?  N 
What  is  judgment  ?     From  what  is  it  derived  ? 
Memory,  mem'  mur-e,  the  faculty  of  recalling  or  re- 
taining things  past.     To  what  is  it  here  compared  1 
Analysis,  a  separation   into  constituent  parts  or  first 

principles. 

Spell  separated,  treatise,  references,  excellencies. 
Treatise,  written  discourse,  Discussion. 
Distinguish,  mark  or  point  out  the  difference,  discern. 
Change  abridgment  into  a  verb.     Which  is  the  de- 
rivative ? 

Throw,  dispose  of,  send  to  a  distance,  reject, 
4 


38  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

ment,  and  to  give  you  a  fuller  survey  of  that  particular 
subject. 

If  a  book  has  no  index  to  it,  or  good  table  of  contents, 
it  is  very  useful  to  make  one  as  you  are  reading  it. 

If  the  writer  has  any  peculiar  excellencies  or  defects 
in  his  style  or  manner  of  writing,  make  your  remarks 
upon  these  also. 

These  methods  of  reading  will  cost  some  pains  in  the 
first  years  of  your  study,  and  especially  in  the  first  au- 
thors you  peruse  on  any  particular  subject ;  but  the  prof- 
it will  richly  compensate  the  pains.  One  book  read  in 
this  manner,  will  tend  more  to  enrich  your  understand- 
ing, than  skimming  over  the  surface  of  twenty  authors. 
And  in  the  following  years  of  life,  after  you  have  read  a 
few  valuable  books  on  any  subject,  it  will  be  very  easy 
to  read  others  of  the  same  kind,  because  you  will  not 
usually  find  much  in  them  that  will  be  new  to  you. 

By  perusing  books  in  the  manner  I  have  described, 
you  will  make  all  your  reading  subservient,  not  only  to 
the  enlargement  of  your  treasures  of  knowledge,  but 
also  to  the  improvement  of  your  reasoning  powers. 

Always  read  with  a  design  to  lay  your  mind  open  to  truth 
and  to  embrace  it  wherever  you  find  it,  as  well  as  to  re- 
ject every  falsehood,  though  it  appear  under  ever  so  fair 
a  disguise.  How  unhappy  are  those  men,  who  seldom 
take  an  author  into  their  hands,  but  they  have  determin- 
ed before  they  begin,  whether  they  will  like  or  dislike 
him. 

What  I  have  said  hitherto  on  this  subject,  must  be 
chiefly  understood  of  books  designed  to  improve  the 
intellectual  powers.  As  for  those  which  are  written  to 
direct  our  practice,  there  is  one  thing  further  necessary; 
and  it  is,  that  when  we  are  convinced  that  these  rules  of 
prudence  or  duty  belong  to  us,  and  require  our  conform- 
ity to  them,  we  should  call  ourselves  to  account,  and  in- 
quire seriously  whether  we  have  put  them  in  practice  or 
not ;  we  should  dwell  upon  the  arguments,  and  impress 
the  motives  and  methods  of  persuasion  upon  our  own 
hearts,  till  we  feel  the  force  and  power  of  them  inclining 
us  to  the  practice  of  the  things  which  are  there  recom- 
mended. 

If  folly  or  vice  be  represented  in  its  open  colors,  or 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  39 

-Survey,  sur-va',  view,  prospect,  to  have  under  the 
view,  to  overlook,  to  oversee,  as  one  in  authority, 
to  measure  land. 

Index,  a  table  exhibiting  the  subjects  treated  in  a 
book,  arranged  in  alphabetical  order.  See  "table 
of  contents,"  explained  above. 

Spell  style,  profit,  skim,  skimming. 

Manner,  man'nur.     Compensate,  kom-pen'-sate. 

Will  cost,  will  subject  you  to. 

Pains,  efforts,  care,  anxiety,  labor,  toil,  punishment 
threatened,  penalty. 

Spell  profit,  advantage,  gain,  improvement,  proficien- 
cy ; — prophet,  one  inspired  to  foretel  future  events, 
one  of  the  sacred  writers. 

Compensate,  recompense,  repay,  counterbalance. 

Surface,  sur'-fas,  outside,  superfices. 

Usually,  commonly.  Is  it  a  primitive  or  derivative  ? 
From  what  is  it  derived  ?  What  are  some  other  of 
its  derivatives  ? 

Subservient,  conducive,  subordinate,  instrumentally 
useful. 

Is  enlargement  a  primitive  or  a  derivative  1  From  what 
is  it  derived  ? 

Treasures,  trezh'  urz,  things  laid  up,  riches  accumu- 
lated. 

Improvement,  advancement  of. 

Spell  wherever,  falsehood,  chiefly,  designed,  neces- 
sary. 

.Disguise,  dress  designed  to  conceal,  counterfeit  show. 

What  class  of  readers  are  here  denominated  unhap- 
py? Why  ?  What  name  is  commonly  given  to  that 
previous  determination  which  is  here  censured? 
How  does  prejudice  operate  as  an  obstacle  to  im- 
provement ?  Is  this  unhappiness  their  misfortune 
merely,  or  their  crime  ? 

Intellectual  powers,  mental  powers  not  belonging  to 
the  heart  or  will. 

Of  what  class  of  books  must  these  directions  be  un- 
derstood 1  What  further  direction  is  given  in  re- 
gard to  practical  treatises  ? 

Spell  persuasion,  colors,  criminal,  wrought. 

Hearts  and  lives,  feelings  and  actions. 


40  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

its  secret  disguises,  let  us  search  our  hearts  and  review 
our  lives,  and  inquire  how  far  we  are  criminal.  Nor 
should  we  ever  think  we  have  done  with  the  treatise, 
till  we  feel  ourselves  in  sorrow  for  our  past  misconduct, 
and  aspiring  after  a  victory  over  those  vices,  or  till  we 
find  a  cure  of  those  follies  begin  to  be  wrought  upon  our 
souls. 

In  all  our  studies  and  pursuits  of  knowledge  let  us 
remember  that  virtue  and  vice, -sin  and  holiness,  and  the 
conformity  of  our  hearts  and  lives  to  the  duties  of  true 
religion  and  morality,  are  things  of  far  more  conse- 
quence than  all  the  furniture  of  our  understanding,  and 
the  richest  treasures  of  mere  speculative  knowledge. 


LESSON  VL 

Studies. — LORD  BACON* 

Studies  serve  for  delight,  for  ornament,  and  for  abil- 
ity. Their  chief  use  for  delight,  is  in  privateness  and 
retiring ;  for  ornament,  is  in  discourse ;  and  for  ability, 
is  in  the  judgment  and  disposition  of  business  ;  for  ex- 
pert men  can  execute*  and  perhaps  judge  of  particulars, 
one  by  one  ;  but  the  general  counsels,  and  the  plots- and 
marshalling  of  affairs  come  best  from  those  that  are 
learned.  To  spend  too  much  time  in  studies,  is  sloth  ; 
to  use  them  too  much  for  ornament,  is  affectation  ;  to 
make  judgment  wholly  by  their  rules,  is  the  humor  of  a 
scholar.  They  perfect  nature,  and  are  perfected  by  ex- 
perience ;  for  natural  abilities  are  like  natural  plants, 
that  need  pruning  by  study  ;  and  studies  themselves  do 
give  forth  directions  too  much  at  large,  except  they  be 
bounded  in  by  experience.  Crafty  men  contemn  studies, 
simple  men  admire  them,  and  wise  men  use  them  ;  for 
they  teach  not  their  own  use  ;  but  that  is  a  wisdom 
without  them,  and  above  them  won  by  observation. 
Read  not  to  contradict  and  confute,  nor  to  believe  and 
take  for  granted,  nor  to  find  talk  and  discourse,  but  to 
weigh  and  consider.  Some  books  are  to  be  tasted,  oth- 
ers to  be  swallowed,  and  some  few  to  be  chewed  and  di- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  4! 

souls,  pursuits,  furniture. 
How  may  some  verbs  be  changed  into  nouns  ? 
What  three  verbs,  in  adding  ment,  drop  final  e  1 
Into  what   can  a  noun  ending  in  ment  be  changed  1 
How  1     Give  an  example. 


Studies,  learning,  attention  to  books. 

Ornament,  embellishment,  splendor,  elegance. 

Privateness,  retirement,  solitude. 

Change  privateness  into  an  adjective.     Ans.  Private. 

-Disposition,  arrangement,  temper,  from  dispose. 

Change  judgment  into  a  verb. 

Expert,  ready,  dexterous,  having  had  experience. 

Change  business  into  an   adjective.     What  letter  is 

changed  ? 

-.Marshalling,  arranging,  leading.     From  what  is  the 
figure  taken  ? 

Change  judge  into  a  noun. 
-.Plots,  plans,  schemes,  designs,  meditates. 

Sloth,  sio^A,  laziness,  tardiness,  animal  of  very  slow 
motion. 

.Affectation,  from  affect,  act  of  making  an  artificial 
appearance. 

Wholly,  from  what  is  it  derived  1  What  is  "  whole  ?" 

-Humor,  whim,  freak,  moisture,  practice,  trick. 

Natural  abilities,    abilities  not  acquired,  original  en- 
dowments. 

Pruning,  trimming,  lopping,  divesting  trees  of  their 
superfluities. 

What  is  the  image  referred  to  in  that  expression  1 

.Bounded,  hedged,  limited,  confined. 

Crafty,  cunning,  dexterous,  sagacious,  from  craft. 

Contemn,  despise,  disregard,  treat  with  contumely. 

Wise.    What  adverb  is  derived  from  it  ? 

Use  them,  profit  by  them,  are  benefited  by  them. 

Won,  obtained,  gained  by  contest. 

Confute,  disprove,  convict  of  error. 
-Weigh,  ponder  on,  reflect,  ascertain  the  weight. 

Tasted.     What  are  books  represented  to  be  here  ? 

Digested,  concocted  in  the  stomach,  to  range  method- 
ically. 

4* 


42  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

gested ;  that  is,  some  books  are  to  be  read  only  in  parts  - 
others  to  be  read,  but  not  curiously,  and  some  few  to  be 
read  wholly,  and  with  diligence  and  attention.  Some 
books  also  may  be  read  by  deputy,  and  extracts  mode  of 
them  by  others  ;  but  that  would  be  only  in  the  less  im- 
portant arguments,  and  the  meaner  sort  of  books,  else 
distilled  books  are,  like  common  distilled  waters,  flashy 
things.  Reading  maketh  a  full  man  ;  conference,  a  ready 
man  ;  and  writing,  an  exact  man  ;  and,  therefore,  if  a 
man  write  little,  he  had  need  have  a  great  memory ;  if 
he  confer  little,  he  had  need  have  a  present  wit ;  and  if 
he  read  little,  he  had  need  have  much  cunning,  to  seem 
to  know  that  he  doth  not.  Histories  make  men  wise  ; 
poets  witty  ;  the  mathematics  subtile  ;  natural  philoso- 
phy deep ;  morals  grave ;  logic  and  rhetoric  able  to 
contend ;  nay,  there  is  no  stand  or  impediment  in  the 
wit,  but  may  be  wrought  out  by  fit  studies  ;  like  as  dis- 
eases of  the  body  may  have  appropriate  exercises ;  walk- 
ing is  good  for  the  stone  and  reins  ;  shooting  for  the 
lungs  and  breast;  gentle  walking  for  the  stomach;  ri- 
ding for  the  head,  and  the  like ;  so  if  a  man's  wits  be 
wandering,  let  him  study  the  mathematics ;  for,  in  de- 
monstrations, if  his  wit  be  called  away  never  so  little, 
he  must  begin  again  ;  if  his  wit  be  not  apt  to  distinguish 
or  find  differences,  let  him  study  the  schoolmen  ;  if  he 
be  not  apt  to  beat  over  matters,  and  to  call  upon  one 
thing  to  prove  and  illustrate  another,  let  him  study  the 
lawyers'  cases  ;  so  every  defect  of  the  mind  may  have  a 
special  receipt. 


LESSON  VII. 

Life  of  a  Looking  Glass. — JANE  TAYLOR. 
It  being  very  much  the  custom,  as  I  am  informed, 
even  for  obscure  individuals,  to  furnish  some  account  of 
themselves,  for  the  edification  of  the  public,  I  hope  I 
shall  not  be  deemed  impertinent  for  calling  your  atten- 
tion to  a  few  particulars  of  my  own  history.  I  cannot, 
indeed,  boast  of  any  very  extraordinary  incidents  ;  but 
having,  during  the  course  of  a  long  Hfe,  had  much  lei- 
sure and  opportunity  for  observation,  and  being  natu- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  43 

Curiously,  inquisitively,  attentively,  from  curious. 

Deputy,  one  who  acts  for  another,  viceroy, 

Extracts,  selections,  detached  pieces. 

Arguments,  reasons,  topics,  sentiments. 

Distilled,  forced  by  fire  through  vessels  of  distillation. 

How  does  this  figure  treat  books  1 

Change  full  into  a  noun.     Ans.  Fullness. 

Change  ready  into  an  adverb.  What  letter  is  changed  1 

Exact,  precise,  careful,  always  right. 

Change  exact  into  a  noun — into  an  adverb. 

Confer,  converse  with -others,  hold  conference. 

What  noun  is  derived  from  great  1  What  adverb  ? 

Wit,  mental  faculties,  quickness  of  fancy. 

Cunning,  sagacity,  shrewdness,  dexterity. 

Mathematics,  science  of  numbers. 

Subtile,  sub'til,  thin,  fine,  acute,  artful,  sly. 
-Deep,  profound,  abstract,  of  great  depth. 

Morals,  treatises  on  serious  and  religious  subjects. 
-Grave,  sober,  sedate,  solemn,  charnel-house. 

Logic,  art  of  reasoning,  reason. 

Rhetoric,  art  of  speaking,  eloquence. 

Impediment,  hindrance,  obstacle,  from  impede. 

Bowling,  playing  at  bowls,  rolling  round  masses  along. 

Wandering,  what  is  wit  likened  to,  here  ? 

Demonstrations,  processes  of  reasoning,  irresistible  ev- 
idences. 

Schoolmen,  those  skilled  in  the  divinity  of  the  old 
schools. 

Illustrate,  make  light,  show  plain. 

-.Receipt,  prescription  of  ingredients  for  a  cure,  writing 
given. 

How  are  some  adjectives  changed  into  nouns  ? 

When  the  adjective  ends  in  y,  what  is  done  1 

What  is  a  fable  ?  How  does  it  differ  from  an  allegory  ? 
See  Appendix. 

Informed,  instructed,  apprised,  certified. 

Change  obscure  into  a  noun.     Ans.  Obscurely. 

.Account,  ak-kount',  memoirs,  biography,  history. 

Impertinent,  im-per'te-nent,  intrusive,  out  of  place. 

Particulars,  sketches,  circumstances,  notices. 

During  the  course  of,  in  the  progress  of,  throughout. 

Leisure,  le'zhur,  freedom  from  business,  vacant  hours. 


44  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

rally  of  a  reflecting  cast,  I  thought  it  might  be  in  my 
power  to  oft'er  some  remarks  that  may  not  be  wholly  un- 
profitable to  your  readers. 

My  earliest  recollection  is  that  of  a  carver  and  gild- 
er's shop,  where  I  remained  for  many  months,  It- amng 
with  my  face  to  the  wall ;  and,  having  never  known  any 
livelier  scene,  I  was  very  well  contented  with  my  quiet 
condition.  The  first  object  that  I  remember  to  have  ar- 
rested my  attention,  was,  what  I  now  believe,  must  have 
been  a  large  spider;  which,  alter  a  vast  deal  of  scam- 
pering about,  began,  very  deliberately,  to  weave  a  curi- 
ous web  ail  over  my  face.  This  afforded  me  great  amuse- 
ment ;  and,  not  then  knowing  what  far  lovelier  objects 
were  destined  to  my  gaze,  I  did  not  resent  the  indig- 
nity. 

At  length  when  little  dreaming  of  any  change  of  for- 
tune, I  felt  myself  suddenly  removed  from  my  station  ; 
and  immediately  afterwards  underwent  a  curious  ope- 
ration, which,  at  the  time,  gave  me  considerable  appre- 
hensions for  my  safety ;  but  these  were  succeeded  by 
pleasure,  upon  finding  myself  arrayed  in  a  broad  black 
frame,  handsomely  carved  and  gilt ;  for  you  will  please 
to  observe,  that  the  period  of  which  I  am  now  speaking, 
was  upwards  of  fourscore  years  ago.  This  process  be- 
ing finished,  I  was  presently  placed  in  the  shop  win- 
dow, with  my  face  to  the  street ;  which  was  one  of  the 
most  public  in  the  city.  Here  iny  attention  was  at  first 
distracted  by  the  constant  succession  of  objects,  that 
passed  before  me.  But  it  was  not  long  before  I  began 
to  remark  the  considerable  degree  of  attention  I  myself 
excited ;  and  how  much  I  was  distinguished,  in  this  res- 
pect, from  the  other  articles,  my  neighbors,  in  the  shop- 
window.  I  observed,  that  passengers,  who  appeared  to 
be  posting  away  upon  urgent  business,  would  often 
turn  and  give  me  a  friendly  glance  as  they  passed.  But 
I  was  particularly  gratified  to  observe,  that  while  the 
old,  the  shabby,  and  the  wretched,  seldom  took  any  no- 
tice of  me,  the  young,  the  gay,  and  the  handsome,  gen- 
erally paid  me  this  compliment ;  and  that  these  good- 
looking  people  always  seemed  best  pleased  with  me; 
which  I  attributed  to  their  superior  discernment.  I  well 
remember  one  young  lady,  who  used  to  pass  my  master's 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  45 

Reflecting.     What  two  ideas   are  communicated  by 
the  word  1 

In  my  power,  within  the  compass  of  my  ability. 

-Carver,  sculptor,   one  who  works  in   wood,  one  who 
cuts  up  meat. 

Gilder's,  one  who  lays  gold  on  the  surface  of  any  other 
body. 

Change  quiet  into  an  adverb — into  a  noun. 

Arrested,  seized,  engaged,  attracted. 

Scampering,  running  with  speed,  flying  precipitately. 

About,  a-bdut',  around,  backwards  and  forwards. 

.Deliberately,  carefully,  not  rashly. 

Change  amusement  into  a  verb. 

What  are  intended  by  lovelier  objects  ? 

Indignity,  insult,  outrage,  thing  unworthy  of  me. 

-Little,  small,  diminutive,  scarcely. 

-Apprehensions,  fears,  alarms,  arrests,  sei/ures. 

Change  safety  into  an  adjective.     Ans.  safe. 

-Arrayed,  dressed  out,  drawn  up  in  order  of  battle. 

-Handsomely.     From  what,  derived  1  Name  other  de- 
rivatives. 

-Period,  full  stop,  end,  time,  continuance. 

Four  score.     How  many  years  is  fourscore  ? 

What  process  is  here  referred  to  ? 

Window,  win'-do,  aperture  for  the  admission  of  light 
and  air. 

-Public,  community,  travelled,  frequented. 

Succession,  variety,  series,  following  one  another. 

-Remark,  observation,  saying,  notice,  regard. 

-Degree,  quality,  measure,  academical  distinction. 

-Respect,  particular,  honor,  attention,  esteem. 

-Articles,  goods,  part  of  speech,  the  several  clauses  of 
a  treaty. 

-Posting,  registering,  hastening,  fixing  to  a  post. 

Who  did  not  stop  to  examine  the  glass  ? 

Why  did  the  young,  gay  and  handsome  stop  ? 

Change  gay  into  a  noun — into  an  adverb. 

Who  seemed  best  pleased  with  the  glass  ? 

Is  discernment  a  primitive,  or  derivative  ? 

Change  superior  into  a  noun.  Which  is  the  primitive 

-Well,  in  health,  excavation,  distinctly. 

-Used,  was  wont,  made  use  of,  occupied. 


46  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

shop  regularly  every  morning  in  her  way  to  school,  and 
who  never  omitted  to  turn  her  head  to  look  at  me,  as 
she  went  by;  so  that  at  last,  we  became  well  acquaint- 
ed with  each  other.  I  must  confess,  that  at  this  period 
of  my  life,  I  was  in  great  danger  of  becoming  insuffera- 
bly vain,  from  the  regards,  that  were  paid  me  ;  and, 
perhaps,  I  am  not  the  only  individual,  who  has  formed 
mistaken  notions  of  the  attentions  he  receives  in  society. 

My  vanity,  however,  received  a  considerable  check 
from  one  circumstance  ;  ner.rly  all  the  goods  by  which 
I  was  surrounded  in  the  shop  window  (though  many  ef 
them  much  more  homely  in  their  structure,  and  hum- 
bler in  their  destinations)  were  disposed  of  sooner  than 
myself.  I  had  the  mortification  of  seeing  one  after  an- 
other bargained  for  and  sent  away,  while  I  remained, 
month  after  month,  without  a  purchaser.  At  last,  how- 
ever, a  gentleman  and  lady  from  the  country,  (who  had 
been  standing  sometime  in  the  street,  inspecting,  and, 
as  I  perceived,  conversing  about  me,)  walked  into  the 
shop ;  and  after  some  altercation  with  iny  master, 
agreed  to  purchase  me  ;  upon  which,  I  was  packed  up, 
and  sent  off.  I  was  very  curious,  you  may  suppose,  up- 
on arriving  at  my  new  quarters,  to  see  what  kind  of  a 
life  I  was  likely  to  lead.  I  remained,  however,  some- 
time unmolested  in  my  packing  case,  and  very  flat  I  felt 
there.  Upon  being,  at  last,  unpacked,  I  found  myself 
in  the  hall  of  a  large  lone  house  in  the  country.  My 
master  and  mistress,  I  soon  learned,  were  new  married 
people,  just  setting  up  house-keeping ;  and  I  was  in- 
tended to  decorate  their  best  parlor,  to  which  I  was 
presently  conveyed;  and  after  some  little  discussion  be- 
tween them  in  fixing  my  longitude  and  latitude,  I  was 
hung  up  opposite  the  fire-place,  in  an  angle  of  ten  de- 
grees from  the  wall,  according  to  the  fashion  of  those 
times. 

And  there  I  hung,  year  after  year,  almost  in  perpet- 
ual solitude.  My  master  and  mistress  were  sober,  reg- 
ular old  fashioned  people ;  they  saw  no  company  except 
at  fair  time  and  Christmas  day  ;  on  which  occasion  on- 
ly, they  occupied  the  best  parlor.  My  countenance 
used  to  brighten  np,  when  I  saw  the  annual  fire  kindled 
in  that  ample  grate ; — and  when  a  cheerful  circle  of 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  47 

.Regularly,  reg'ii-lar-le.     Change  it  into  a  noun. 

.Insufferably,  beyond  endurance,  intolerably. 

Change  vain  into  an  adverb — into  a  rioim. 

Why  was  the  looking  glass  in  danger  of  becoming 
vain  ? 

What  instruction  can  you  gain  from  this  ? 

-Regards,  respects,  compliments,  attentions,  considers. 

Notions,  ideas,  fancies,  musings,  thoughts,  opinions. 

Change  vanity  into  an  adjective.  Which  is  the  de- 
rivative ? 

-Check,  hinder,  repulse,  hindrance,  stop. 

Goods,  articles  of  merchandize,  things  for  sale. 

Homely,  unhandsome,  plain,  domestic. 

Change  humble  into  a  noun  ending  in  ty. 

Destinations,  anticipated  uses. 

Disposed  of,  sold,  taken  from  the  owner's  hands. 

-Mortification,  chagrin,  vexation,  gangrene. 

Without,  wiTH-out'.  Of  what  is  the  word  compounded  ? 

Inspecting,  examining,  looking  at  attentively. 

Altercation,  al-tur-ka/shun,  debate,  controversy. 

Agreed,  concluded,  bargained. 

Change  agree  into  a  noun. 

Upon  my  arriving  at,  when  I  came  to,  on  reaching. 

-Case,  instance,  example,  condition,  covering,  box, 
variation  of  nouns. 

Flat.     What  double  meaning  has  this  word  1 

Hall,  court  of  justice,  large  room  of  a  house. 

Setting  up,  beginning,  commencing. 

-Longitude,  length,  position  in  regard  to  length,  dis- 
tance from  a  meridian. 

Latitude,  breadth,  position  in  regard  to  breadth,  dis- 
tance from  the  equator. 

-Angle,  corner,  inclination.     See  Angle  in  the  A  pp. 

Old-fashioned.  What  is  the  derivation  of  this  phrase  ? 

Fair-time,  country  market,  stated  meeting  of  buyers 
and  sellers. 

Christinas,  from  Christ,  anniversary  of  our  Savior's 
birth. 

Countenance^  koun'te-nanse. 

-Grate,  enclosure  made  with  bars,  the  range  of  bars 
within  which  fires  are  made. 

-Circle,  social  company,  round  figure,  to  surround. 


48  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

country  cousins  assembled  round  it.  At  those  times  I 
always  got  a  little  notice  from  the  young  folks;  but 
those  festivities  over,  and  I  was  condemned  to  another 
half  year  of  loneliness.  How  familiar  to  my  recollec- 
tion at  this  hour,  is  that  large,  old  fashioned  parlor !  I 
can  remember,  as  well  as  if  I  had  seen  them  but  yester- 
day, the  noble  flowers  on  the  crimson  damask  chair 
covers  and  window  curtains ;  and  those  curiously  carv- 
ed tables  and  chairs.  I  could  describe  every  one  of  the 
stories  on  the  Dutch  tiles  that  surrounded  the  grate  ; 
the  rich  china  ornaments  on  the  wide  mantle-piece ;  and 
the  pattern  of  the  paper  hangings,  which  consisted  al- 
ternately of  a  parrot,  a  poppy,  and  a  shepherdess, — a 
parrot,  a  poppy  arid  a  shepherdess. 

The  room  being  a  little  used,  the  window  shutters 
were  rarely  opened  ;  but  there  were  three  holes  cut  in 
each,  in  the  shape  of  a  heart,  through,  which,  day  after 
day,  and  year  after  year,  I  used  to  watch  the  long,  dim, 
dusty,  sunbeams  streaming  across  the  dark  parlor.  I 
should  mention,  however,  that  I  seldom  missed  a  short 
visit  from  my  master  and  mistress  on  a  Sunday  morn- 
ing, when  they  came  down  stairs  ready  dressed  for 
church.  I  can  remember  how  my  mistress  used  to  trot 
in  upon  her  high-heeled  shoes,  unfold  a  leaf  of  one  of 
the  shutters,  then  come  and  stand  straight  before  me ; 
then  turn  half  round  to  the  right  then  to  the  left ;  never  fail- 
ing to  see  if  the  corner  of  her  well  starched  handkerchief 
was  pinned  exactly  in  the  middle.  I  think  I  can  see 
her  now,  in  her  favorite  dove  colored  lustring  (which 
she  wore  every  Sunday  in  every  summer  for  seven  years 
at  least,)  and  her  long  full  ruffles  and  worked  apron. 
Then  followed  my  good  master,  who,  though  his  visit 
was  somewhat  shorter,  never  failed  to  come  and  settle 
his  Sunday  wig  before  me. 


LESSON  VIII. 

The  same,  continued* . 


Time  rolled      away ;    and  my  master   and   mistress, 
with  all    that  appertained  to  them,  insensibly  suffered 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  49 

Folks,  people,  an  old  word  nearly  obsolete. 

Condemned,  given  over,  sentenced,  doomed. 

-Complete,  finished,  perfect,  utter,  entire,  wholly  done. 

Change/OJftt&zr  into  an  adverh — into  a  noun. 

-Noble,  fine  looking,  elegant,  conspicuous. 

Crimson,  red  color  somewhat  darkened  with  blue. 

Damask,  linen  or  silk  woven  in  a  manner  invented  at 
Damascus. 

Carved  tables,  wrought  into  various  figures,  various 
devices  cut  upon  them. 

Dutch,  in  the  manner  of  the  Dutch,  a  people  of  Europe. 

China   ornaments,   earthern  ware,  utensils  made  in 
China. 

China,  a  country  in  Eastern  Asia,  celebrated  for  teas, 
earthern  ware,  &€. 

Paper  hangings,  paper  suspended  round  the  walls  of 
rooms,  window  curtains. 

Parrot,  small   bird,  which  can  imitate  the  sounds  of 
the  human  voice. 

Poppy,  a  garden  plant. 

Shepherdess,  feminine  of  shepherd,  woman  who  takes 
care  of sheep. 

Spell  window-shutters,  mantle-piece,  through. 

-Missed,  lost,  failed  of,  not  recognized. 

Sunbeams.     Of  what  is  this  word  compounded  ? 

Ready  dressed,  all  ready,  wholly  apparelled- 

Church,  house  of  worship,  sanctuary,  society  of  wor- 
shippers. 
-.Straight,  upright,  directly,  exactly. 

Spell  handkerchief,  favorite,  colored,  mistress. 

-Pinned,  fastened  with  a  pin,  driven  through. 

.Dove-colored.     From  what  is  the  phrase  derived  / 

Lustring,  lus'string,  shining  silk. 

-.Ruffles,  article  of  dress,  plaited  linen,  to  put   in  dis- 
order, to  discompose. 

-Worked,  labored,  embroidered,  did  business,  ferment- 
ed. 
-Settle,  establish,  arrange,  put  on  properly,  seat,  bench. 

Time  rolled  away,  time  passed  away.     Whence  the 
allusion  ? 

Appertained  to,  belonged  to,  connected  with. 

Insensibly,  imperceptibly,  by  slow  degrees,  gradually. 


50  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

from  its  influence.  When  I  first  knew  them,  they  were 
a  young,  blooming  couple  as  you  would  wish  to  see  ;  but 
I  gradually  perceived  an  alteration.  My  mistress  began 
to  stoop  a  little  ;  and  my  master  got  a  cough,  which 
troubled  him  more  or  less  to  the  end  of  his  days.  At 
first,  and  for  many  years,  my  mistress'  foot  upon  the 
stairs  was  light  and  nimble;  arid  she  would  come  in  as 
blithe  and  as  brisk  as  a  lark  ;  but  at  last,  it  was  a  slow, 
\\eavy  step  ;  and  even  my  master's  began  to  totter.  And, 
in  these  respects,  every  thing  else  kept  pace  with  them : 
the  crimson  damask  that  I  remembered  so  fresh  and 
bright,  was  now  faded  and  worn  ;  the  dark  polished  ma- 
hogany, was,  in  some  places,  worm-eaten  ;  the  parrot's 
gay  plumage  on  the  walls  grew  dull ;  and  I  myself, 
though  long  unconscious  of  it,  partook  of  the  universal 
decay.  The  dissipated  taste  I  acquired,  upon  my  first 
introduction  to  society,  had  long  since  subsided ;  and 
the  quiet,  sombre  life  I  led,  gave  me  a  grave  meditative 
turn.  The  change  which  I  witnessed  in  all  these  things 
around  me,  caused  me  to  reflect  much  on  their  vanity ; 
and  when,  upon  the  occasions  before  mentioned,  I  used 
to  see  the  gay,  blossoming  faces  of  the  young,  saluting 
me  with  so  much  complacency,  I  would  fain  have  had 
admonished  them  of  the  alteration  they  must  soon  un- 
dergo ;  and  have  told  them  how  certainly  their  bloom 
must  fade  away  as  a  flower.  But,  alas  !  you  know,  Sir, 
looking-glasses  can  only  reflect. 

After  I  remained  in  this  condition,  to  the  best  of  my 
knowledge,  about  five  and  forty  years,  I  suddenly  missed 
my  old  master  ;  he  came  to  visit  me  no  more  ;  and  by 
the  change  in  my  mistress'  apparel,  I  guessed  what 
happened.  Five  years  more  passed  away  ;  and  then  I 
saw  no  more  of  her  !  In  a  short  time  after  this,  several 
rude  strangers  entered  my  room ;  the  long,  rusty  screw, 
which  had  held  me  up  so  many  years,  was  drawn  out ; 
and  I  together  with  all  the  goods  and  chattels  in  the 
Louse,  were  put  up  to  auction  in  that  very  apartment 
which  I  had  so  long  peaceably  occupied.  I  felt  a  great 
deal  hurt  at  the  very  contemptuous  terms  in  which  I  was 
spoken  of,  by  some  of  the  bidders  ;  for,  a*  I  said,  I  was 
not  aware  that  I  had  become  as  old  fashioned  as  my 
poor  old  master  and  mistress.  At  last  I  was  knocked 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  51 

Blooming,  fair,  ruddy,  freshly  appearing.  Whence 
the  allusion  ? 

What  alterations  did  its  master  and  mistress  undergo  ? 

-Got,  obtained,  acquired,  was  attacked  by. 

Blithe,  bliTHe,  gay,  airy,  tripping,  light. 

Lark,  bird,  which  is  out  early  in  the  day,  and  rises 
high. 

What  alteration  in  the  footsteps  of  its  master  and  mis- 
tress 1  What  did  it  betoken  ? 

Kept  pace,  kept  up,  went  on  together. 

What  change  took  place  in  the  crimson  damask  ? 

Mahogany,  a  solid  and  valuable  wood,  native  of  Amer- 
ica. 

Plumage,  feathers.  What  is  the  derivation  of  plumage  1 

-Dull,  sleepy,  stupid,  not  bright,  losing  color. 

Subsided,  grown  less,  left  me.  The  allusion  is  from 
the  settling  of  waters. 

Sombre,  lonely,  melancholy,  lone,  dark. 

Change  grave  intg  a  noun — into  an  adverb. 

.Meditative,  med'e-ta-tiv,  reflecting,  inclined  to  medi- 
tation. 

-Turn,  move  out  of  course,  habit,  inclination,  way. 

-Faces,  countenances,  visages,  meets  in  front,  looks 
in  the  face. 

Fain,  joyfully,  gladly,  with  pleasure. 

Why  is  the  bloom  of  youth  compared  to  a  flower  1 

.Looking-glasses.     Give  the  derivation. 

What  became  of  its  master  ?     Where  had  he  gone  ? 

What  change  took  place  in  the  apparel  of  its  mistress  ? 

What  did  this  change  indicate  ? 

How  many  years,  before  the  looking-glass  lost  its 
mistress  ? 

What  took  place  next  1 

What  became  of  the  looking-glass  next  ? 

Auction,  a  manner  of  sale,  in  which  the  price  of  a 
thing  is  increased  by  persons  bidding  successively, 
one  after  another. 

A  great  deal  hurt,  very  bad,  quite  unpleasantly. 

.Bidders,  persons  who  offered  to  buy  me. 

Knocked  down,  thrown  overpaid  prostrate,  sold,  bid- 
den off. 


52  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

down  for  a  trifling  sum,  and  sent  away  to  a  very  differ- 
ent destination. 

Before  going  home  to  my  new  residence,  I  was  sent 
to  a  workman  to  be  refitted  in  a  new  gih  frame ;  which, 
although  it  completely  modernized  my  appearance,  I 
must  confess,  at  first  set  very  uneasily  upon  me.  And 
now,  although  it  was  not  till  nay  old  age,  I  for  the  first 
time  became  acquainted  with  my  natural  use,  capacity, 
and  importance.  My  new  station  was  no  other  than  the 
dressing-room  of  a  young  lady,  just  come  from  school. 
Before  I  was  well  fixed  in  the  destined  spot,  she  came 
to  survey  me,  and,  with  a  look  of  such  complacency  and 
good-will,  as  I  had  not  seen  for  many  a  day.  I  was  now 
presently  initiated  into  all  the  mysteries  of  the  toilet.  O, 
what  an  endless  variety  of  laces,  jewels,  silks,  and  rib- 
bons ;  pins,  combs,  cushions,  and  curling  irons  ;  wash- 
es, essences,  powders,  and  patches,  were  daily  spread 
before  me  !  If  I  had  been  heretofore  almost  tired  with 
the  sight  of  my  old  mistress'  everlasting  lustring,  I  re- 
ally felt  still  more  so  with  the  profusion  of  ornament  and 
preparation. 

I  was,  indeed,  favored  with  my  fair  mistress'  constant 
attentions ;  they  were  so  unremitting  as  perfectly  to  as- 
tonish me,  after  being  so  long  accustomed  to  compara- 
tive neglect.  Never  did  she  enter  her  room  on  the  most 
hasty  errand,  without  vouchsafing  me  a  kind  glance ; 
and  at  leisure  hours  I  was  indulged  with  much  longer 
visits.  Indeed,  to  confess  the  truth,  I  was  sometimes 
quite  surprised  at  their  length  ;  but  I  do  not  mean  to 
tell  tales.  During  the  hour  of  dressing,  when  I  was 
more  professionally  engaged  with  her,  there  was,  I 
could  perceive,  nothing  in  the  room — in  the  house — nay» 
I  believe  nothing  in  the  world,  of  so  much  importance 
in  her  estimation  as  myself.  But  I  have  frequently  re- 
marked with  concern,  the  different  aspect  with  which 
she  would  regard  me  at  those  times,  and  when  she  re- 
turned at  night  from  the  evening's  engagements.  How- 
ever late  it  was,  or  however  fatigued  she  might  be,  still 
I  was  sure  of  a  greeting  as  soon  as  she  entered  ;  but  in- 
stead of  the  bright,  blooming  face  I  had  seen  a  few 
hours  before,  it  was  generally  pale  and  haggard,  and 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  53 

Sent  away,  transmitted. 

Residence,  place  of  abode,  habitation,  home. 

Workman.     Give  the  derivation. 

Gilt  frame,  frame  covered  with  gold. 

Modernized,  made  look  new,  gave  a  modern  look  to. 

.Uneasily.     Give  the  derivation. 

With  what  did  the  looking-glass  now  become  first  ac- 
quainted 1 

Dressing-room.     Give  the  origin  of  this  word. 

Survey,  critically  examine,  look  at,  take  a  view. 

Why  did  the  young  lady  look  with  so  much  good-will  1 
Was  she  most  pleased  with  the  looking-glass,  or 
herself  1 

Initiated  into,  introduced,  instructed  in  the  rudiments 
of. 

Toilet,  dressing-table. 

-Laces,  binds  up,  ties  with  a  lace,  cords,  ornaments  of 
fine  thread. 

Essences,  perfumes,  odors. 

-Powders,  dust,  gunpowder,  sweet  dust  for  the  hair. 

Patches,  sews  on  a  piece,  small  spots  of  black  silk  on 
the  face. 

-Everlasting,  enduring  forever,  never  changing. 

.Errand,  er'rand,  message,  something  told  by  a  mes- 
senger. 

Vouchsafing,  condescending,  yielding,  bestowing 
upon. 

Spell  leisure,  hours,  professionally. 

Surprised,  astonished,  amazed. 

Tales,  stories,  forged  accounts,  fictitious  narratives. 

What  was  the  most  important  thing  in  the  world  to 
this  lady  ? 

Estimation,  view,  opinion,  regard,  esteem. 

Concern,  solicitude,  anxiety. 

When  was  the  glass  regarded  as  of  the  most  impor- 
tance ? 

Why  this  difference  at  different  times  ? 

The  evening  engagements,  balls,  visits,  routs,  parties. 

Spell  fatigued,  night,  engagement,  bright. 

Instead,  in-sted',  in  place  of. 

However  late  it  was,  whatever  the  lateness  of  the 
hour. 

5* 


£1  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

»ot  unfrequently  bearing  a  strong  impression  of  disap- 
pointment or  chagrin. 

My  mistress  would  frequently  bring  a  crowd  of  her 
young  companions  into  her  apartment ;  and  it  was 
amusing  to  see  how  they  would  each  in  turn  come  to 
pay  their  respects  to  me.  What  varied  features  and  ex- 
pressions in  the  course  of  a  few  minutes  I  had  thus  had 
an  opportunity  of  observing !  upon  which  I  used  to 
make  my  own  quiet  reflections. 


LESSON  IX. 

The  same,  concluded. 

In  this  manner  I  continued  some  years  in  the  service 
of  my  mistress,  without  any  material  alteration  taking- 
place  either  in  her  or  in  me  ;  but  at  length  I  began  to 
perceive  that  her  aspect  towards  me  was  changed,  es- 
pecially when  I  compared  it  with  my  first  recollections 
of  her.  She  now  appeared  to  regard  me  with  somewhat 
less  complacency;  and  would  frequently  survey  me 
with  a  mingled  expression  ef  displeasure  and  suspicion 
as  though  some  change  had  taken  place  in  me,  though  I 
am  sure  it  was  no  fault  of  mine ;  indeed  I  could  never 
reflect  upon  myself  for  a  moment,  with  regard  to  my 
conduct  towards  any  of  my  owners  ;  I  have  ever  been  a 
faithful  servant;  nor  have  I  once,  in  the  course  of  my 
whole  life,  given  a  false  answer  to  any  one  I  have  had 
to  do  with,  I  am,  by  nature,  equally  averse  to  flattery 
and  detraction  ;  and  this  I  may  say  for  myself,  that  I 
am  incapable  of  misrepresentation.  It  was  with  min- 
gled sensations  of  contempt  and  compassion,  that  I  wit- 
nessed the  efforts  my  mistress  now  made,  in  endeavor- 
ing to  force  me  to  yield  the  same  satisfaction  to  her  as  I 
had  done  on  our  first  acquaintance.  Perhaps,  in  my 
confidential  situation,  it  would  be  scarcely  honorable  to 
disclose  all  I  saw ;  suffice  it  then  to  hint,  that  to  my 
candid  temper  it  was  painful  to  be  obliged  to  connive 
at  that  borrowed  bloom,  which  after  all  was  a  substitute 
for  that  of  nature  ;  time,  too,  greatly  baffled  even  these 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  5& 

Generally,  commonly,  usually,  for  the  most  part. 
Haggard,  ghastly,  wild,  deformed. 
Impression,  sign,  look,  mark,  appearance. 
Disappointment.     Give  the  derivation  of  the  word. 
Chagrin ,  sha-green'f  mortification,  vexation. 
-Crowd,  group,  press  upon,  circle,  company. 
How,  hou,  in  what  manner. 

Pay  their  respects.     What  is  meant  by  this  phrase  ? 
Varied,  diversified,  diverse,  various,  different. 
Reflections,  particles  of  light  or  heat  thrown  back, 
meditations. 


Material,  essential,  derived  from  matter. 

Alteration,  change,  revolution. 

Aspect,  looks,  appearance,  visage,  regard,  conduct. 

Towards,  to'urdz. 

Recollections,  remembrances. 

To  what  was  this  change  in  her  conduct  towards  the 

o 

glass  owing? 

-Mingled,  varied,  diversified,  mixed. 
Sure,  steadfast,  confident,  certain,  established. 
Moment,  point  of  time,  minute. 
-Conduct,  behavior,  demean,  demeanor. 
.Owners,  masters,  lords,  proprietors. 
Course,  current,  direction,  way. 
Averse,  a-v£rse',  hostile,  inimical,  opposed. 
Detraction,  slander,  calumny,  calumnious  speeches. 
.Misrepresentation.     Give  the  derivation. 
Contempt.    Mention  some  derivatives  from  this  word. 
.Endeavoring,  attempting. 
-Force,  compulsion,  violence,  compel,  urge. 
Satisfaction,  pleasure,  delight,  complacency. 
.First,  primary,  original,  antecedent. 
Confidential,  pledged   to  secrecy,  not  admitting  of 

disclosure. 

-Candid,  fair,  upright,  white,  ingenuous,  open. 
Temper,  disposition,  temperament,  mind. 
What  is  referred  to  by  borrowed  bloom  1 
.Ineffectual,  to  no  purpose,  in  vain,  useless. 
Cross,  unkind,  unpleasant,  ill-tempered. 


56  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

expedients,  and  threatened  to  render  them  wholly  in- 
effectual. 

Many  a  cross  and  reproachful  look  I  had  now  to  en- 
dure ;  which,  however,  I  took  patiently,  being  always 
remarkably  smooth  and  even  in  my  temper.  Well  re- 
membering -how  time  had  spoiled  the  face  of  my  poor 
old  mistress,  I  dreaded  the  consequences  if  my  present 
owner  should  experience,  by  and  by,  as  rough  treatment 
from  him  ;  and  I  believe  she  dreaded  it  too  :  but  these 
apprehensions  were  needless.  Time  is  not  seldom  ar- 
rested in  the  midst  of  his  occupations ;  and  it  was  so  in 
this  instance.  I  was  one  day  greatly  shocked,  by  be- 
holding my  poor  mistress  stretched  out  in  a  remote  part 
of  the  room,  arrayed  in  very  different  ornaments  from 
what  1  had  been  used  to  see  her  wear.  She  was  so 
much  altered  that  I  scarcely  knew  her ;  but  for  this  she 
could  not  now  reproach  me.  I  watched  her  thus  for  a 
few  days,  as  she  lay  before  me  as  cold  and  motionless 
as  myself;  but  she  was  soon  conveyed  away,  and  I  saw 
her  no  more ! 

Ever  since,  I  have  continued  in  quiet  possession  of 
her  deserted  chamber;  which  is  only  occasionally  visit- 
ed by  other  parts  of  the  family.  1  feel  that  I  am  now 
getting  old,  and  almost  beyond  further  service.  I  have 
an  u"ly  crack,  occasioned  by  the  careless  stroke  of  a 
broom,  all  across  my  left  corner;  my  coat  is  very  much 
worn  in  several  places  ;  even  my  new  frame  is  now  tar- 
nished and  old  fashioned ;  so  that  I  cannot  expect  any 
new  employment. 

Having  now,  therefore,  nothing  to  reflect  on  but  the 
past  scenes  of  my  life,  I  have  amused  myself  with  giv- 
ing you  this  account  of  them.  I  said  I  had  made  phys- 
iognomy my  study,  and  that  I  have  acquired  some  skill 
in  this  interesting  science.  The  result  of  my  observa- 
tion will  at  least  be  deemed  impartial,  when  I  say  that 
T  am  generally  best  pleased  with  the  character  of  those 
faces,  which  appear  the  most  so  with  mine.  And  I 
have  seen  occasion  so  far  to  alter  the  opinions  of  my  in- 
experienced youth,  that  for  those  who  pass  the  least 
with  me,  and  treat  me  with  little  consideration,  I  con- 
ceive the  highest  esteem  ;  and  their  aspect  generally 
produces  the  most  pleasing  reflections. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  57 

.Reproachful.     From  what  is  it  derived  ? 

Patiently.     Give  the  derivation. 

Smooth  and  even.     How  do  these  words  differ  in 
meaning  J 

By  and  by,  ere  long,  in  process  of  time. 

Time.     Wherein  is  time  personified  ? 

What  is  personification  ?     See  App. 

-Shocked,  alarmed,  terrified,  met  in  conflict,  piled  up. 

Stretched  out,  laid  at  length. 
-Arrayed,  clothed,  decked,  drawn  up. 

What  happened  now  to  its  mistress  ? 

What  ornaments  are  referred  to  ? 

.Motionless,  dead,  still,  without  motion,  or  the  power 
of  it. 

Where  was  she  conveyed  away  ? 

Quiet,  peaceful,  still,  amiable,  calm,  unmolested. 

.Chamber,  tsharne'bur. 

Occasionally,  now  and  then,  at  intervals  of  time. 

-Parts,  portions,  members,  fragments. 

Getting  old,  advancing  in  years. 

Ugly,  unhandsome,  vile,  ill  looking. 

.Coat.     What  is  meant  by  the  coat  of  a  looking  glass? 

Tarnished,  sullied,  soiled,  blotted. 

Expect,  anticipate,  hope  for,  look  out  for. 

.Employment.     From  what  derived  1 — Give  the  deri- 
vations. 

Therefore,  ther'fore. 

State  some   of  the  circumstances  in  the  life  of  the 
glass. 

How  many  owners  did  it  have  ? 

What  kind  of  people  purchased  it  first? 

How  many  years  did  they  own  it  ? 

What  was  the  character  of  the  last  owner  ? 

Physiognomy,  f izh-e-6g'no-me,  studying  the  temper 
by  the  face. 

Science,  study,  branch  of  knowledge. 

-Mine,  my  own,  excavation,  place  in  the  ground  where 
metals  are  found. 

.Inexperienced.     Give  the  derivation. 

Consideration,  regard,  respect,  love,  honor. 

For  whom  has  the  looking  glass  the  highest  esteem  ? 

Why  is  this? 


58  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

LESSON  X. 

The  Stream  of  Time. 

Through  sunny  plains  and  valleys  green, 
Yon  silvery  streamlet  winds  its  way; 

While  on  its  banks  fresh  flowers  are  seen, 
That  smiling  seem  to  woo  its  stay. 

It  must  not  stay — the  current's  force 
Forbids  it  here  to  find  repose  ; 

But  onward  still  it  takes  its  course, 
And  sadly  murmurs  as  it  goes. 

And  now  upon  its  breast  no  more 

Sweet  flowers  their  breathing  odors  shed ; 

Its  path  is  by  the  rocky  shore, 
Its  final  rest  in  Ocean's  bed. 

Thus  down  the  Stream  of  Time  we  glide, 
From  youth  and  joy  to  age  and  pain  : 

We  cannot  check  the  ceaseless  tide 
That  bears  us  swiftly  to  the  main. 

Yet,  let  us  calmly  meet  our  doom, 
And  think,  if  life  and  joy  must  sever  ; 

There  is  a  land  beyond  the  gloom 

Where  they  shall  be  entwin'd  forever. 


LESSON  XL 

Earthquake  at  Aleppo  in  Syria. — WORCESTER. 

On  the  18th  of  August,  1822,  Aleppo  was  visited  by  a 
most  tremendous  earthquake,  by  which  two  thirds  of  the 
city  were  destroyed,  and  20,000  inhabitants  buried  in 
the  ruins.  Various  other  towns  in  Syria  suffered  great- 
ly by  this  earthquake  ;  and  other  shocks  continued  to 
be  felt  for  several  weeks  after  the  principal  one.  It  is 
impossible  to  convey,  says  the  British  consul  at  Alep- 
po, an  adequate  idea  of  the  scenes  of  horror,  that  were 
simultaneously  passing  in  the  dreadful  night  of  the  13th 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  59 

Sunny,  enlightened  by  the  sun,  bright,  sun-colored. 

.Valleys.  What  nouns,  ending  with  y,  form  their 
plural  by  changing  y  into  ies  ? 

Silvery.  From  what  is  it  derived  ?  On  what  re- 
semblance is  its  use  in  this  place  justified  ? 

Streamlet,  a  little  stream.  It  belongs  to  a  class  of 
nouns  called  Diminutives. 

-Banks,  heaps  of  earth,  the  earth  rising  on  each  side 
of  a  water,  place  where  money  is  deposited. 

Woo,  to  invite,  to  court.  WThat  figure  is  here  em- 
ployed ? 

-Stay,  stop,  continuance  in  the  same  place,  a  support, 
to  stand  still. 

-Must,  is  obliged,  is  under  necessity,  mould,  to  grow 
mouldy. 

-Repose,  sleep,  rest,  to  lay  to  rest,  to  place  as  in  trust. 

Odors,  scents,  fragrance,  perfume. 

-Shore,  coast,  bank,  buttress. 

Glide,  move  swiftly  and  smoothly  along. 

Tide,  stream,  flood,  ebb  and  flow  of  the  sea. 

-Main.  What  does  the  word  mean  in  this  place  ?  By 
what  figure  1  Where  is  the  cesural  pause  in  this 
line  ? 

Doom,  state  to  which  one  is  destined,  sentence,  to 
condemn  to  any  punishment. 

Sever,  be  parted,  separate,  force  asunder. 

Land.     To  what  does  this  word  have  reference  ? 

Gloom,  obscurity,  melancholy,  to  shine  obscurely. 

Intwined,  wreathed  together,  indissolubly  united. 

What  two  things  are  compared  in  this  poem  ? 

In  what  particulars  can  a  resemblance  be  traced  ? 


Give  some  account  of  Aleppo.     App. 

Tremendous,  tre-men'-dus,  dreadful,  appalling. 

Earthquake,  erth'-kwake,  sudden  movement  of  the 
earth. 

Buried,  covered  up,  deposited  in  the  ground,  over- 
whelmed. 

-Convey,  give,  carry  water  by  an  aqueduct,  describe. 

Idea,  impression,  thought,  conception. 

.Simultaneously,  at  the  same  time,  cotemporaneouslr. 


60  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

•f  August.  Here,  hundreds  of  decrepit  parents,  half  bu- 
ried in  the  ruins,  were  imploring  assistance  from  their 
sons,  who  were  not  always  willing  to  risk  their  own 
lives  by  giving  their  aid.  There,  distracted  mothers 
were  frantically  lifting  heavy  stones  from  heaps,  which 
covered  the  lifeless  bodies  of  their  infants.  The  awful 
darkness  of  the  night,  the  continuance  of  the  most  vio- 
lent shocks,  at  short  intervals,  the  crash  of  falling  walls, 
the  shrieks,  the  agony  and  despair  of  that  long  night, 
cannot  be  described. 

When  at  length,  the  morning  dawned,  and  the  return 
ef  light  permitted  the  people  to  quit  the  spot  on  which 
they  had  been  providentially  saved,  a  most  affecting 
scene  ensued.  You  might  have  seen  many,  unaccus- 
tomed to  pray,  prostrate  in  silent  worship,  or  on  their 
knees  adoring  their  Preserver.  Friends  were  running 
into  each  other's  arms  in  transports  of  joy.  Enmities 
were  forgotten  ;  an  air  of  cheerfulness  and  brotherly 
teve  animated  every  countenance. 


LESSON  XII. 

Various  Species  of  Lying. — AMELIA  OPIE. 

What  constitutes  lying  ?  I  answer,  the  intention  to 
deceive.  If  this  be  a  correct  definition,  there  must  be 
passive  as  well  as  active  lying  ;  and  those  who  withhold 
the  truth,  or  do  not  tell  the  whole  truth,  with  an  inten- 
tion to  deceive,  are  guilty  of  lying,  as  well  as  those  who 
tell  a  direct  or  positive  falsehood. 

Lies  are  many,  and  various  in  their  nature  and  ten- 
dency, and  may  be  arranged  under  their  different 
names. 

Lies  of  vanity.  Lies  of  vanity  are  undoubtedly  the 
most  common  lies,  because  vanity  is  one  of  the  most 
powerful  springs  of  human  action,  and  is  usually  the  be- 
setting sin  of  every  one.  If  I  assert,  that  my  motive  for 
a  particular  action  WHS  virtuous,  when  I  know,  that  it 
was  worldly  and  selfish,  I  am  guilty  of  an  active  or  direct 
lie.  But  I  nm  equally  guilty  of  falsehood,  if,  while  I 
hear  my  actions  or  forbearances  praised,  and  imputed 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  61 

Decrepit,  weak,    helpless,  aged,  infirm  through  age. 

Risk,  venture,  jeopardy,  endanger. 

Distracted,  insane,  frantic,  wild. 

Frantically,  outrageously,  desperately,    in  agony  of 

emotion. 

Intervals,  intermissions,  cessations. 
Crash,  sound  of  falling  trees,  confused   and  sudden 

noise. 

Described,  painted,  delineated,  portrayed,  told. 
Morning  dawned,  day  broke,  the  night  was  gone  at 

break  of  day. 

Providentially,  by  the  interposition  of  providence. 
Affecting,  interesting,  touching. 
Unaccustomed,  unused,  untaught,  not  wont. 
Prostrate,  on  the  ground,  with  their  faces  to  the  ground. 
Adoring,  worshipping,  thanking. 
-Transports,  carries  over,  ferries  across,  ecstacies. 
Enmities,  hostilities,  inimical  feelings. 
-Air,  aspect,  light  tune,  one  part  »f  music,  atmosphere. 
.Cheerfulness. 

Brotherly  love,  fraternal  affection,  kind  feelings. 
-Countenance,  kovm-te-nanse. 
(five  some  account  of  this  earthquake. 


What  constitutes  lying  ?     What  is  deception  / 

Definition,  meaning,  explanation. 

What  do  you  understand  by  positive  lying  ! 

Is  passive  lying  a  very  common  sin  ? 

What  is  a  direct  lie  ? 

Tendency,  effect,  result,  influence. 

Arranged,  distributed,  divided  off,  disposed  of. 

What  do  you  understand  by  lies  of  vanity  ? 

Is  vanity  a  powerful  motive  in  the  breasts  of  mew  ? 

-Spring,  moving  engine,  cause,  fountain  head. 

Virtuous,   praiseworthy,   proceeding  from  good  mo 

tives. 

Spell  worldly,  virtuous,  guilty,  undoubtedly. 
Selfish,  unworthy,  self-interested,  unholy. 
-Forbearances,  omissions,  refraining  from  bad  action*, 
6 


62  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

to  decidedly  worthy  motives,  when  I  am  conscious,  they 
sprung  from  unworthy  or  unimportant  ones,  I  listen  with 
silent  complacency,  and  do  not  positively  disclaim  my 
right  to  commendation ;  only  in  the  one  case  the  lie  is 
passive,  in  the  other  active. 

Lies  of  flattery.  These  lies  are,  generally  speaking, 
not  only  unprincipled,  hut  offensive.  There  are  few 
persons,  with  whom  it  is  so  difficult  to  keep  up  the  rela- 
tions of  peace  and  amity,  as  flatterers  hy  system  and 
habit.  The  view  taken  hy  the  flatterer  of  the  penetra- 
tion of  the  flattered  is  often  erroneous.  The  really  in- 
telligent are  usually  aware  to  how  much  praise  and  ad- 
miration they  are  entitled,  be  it  encomium  on  their  per- 
sonal or  mental  qualifications. 

Lies  of  fear,  spring  from  the  want  of  moral  courage. 
This  defect  is  by  no  means  confined  to  any  class  or  age. 
A  child  breaks  a  toy  or  glass,  and  dentes  having  done 
so.  Acquaintances  forget  to  execute  commissions  en- 
trusted to  them,  and  either  say,  that  they  are  executed 
when  they  are  not,  or  make  some  false  excuses  for  an 
omission  which  was  the  result  of  forgetfulness  only. 

Lies  of  benevolence,  are  occasioned  by  a  selfish  dread 
of  losing  favor  and  provoking  displeasure  by  speaking 
the  truth,  rather  than  by  real  benevolence.  If  you  say, 
that  you  are  looking  ill,  persons  calling  themselves  be- 
nevolent will  say  that  you  are  looking  well.  And  this 
not  from  the  desire  of  flattering  you,  nor  from  the  ma- 
lignant one  of  wishing  to  render  you  ridiculous  by  im- 
posing on  your  credulity,  but  from  the  desire  of  making 
you  pleased  with  yourself. 

Lies  of  convenience — namely,  the  order  to  servants  to 
say,  "  not  at  home,"  that  is  teaching  them  to  lie  for  our 
convenience,  is,  at  the  same  time,  teaching  them  to  lie 
for  their  own,  whenever  the  temptation  offers.  Those 
masters  and  mistresses  who  show  their  domestics,  that 
th'ey  do  not,  themselves,  value  truth,  degrade  their  own 
characters,  will  surely  have  servants  unworthy  of  confi- 
dence, and  will  incur  an  awful  guilt  by  endangering 
their  servants'  well  being  here  and  hereafter.  Dr.  John- 
son would  not  allow  his  servant  to  say  he  was  riot  at 
home  when  he  really  was.  "  A  servant's  strict  regard 
far  truth,"  said  that  great  moralist,  "  must  be  weaken- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  63 

.Decidedly,  entirely,  unequivocally,  altogether. 

Disdain,  refuse,  reject,  disallow,  decline. 

Can  you  give  any  examples  like  those  mentioned  ? 

Commendation,  praise.     Change  it  into  a  verb. 

What  are  lies  of  flattery  1 

Are  not  the  motives  of  the  flatterer  generally  very 
bad? 

Are  the  customs  of  society  any  good  excuse  1 

What  do  flatterers  generally  hope  for  in  return  1 

Amity,  friendship,  comity,  peace,*union  of  feeling. 

.Erroneous,  mistaken,  false,  wrong. 

Are  flatterers  very  often  disappointed  in  their  object? 
Instead  of  praise  in  return,  what  do  they  often  get  ? 

Can  men  of  intelligence  see  through  the  motives  of 
the  flatterer  ? 

-Qualification,  ability,  talent,  proviso,  drawback. 

What  do  lies  of  fear  proceed  from  ? 

What  is  the  difference  between  moral  and  natural 
courage  ? 

Are  children  very  often  guilty  of  lies  of  fear  ? 

State  some  examples  within  your  own  knowledge. 

Are  letter  writers,  who  are  unfaithful,  guilty  of  this 
rlie? 

What  are  lies  of  benevolence?  Are  they  rightly  na- 
med ? 

Are  physicians  guilty  of  this  lie  in  deceiving  dying 
persons  ?  What  reasons  do  they  give  ?  Are  they 
good  ones  1  Ought  we  not  to  speak  truth,  and  let 
consequences  alone  ? 

Malignant,  malicious,  very  bad. 

Ridiculous,  laughable,  obnoxious  to  ridicule. 

Credulity,  easy  belief,  readily  believing  every  thing. 

State  some  examples  within  your  own  knowledge. 

What  are  lies  of  convenience  ?  What  ranks  in  life  are 
most  guilty  of  this  lie  ? 

Domestics,  family  servants,  house  laborers. 

Well-being,  welfare,  happiness,  prosperity. 

What  is  the  consequence  of  learning  servants  to  de- 
ceive ? 

Hereafter,  in  futurity.  What  time  is  here  referred  to  ? 

Dr.  Johnson.    Give  some  account  of  him.     See  App. 

Moralist,  writer  upon  morals,  or  ethics. 


64  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

ed  by  the  practice.  A  philosopher  may  know  that  it  is 
merely  a  form  of  denial ;  but  few  servants  are  such  nice 
distinguisJters.  If  I  accustom  a  servant  to  tell  a  lie  for 
me,  have  I  not  reason  to  apprehend,  that  he  will  tell  ma- 
ny lies  for  himself?" 

Lies  of  wantonness,  are  lies,  which  are  often  told  from 
no  other  motive,  than  to  show  the  utterer's  total  con- 
t  empt  for  truth. 

Lies  of  Jirst  rate  malignity,  are  those  intended  wil- 
fully to  destroy  the  reputation  of  men  and  women. 
There  are  many  persons,  worn  both  in  body  and  mind, 
by  the  consciousness  of  being  the  object  of  calumnies 
and  suspicions,  which  they  have  not  the  power  to  com- 
bat ;  who  steal  broken-hearted  into  their  graves,  thank- 
ful for  the  summons  of  death,  and  hoping  to  find  refuge 
from  the  injustice  of  their  fellow  creatures  in  the  bosom 
of  their  Savior. 

Lies  of  second  rate  malignity,  spring  from  the  spirit 
of  detraction — a  spirit  more  widely  diffused  in  society 
than  any  other.  It  gives  birth  to  satire,  ridicule,  mim- 
icry, and  quizzing.  Complimenting  either  man  or  wo- 
man, on  qualities  which  they  do  not  possess,  in  hopes 
of  imposing  on  their  credulity  ;  praising  a  lady's  work, 
or  dress,  to  her  face  ;  and  then  as  soon  as  she  is  no  lon- 
ger present,  not  only  abusing  both  her  work  and  dress, 
but  laughing  at  her  weakness  in  believing  the  praise  sin- 
cere ;  lavishing  encomiums  on  a  man's  abilities  in  hi* 
presence,  and  then  as  soon  as  he  is  out  of  hearing,  ex- 
pressing wonder  that  he  should  be  so  blind  and  conceit- 
ed as  not  to  know  that  he  was  in  learning  a  smatterer, 
and  in  understanding  just  not  a  fool,  are  instances  of 
lies  of  second  rate  malignity.  Against  these  lies  the 
laws  provide  no  protection,  arid  they  cannot  be  exceed- 
ed in  base  and  petty  treachery. 

Lying  is  a  sin,  which  tempts  us  on  every  side,  but  it 
is  more  to  be  dreaded  when  it  tempts  us  in  the  shape  of 
what  are  called  white  lies,  or  little  falsehoods;  for 
against  these,  we  are  not  on  our  guard  ;  and  instead  of 
looking  on  them  as  enemies,  we  consider  them  as 
friends.  They  are  notwithstanding  equally  contrary  to 
the  will  of  God,  and  it  is  necessary  to  be  watchful  unto 
prayer,  when  we  are  tempted  to  commit  them.  "  AU 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  65 

Philosopher,  wise  man,  deeply  learned,  skilled  in  sci- 
ence. 

.Distinguishers,  accurate  reasoners,  critical  observers. 

-Apprehend,  fear,  expect,  arrest,  seize. 

What  must  you  expect  from  a  servant  who  is  taught 
to  deceive  ? 

What  are  lies  of  wantonness  1     won'tun-nes. 

Malignity,  maliciousness,  malice,  vile  disposition. 

What  are  lies  ojjirst  rate  malignity  1 

Does  the  Jaw  protect  against  lies  of  this  sort  ? 

Do  you  remember  any  instance  of  this  kind  of  lying  ? 

-Worn,  wasted,  enfeebled,  used,  not  new. 

-Combat,  kum'bat,  meet,  oppose,  action,  contest. 

Summons,  call,  imperative  call,  allusion  from  a  be- 
sieging army. 

Refuge,  an  asylum,  a  retreat,  an  escape. 

Bosom  of  the  Savior,  in  heaven,  in  a  better  world. 

What  are  lies  of  second  rate  malignity  ? 

What  spirit  do  they  arise  from  ?  To  what  do  they 
give  birth  ? 

Mimicry,  mocking,  buffooriry,  low  imitation. 

Spell  quizzing,  ridiculous,  detraction. 

Can  you  give  instances  of  these  from  memory  ?  When 
people  laugh  at  the  defects  of  their  fellows,  are  they 
not  guilty  ?  Is  it  not  a  most  despicable  business  ? 

Spell  laughing,  believing,  spirit. 

Encomiums,  praises,  commendations* 

Abilities,  talents,  acquired  or  natural  powers. 

Wonder,  astonishment,  surprise,  to  think  strange. 

-Conceited,  self-willed,  narrow,  much  self-esteem. 

Smatterer,  superficial  scholar,  shallow  reader,  igno- 
rant. 

Do  the  laws  provide  against  these  lies  1 

Exceeded,  surpassed,  transcended. 

Petty,  low,  insignificant,  mean,  inferior. 

Spell  treachery,  tempts,  learning,  enemies. 

Have  we  many  temptations  to  tell  falsehoods  t 

Are  not  courage,  zeal,  and  perseverance  necessary  to 
shun  them  ? 

Where  should  we  look  for  assistance  1 

What  is  meant  by  white  lies  ? 

Are  they  displeasing  to  God  ? 
6* 


$6  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

truth,"  says  Dr.  Johnson,  "  is  not  of  equal  importance  : 
but  if  little  violations  be  allowed,  every  violation  will  m 
time  be  thought  little." 


LESSON  XIII. 

Practical  Lies.— AMELIA,  OPIE. 

Practical  lies  come  last  on  my  list;  lies  not  uttered, 
but  acted  ;  dress  will  furnish  me  with  most  of  my  illus- 
trations. 

It  has  been  said  that  the  great  art  of  dress  is  to  con- 
ceal defects  and  heighten  beauties  ;  therefore,  as  con- 
cealment is  deception,  this  great  art  of  dress  is  founded 
on  falsehood;  but,  certainly,  in  some  instances,  on 
falsehood,  comparatively  of  an  innocent  kind. 

If  the  false  hair  be  so  worn,  that  no  one  can  fancy  it 
natural ;  if  the  bloom  on  the  cheek  is  such,  that  it  can- 
not be  mistaken  for  nature  ;  or,  if  the  person  who  u  con- 
ceals defects,  and  heightens  beauties,"  openly  avows  the 
practice,  then  is  the  deception  annihilated.  But,  if  the 
cheek  be  so  artfully  tinted,  that  its  hue  is  mistaken  for 
natural  color  ;  if  the  false  hair  be  so  skilfully  woven, 
that  it  passes  for  natural  hair;  if  the  crooked  person, 
or  meagre  form,  be  so  cunningly  assisted  by  dress,  that 
the  uneven  shoulder  disappears,  and  becoming  fulness 
succeeds  to  unbecoming  thinness,  while  the  man  or  wo- 
man thus  assisted  by  art  expects  their  charms  will  be 
imputer1  to  nature  alone  ;  then  these  aids  of  dress  par- 
take of  the  nature  of  other  lying,  and  become  equally 
vicious  in  the  eyes  of  the  religious  and  moral. 

I  have  said  the  man  or  woman  thus  assisted  by  art : 
and  I  believe  that,  by  including  the  stronger  sex  in  the 
above  observation,  I  have  only  been  strictly  just. 

While  men  hide  baldness  by  gluing  a  piece  of  false 
hair  on  their  heads,  meaning  that  it  should  pass  for 
their  own,  and  while  a  false  calf  gives  muscular  beauty 
to  a  shapeless  leg,  can  the  observer  on  human  life  do 
otherwise  than  include  the  wiser  sex  in  the  list  of  those 
who  indulge  in  the  permitted  artifices  and  mysteries  of 
the  toilet  ?  Nay,  bolder  still  are  the  advances  of  some 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  07 

Would  it  not  be  a  most  happy  thing,  if  ever/  person 
always  spoke  the  truth  ? 

Notwithstanding,  neverthele,3s. 

What  are  your  determinations  in  regard  to  this  sub- 
ject ? 

If  you  indulge  in  little  violations  of  truth,  what  will  be 
the  consequence  ? 

If  you  do  not   indulge,  you  will  soon  have  a  habit  of 
truth. 

What  do  you  understand  by  practical  lies  ? 

Illustrations,  examples,  instances. 

-Art,  trade,  cunning,  craft,  intention,  skill,  design. 

-Beauties,  beautiful  persons,  graces,  ornaments. 

What  is  said  to  be  the  great  art  of  dress  ? 

Is  it  commendable  to  use  this  art  ?     Why  not  ? 

-Fancy,  imagination,  power  of  mind,  conceit,  imagine. 

Bloom,  ruddiness,  beautiful   tint.     Whence  the  allu- 
sion 1 

Avows,  declares,  proclaims,  makes  known. 

-Practice,  experience,  custom,  habit,  accustom,  inure/ 

Annihilated,  utterly  destroyed,  extirpated. 

.Hue,  color,  tint,  appearance. 

Skilfully,  artfully,  ingeniously,  with  art. 

Meagre,  me/gur,  lean,  starved,  poor,  hungry. 

-Form,  to  fashion,  to  make,  figure,  body. 

-Becoming,  suitable,  decent,  proper,  approaching  to. 

Imputed,  ascribed,  referred,  laid. 

When  do  the  aids  of  dress  partake  of  the  nature  of 
lying  ? 

Vicious,  offensive,  wrong,  bad,  sinful. 

-Observation,  remark,  sight,  view,  prospect. 

Are  both  sexes  included  in  this  fault  ? 

Give  the  instances  here  enumerated. 

Mention  some  instances  within  your  recollection. 

-Calf,  young  animal,  soft  part  of  the  leg. 

-Muscular,  strong,  nervous,  fibrous,  having  the   ap^ 

pearance  of  muscles. 
Shapeless.     From  what  derived  / 
Wiser  sex.     Which  sex  is  intended  1 

Artifices,  arts,  mysteries,  little  contrivances. 
Mysteries,  concealed  things,  covered  with  a  veil- 

.Toilet,  toilet,  dressing  table. 


68  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

men  into  its  sacred  mysteries.  I  have  seen  the  eye- 
brows, even  of  the  young,  darkened  by  the  hand  of  art, 
and  their  cheeks  reddened  by  its  touch  ;  and  who  has 
not  seen  in  Bond-street,  or  the  Drive,  during  the  last 
twenty  or  thirty  years  certain  notorious  men  of  fashion 
glowing  in  immortal  bloom,  and  rivalling  the  dashing 
belle  beside  them  ? 

I  do  not  wish  to  censure  any  one  for  having  recourse 
to  art,  to  hide  the  defects  of  nature  ;  and,  I  have  ex- 
pressly said,  that  such  practices  are  comparatively  in- 
nocent ;  but  it  seerns  to  me,  that  they  cease  to  be  inno- 
cent, and  become  passive  and  practical  lies  also,  if, 
when  men  and  women  hear  the  fineness  of  their  com- 
plexion, hair,  or  teeth,  commended  in  their  presence, 
they-  do  not  own  that  the  beauty  so  commended  is  en- 
tirely artificial,  provided  such  be  really  the  case  ;  But, 

I  am  far  from  advising  any  one  to  be  guilty  of  the  un- 
necessary egotism  of  volunteering  such  an  assurance ; 
all  I  contend  for  is,  that  when  we  are  praised  for  quali- 
ties, whether  of  mind  or  person,  which  we  do  not  pos- 
sess, we  are  guilty  of  passive,  if  not  of  practical,  lying, 
if  we  do  not  avow  the  mistake.  Wearing  paste  for  dia- 
monds, intending  that  the  false  should  be  taken  for  the 
true;  and  purchasing  brooches,  pins,  and  rings  of  mock 
jewels,  intending  that  they  should  pass  for  real  ones. 
Passing  of  gooseberry  wine  at  dinner  for  real  Cham- 
paigne,  and  English  liquors  for  foreign  ones.  But  on 
these  occasions,  the  motive  is  not  always  the  mean  and 
contemptible  wish  of  imposing  on  others;  but  it  has, 
sometimes,  its  source  in  a  dangerous  as  well  as  decep- 
tive ambition— that  of  making  an  appearance  beyond 
what  the  circumstances  of  the  persons  so  deceiving  re- 
ally warrant ;  the  wish  to  be  supposed  to  be  more  opu- 
lent than  they  really  are  ;  that  most  common  of  all 
practical  lies  ;  as  ruin  and  bankruptcy  follow  in  its 
train.  The  lady  who  purchases  and  wears  paste,  which 
she  hopes  will  pass  for  diamonds,  is  usually  one  who  has 
no  right  to  wear  jewels  at  all.  And  the  gentleman  who 
passes  off  gooseberry  wine  for  Champaigne,  is,  in  all 
probability,  aiming  at  a  style  of  living  beyond  his  situa- 
tion in  society. 

On  some  occasions,  however,  when  ladies  substitute 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  SO 

Bondstreet,  or  the  Drive,  streets  in  London. 

Notorious,  well  known,  notable,  celebrated. 

Immortal  bloom,  unfading  beauty,  spoken  in  irony. 

Rivalling,  emulating,  equalling,  standing  in  compe- 
tition with,  endeavoring  to  excel. 

-Dashing,  breaking  in  pieces,  falling  violently,  vain, 
displaying. 

Belle,  bel,  gay  young  lady,  antithesis  of  beau. 
-.Censure,  find  fault  with,  animadversion,  blame. 

Having  recourse  to,  resorting  to. 

Expressly,  openly,  directly,  without  any  reserve. 

When  does  art  in  hiding  defects  cease  to  be  innocent  ? 

What  is  meant  by  innocent  in  this  place  ? 

.Fineness,  delicateness,  beauty,  elegancy. 

Complexion,  color,  looks,  appearance,  visage. 

Artificial,  made,  not  natural,  produced  by  art. 

Egotism,  vanity,  commendation  of  one's  self  in  any 
way. 

.Volunteering,  offering  without  solicitation,  obtruding. 

When  you  are  praised  for  something  which  you  have 
not,  what  should  you  do  ?  If  you  do  not  refuse  the 
commendation,  of  what  are  you  guilty  1 

Paste,  artificial  mixture  in  imitation  of  precious  stones, 
cement  made  of  flour  and  water,  any  viscous  or  te- 
nacious mixture. 

Diamonds,  jewels,  precious  stones. 

Brooches,  brootshes,  jewels,  an  ornament  of  jewels. 

Gooseberry  wine,  wine  made  of  gooseberries. 

Champaigne,  sham'pane,  wine  from  a  province  in 
France. 

Motive,  intention,  moving  cause,  that  which  excite*. 

Contemptible,  mean,  low,  despicable. 

-Imposing  on,  placing  on,  insulting. 

Source,  foundation,  cause,  fountain,  origin. 

Opulent,  rich,  affluent,  wealthy. 

What  do  those  persons  do  who  expend  more  than 
their  income?  Is  it  a  very  common  lie?  What 
are  the  effects  ? 

-Style  of  living,  manner  of  life,  method  of  conducting. 

-Beyond,  above,  on  the    other  side,  ahead,  further  on. 

-Tale,  fable,  story,  account. 


70  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

paste  for  diamond,  the  substitution  tells  a  tale  of  greater 
error  still.  I  mean,  when  ladies  wear  mock  for  real 
jewels,  because  their  extravagance  has  obliged  them  to 
raise  money  on  the  latter  ;  and  they  are  therefore  oblig- 
ed to  keep  up  the  appearance  of  their  necessary  and 
accustomed  splendor,  by  a  partial  lie. 

The  following  is  another  of  the  practical  lies  in  com- 
mon use.  The  medical  man,  who  desires  his  servant  to 
call  him  out  of  church,  or  from  a  party,  in  order  to  give 
him  the  appearance  of  the  great  business  which  he  has 
not,  is  guilty  not  of  uttering  but  of  acting  a  falsehood  ; 
and  the  author  who  makes  his  publisher  put  second  and 
third  editions  before  a  work  of  which,  perhaps,  not  even 
the  first  edition  is  sold. 

But  the  most  fatal  to  the  interest  of  others,  though 
perhaps  the  most  pitiable  of  practicable  lies,  are  those 
acted  by  men  who,  though  they  know  themselves  to  be  in 
the  gulf  of  bankruptcy,  either  from  wishing  to  put  off  the 
evil  day,  or  from  the  visionary  hope  that  something  will 
occur  unexpectedly  to  save  them,  launch  out  into  in- 
creased splendor  of  living,  in  order  to  obtain  further 
credit,  and  induce  their  acquaintances  to  intrust  their 
money  to  them. 


LESSON  XIV. 
The  same,  concluded. 

There  is,  however,  one  practical  lie,  more  fatal  still 
in  my  opinion,  because  it  is  the  practice  in  schools,  and 
consequently  the  sin  of  early  life,  a  period  of  existence 
in  which  it  is  desirable,  both  for  general  and  individual 
good,  that  habits  of  truth  and  integrity  should  be  acquir- 
ed and  strictly  adhered  to.  I  mean  the  pernicious  cus- 
tom which  prevails  amongst  boys  and  probably  girls,  of 
getting  their  schoolfellows  to  do  their  exercises  for  them, 
or  consenting  to  do  the  same  office  for  others. 

Some  will  say,  "  but  it  will  be  so  ill-natured  to  refuse 
to  write  one's  schoolfellows' exercises,  especially  when 
they  cannot  write  for  themselves." 

But,  leaving  the  question  of  truth  and  falsehood 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  71 

Extravagance,  eks-trav'a-ganse,  superfluous  expense. 

Splendor,  elegance  of  appearance,  brilliancy. 

The  following,  the  ensuing,  the  succeeding. 

Medical  man,  physician,  practitioner  in  medicine. 

Desires,  requests,  solicits,  asks. 

What  is  the  instance  of  practical  lying  in  the  medical 
man  1  What  is  his  motive  ?  Is  it  right  ?  Wrhy 
not  ?  Is  he  generally  successful  in  his  object  ? — 
Give  an  original  instance  of  the  same  kind. 

What  does  an  author  sometimes  do  ? 

Edition.     What  is  meant  by  an  edition  ? 

Sold,  vended,  took  a  price  for  it. 

Fatal,  destructive,  ruinous  to  a  man's  property  and 
principles. 

Pitiable,  worthy  of  commiseration. 

What  is  the  practical  lie  here  mentioned  ? 

Bankruptcy,  entire  loss-of  property,  ruin  of  an  estate. 

"  Gulf  of  bankruptcy."     Why  is  this  term  used  ? 

Put  off,  postpone,  defer,  procrastinate. 

Visionary,  futile,  nugatory,  vain,  like  a  dream  or  vis- 
ion. 

Launch  out,  plunge  into.     Whence  the  allusion  1 

-Credit,  character,  belief,  trust,  believe. 


However,  hou-ev'  fir,  notwithstanding. 

Early  life,  youthful  days,  morning  of  existence. 

Why  is  it  desirable  that  good  habits  should  be  form- 
ed early  ? 

Are  habits  of  truth  to  be  preferred  in  a  temporal  view  ? 

Integrity,  moral  soundness,  veracity,  honesty,  probity. 

Adhered  to,  observed,  attended  to,  regarded. 

School-fellows,  associates  in  study. 

Exercises,  lessons,  prescribed  tasks,  especially  com- 
positions. 

-Office,  shop,  house  for  any  business,  employment, 
work. 

Ill-natured,  unkind,  ill-tempered. 


72  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

gued  a  while,  let  us  examine  coolly  that  part  of  th« 
probable  good  or  evil  done  to  the  parties  obliged. 

What  are  children  sent  to  school  for  ?  To  learn. 
And  when  there,  what  are  the  motives  to  make  them 
learn?  Dread  of  punishment  and  hope  of  distinction 
and  reward.  There  are  few  children  so  stupid,  as  not 
to  be  led  on  to  industry  by  one  or  both  of  these  motives, 
however  indolent  they  may  be  ;  but,  if  these  motives  be 
not  allowed  their  proper  scope  of  action,  the  stupid  boy 
will  never  take  the  trouble  to  learn,  if  he  finds  he  can 
avoid  punishment,  and  gain  reward,  by  prevailing  on 
some  more  diligent  boy  to  do  his  exercises  for  him. 
Those,  therefore,  who  thus  indulge  their  schoolfellows, 
do  it  at  the  expense  of  their  future  welfare,  and  are  in 
reality  foes  when  they  fancied  themselves  friends.  But, 
generally  speaking,  they  have  not  even  this  excuse  for 
their  pernicious  compliance,  since  it  springs  from  want 
of  sufficient  firmness  to  say  710  ; — and  deny  an  earnest 
request  at  the  command  of  principle.  But,  to  such  I 
would  put  this  question,  u  which  is  the  real  friend  to  a 
child,  the  person  who  gives  it  the  sweatmeats  it  asks  for, 
at  the  risk  of  making  it  ill,  merely  because  it  were  so 
hard,  to  refuse  the  dear  little  thing  :  or  the  person  who, 
considering  only  the  interest  and  health  of  the  child,  re- 
sists its  importunities,  though  grieved  to  deny  its  re- 
quest ?  No  doubt  that  they  would  give  the  palm  of  real 
kindness,  real  good  nature  to  the  latter ;  and  in  like 
manner  the  boy  who  refuses  to  do  his  schoolfellow's 
task  is  more  truly  kind,  more  truly  goodnatured,  to  him 
than  he  who,  by  indulging  his  indolence,  runs  the  risk 
of  making  him  a  dunce  for  life.  But  some  may  reply, 
;'  it  would  make  one  odious  in  the  school,  were  one  to 
refuse  the  common  compliance  with  the  wants  and  wish- 
es of  one's  companions.''  Not,  if  the  refusal  were  de- 
clared to  be  the  result  of  principle,  and  every  aid  not 
contrary  to  it  were  offered  and  afforded  !  and  there  arc 
many  ways  in  which  schoolfellows  may  assist  each  oth- 
er, without  any  violation  of  truth,  and  without  sharing 
with  them  in  the  practical  lie,  by  imposing  upon  their 
masters,  as  theirs,  lessons  which  they  never  wrote. 

How  often  have  I  heard  men  in  mature  life  say, 
"  Dh  !  I  knew  such  a  one  at  school  ;  he  was  a  verr 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  73 

•Examine,  look  into,  investigate,  consider. 
-Obliged,  6-blijd',  obligated,  assisted. 
For  what  are  children  sent  to  school  ? 
Is  dread  of  punishment  a  proper  motive  ? 
Is  hope    of  distinction   and   reward   a  proper   mo- 
tive? 

What  are  the  proper  motives  1 
-Scope,  skope,  sphere,  place,  sufficient  ground. 
Stupid,  dull,  senseless,  heedless,  dozing. 
Prevailing  on,  inducing,  persuading. 
Diligent,  studious,  active. 
Therefore,  consequently. 
Expense,  loss,  hazard. 

Welfare,  good,  usefulness,  success,  prosperity. 
Foe?,  enemies,  unfriendly,  inimical. 
Pernicious,  hurtful,  ruinous. 

-Springs,  fountains,  proceeds,  arises,  flows,  heads. 
Earnest,  importunate,  ardent. 

Principle,    moral   obligation,   settled    moral  convic- 
tion. 

From  what  does  this  practice  at  schools  arise  ? 
What  question  doe^  the  author  propose  ? 
-Hard,  uncompl/mg,  difficult,  severe,  painful. 
Importunities,  earnest  entreaties,  untimely  requests. 
Grieved,  hurt,  sorry,  pained. 

-Palm,  ipiier  part  of  the  hand,  tree,  meed,  reward. 
Good  nature,  kind  disposition. 
Indolence,  idleness,  laziness,  slothful  disposition. 
Dunce,  foolish  fellow,  blockhead. 
Odious,  hateful,  abominable,  detested. 
One,  single,  alone,  a  single  individual. 
Companions,  associates,  mates. 
.Refusal,  denial. 
By  refusing  to  do  another's  task  would  you  violate 

friendship  1  Ought  you  to  assist  in  every  proper 

way? 
What  is  meant  by  violating  principle  ?  Is  it  the  same 

as  telling  a  lie  ?  What  very  important  law  do  you 

break  by  violating  principle  7 
Mature,  full,  manly,  ripe. 


74  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

good  fellow,  but  so  dull  !  I  have  often  done  his  exercis- 
es for  him."  Or  1  have  heard  the  contrary  asserted, 
"  Such  a  one  was  a  very  clever  boy  at  school  indeed  : 
he  has  done  many  an  exercise  for  me  ;  for  he  was  very 
good  natured."  Arid  in  neither  case  was  the  speaker 
conscious  that  he  had  been  guilty  of  the  meanness  of  de- 
ception himself  or  been  accessary  to  it  in  another. 

Parents  also  correct  their  children's  exercises,  and 
thereby  enable  them  to  put  a  deceit  on  their  master  ; 
not  only  by  this  means  convincing  their  offspring  of 
their  own  total  disregard  of  truth  ;  a  conviction  doubt- 
less most  pernicious  in  its  effects  on  their  young  minds  ; 
but  as  full  of  folly  as  it  is  of  laxity  of  principle  :  since 
the  deceit  cannot  fail  of  being  detected,  whenever  the 
parents  are  not  at  hand  to  afford  their  assistance.  But 
is  it  necessary  that  this  school  delinquency  should  ex- 
ist ?  Is  it  not  advisable  that  children  should  learn  the 
rudiments  of  truth,  rather  than  falsehood,  with  those  of 
their  mother  tongue  and  the  classics  ?  Surely  parents 
ought  to  be  tremblingly  solicitous  that  their  chil- 
dren should  always  speak  truth,  and  be  corrected  for 
falsehood.  Yet,  of  what  use  would  it  be  to  correct  a 
child  for  telling  a  spontaneous  lie,  on  the  impulse  of 
strong  temptation,  if  that  child  be  in  the  daily  habit  of 
deceiving  his  master  on  system,  and  of  assisting  others 
to  do  so  1  While  the  present  practice  with  regard  to 
exercise  making  exists  ;  while  boys  and  girls  go  up  to 
their  preceptors  with  lies  in  their  hands,  whence,  some- 
times, no  doubt,  they  are  transferred  to  their  lips  ;  eve- 
ry hope  that  truth  will  be  taught  in  schools,  as  a  neces- 
sary moral  duty,  must  be  totally,  and  forever,  annihilate 
ed. 


LESSON  XV. 

Omnipresence  of  Deity. — SPIRIT  AND  MANNERS  OF  THE 
AGE. 

Above — below — where'er  I  gaze, 

Thy  guiding  finger,  Lord,  I  view, 
Trac'd  in  the  midnight  planet's  blaze, 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  75 

What  is  meant  by  "  good  fellow"  in  this  case  ? 

Heard,  herd.     Compliance,  kom-pli'  anse. 

Assented,  declared,  said,  made  known. 

Clever,  obliging,  ingenious,  apt,  promising. 

-Done,  performed,  completed,  set  aside. 

Deception,  lying,  deceiving,  falsehood. 

Accessary  to,  knowing  to,  helping  of,  partner  of. 

-Correct,  amend,  chastise,  take  out  defects. 

-Put,  impose,  place,  lay  down,  practice. 

-Offspring,  of7  spring,  children,  generation,  produc- 
tion. 

tfpell  doubtless,  pernicious,  principle. 

What  bad  practice  of  parents  is  here  noticed  ?  Can 
the  deceit  fail  of  being  detected  1  Is  such  a  prac- 
tice very  foolish  1 

Delinquency,  fault,  failure,  deception. 

Rudiments,  first  principles,  elements. 

Mother  tongue,  own  language,  vernacular  speech. 

Classics,  writers  of  standard  reputation,  Greek  and 
Roman  authors. 

.Tremblingly.     Change  it  into  a  verb. 

-Spontaneous,  natural,  unprovoked,  ready. 

System,  regular  manner,  steadily. 

Preceptors,  masters,  teachers,  instructors. 

Lies  in  their  hands.     Why  is  this  expression  used  ? 

No  doubt,  dout,  without  controversy,  doubtless. 

Transferred,  carried,  borne. 

Moral,  of  moral  obligation,  religious. 

Totally,  radically,  entirely,  wholly. 

Omnipresence,  compounded  of  two  Latin  words,  un- 
bounded presence,  ubiquity. 

Deity,  divine  being,  the  nature  and  essence  of  God, 
the  supposed  divinity  of  a  heathen  god,  a  fabulous 
god. 

Above,  over  head,  on  the  natural  heavens. 

Below,  on  earth,  in  opposition  to  heaven. 
.Gaze,  look  intently  and  earnestly. 
.Guiding  finger,  wisely  directing  power. 

Midnight  planet's.    What  is  meant  by  it  ? 

Traced,  marked  out,  discovered  by  remaining 
marks. 


SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Or  glistening  in  the  morning  dew  ; 
Whate'er  is  beautiful  or  fair, 
Is  but  thine  own  reflection  there. 

I  hear  thee  in  the  stormy  wind, 

That  turns  the  ocean  wave  to  foam  ; 

Nor  less  thy  wond'rous  power  I  find, 
When  summer  airs  around  me  roam  ; 

The  tempest  and  the  calm  declare 

Thyself — for  thou  art  every  where. 

I  find  thee  in  the  noon  of  night, 
And  read  thy  name  in  every  star 

That  drinks  its  splendor  from  the  light 
That  flows  from  mercy's  beaming  car : 

Thy  footstool,  Lord,  each  starry  gem 

Composes — not  thy  diadem. 

And  when  the  radiant  orb  of  light 

Hath  tipp'd  the  mountain  tops  with  gold* 

Smote  with  the  blaze,  my  wearied  sight 
Shrinks  from  the  wonders  I  behold ; 

That  ray  of  glory,  bright  and  fair, 

Is  but  thy  living  shadow  there. 

Thine  is  the  silent  noon  of  night, 
The  twilight  eve — the  dewy  morn  ; 

Whate'er  is  beautiful  and  bright, 

Thine  hands  have  fashiori'd  to  adorn  : 

Thy  glory  walks  in  every  sphere, 

And  all  things  whisper,  "  God  is  here  !'* 


LESSON  XVI. 

The  Voyage  of  Life;  an  Allegory. — DR.  JOHNSON, 

"  Life,"  says  Seneca,  "  is  a  voyage,  in  the  progress 
of  which  we  are  perpetually  changing  our  scenes.  We 
first  leave  childhood  behind  us,  then  youth,  then  the 
years  of  ripened  manhood,  then  the  better,  or  more 
pleasing  part  of  old  age."  The  perusal  of  this  passage 
having  excited  in  me  a  train  of  reflections  on  the  state 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  77 

•Glistening,  glis's'ning,  sparkling  with  light. 

-Whatever.  From  what  derived  7  What  does  it  im- 
port? 

Thine  own  reflection,  the  image  of  thyself  throwr* 
back,  or  reflected. 

Wind,  motion  of  the  air,  direction  of  the  blast  from  a 
particular  point. 

.Foam,  agitated  waters,  froth,  white  substance  which 
fermentation  gathers  on  the  surface  of  liquors. 

Nor  less,  &c.  The  power  that  produces  the  calm- 
ness of  a  summer's  day  is  not  less  remarkable,  than 
that  which  "  rides  on  the  whirlwind,  and  directs 
the  storm." 

Noon  of  night.  What  time  is  intended  by  this  ex- 
pression 7  Whence  its  propriety  7 

Read  thy  name,  &c.  Whose  name  7  In  what  sense 
is  this  true  7 

Drinks.     What  figure  is  here  used  7 

Mercy's  beaming  car.  Give  the  literal  meaning  of 
the  words  separately.  Give  the  figurative  mean- 
ing. 

Diadem,  crown,  mark  of  royalty  worn  on  the  head. 
This  couplet  implies  that  the  invisible  glory  of  God 
vastly  transcends  all  that  can  be  seen  in  the  natural 
world.  "  How  little  a  portion  can  be  known  of 
Him  !" 

.Radiant,  shining,  emitting  rays.  What  is  meant  by 
radiant  orb  7 

Tipped,  to  cover  the  top,  end,  or  extremities.    With 

gold,  golden  color. 
-.Sight.     Spell  wearied,  shrinks,  bright. 

Shadow,  imperfect  and  faint  representation. 

In  what  sense  may  Deity  be  seen  in  all  these  objects  7 
be  heard  in  the  storm,  wind,  &c.  7  They  are  proof* 
of  infinite  power,  wisdom,  and  goodness,  such  as 
belong  only  to  God. 

What  is  an  allegory  7  Does  it  often  occur  ?  See  App. 

Who  was  Seneca  7     Did  he  teach  the  Christian  mor- 
ality 7 
-Ripened,  full,  mellow,  ready  for  use,  mature. 

.Perusal,  reading,  examination. 

Reflections,  thoughts,  censures,  throwing  back. 


78  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

of  man,  the  incessant  fluctuation  of  his  wishes,  tlh 
gradual  change  of  his  disposition  to  all  external  objects, 
and  the  thoughtlessness  with  which  he  floats  along  the 
stream  of  time,  I  sunk  into  a  slumber  amidst  my  medi- 
tations, and,  on  a  sudden,  found  my  ears  filled  with  the 
tumult  of  labor,  the  shouts  of  alacrity,  the  shrieks  ot" 
alarm,  the  whistle  of  winds,  and  the  dash  of  waters.  My 
astonishment  for  a  time  repressed  my  curiosity  ;  but 
soon  recovering  myself  so  far  as  to  inquire  whither  we 
were  going,  and  what  was  the  cause  of  such  clamor  and 
confusion,  I  was  told  that  we  were  launching  into  the 
ocean  of  life  ;  that  we  had  already  passed  the  straits  of 
infancy,  in  which  multitudes  have  perished,  some  by 
the  weakness  and  fragility  of  their  vessels,  and  more  by 
the  folly,  perverseness,  or  negligence,  of  those  who  un- 
dertook to  steer  them  ;  and  that  we  were  now  on  the 
main  sea,  abandoned  to  the  winds  and  billows,  without 
any  other  means  of  security  than  the  care  of  the  pilot, 
whom  it  is  always  in  our  power  to  choose,  among  great 
numbers  that  offer  their  direction  and  assistance. 

I  then  looked  round  with  anxious  eagerness:  and, 
first  turning  my  eyes  behind  me,  saw  a  stream  flowing- 
through  flowery  islands,  which  every  one  that  sailed 
along  seemed  to  behold  with  pleasure  ;  but  no  sooner 
touched  them,  than  the  current,  which  though  not  noisy 
or  turbulent,  was  yet  irresistible,  bore  him  away.  Be- 
yond these  islands,  all  was  darkness ;  nor  could  any  of 
the  passengers  describe  the  shore  at  which  he  first  em- 
barked. 

Before  me,  and  on  each  side,  was  an  expanse  of  wa- 
ters violently  agitated,  and  covered  with  so  thick  a  mist, 
that  the  most  perspicacious  eyes  could  see  but  a  little 
way.  It  appeared  to  be  full  of  rocks  and  whirlpools  ; 
for  many  sunk  unexpectedly  while  they  were  courting 
the  gale  with  full  sails,  and  insulting  those  whom  they 
had  left  behind.  So  numerous,  indeed,  were  the  dan- 
gers, and  so  thick  the  darkness,  that  no  caution  could 
confer  security.  Yet  there  were  many,  who,  by  false 
intelligence  betrayed  their  followers  into  whirlpools,  or 
by  violence  pushed  those  whom  they  found  in  their  way 
against  the  rocks. 

The  current  was  invariable  and  insurmountable  :  but 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  79 

^Fluctuation,  changes,  motion  of  the  waves. 
.Thoughtlessness,  state  of  being  without  thought. 
Stream  of  time.     From  what  object  is  the  metaphor 

taken  1 

Alacrity,  sprightly  movement,  cheerfulness,  readiness. 
.Shrieks,  shreeks,  cries  of  anguish  or  horror. 
Repressed,  silenced,  crushed,  put  down. 
.Launching,  lansh'ing.     Whence  the  figure  ? 
.Straits,  difficulties,  narrow  passages  from  one  sea  to> 

another. 

Fragility,  brittleness,  easily  broken. 
What  is  meant  by  the  vessels  1 
Spell  perverseness,  negligence,  ocean. 
Main  sea.     What  is  meant  by  this? 
Billows,  bil'los,  waves  swollen. 
Who  is  meant  by  the  pilot  7 
"Direction,  de-rek'shuu. 
•  Eagerness,  earnestness. 
Through,  throo,  from  end  to  end. 
•Islands.     What  are  islands  ? 
Touched,  came  to,  moved. 
Turbulent,  violent,  passionate,  cross. 
.Current.    What  is  intended  by  this  ?    What  is  meant 

by  the  islands  ? 

Embarked,  went  on  board  the  ship. 
Expanse,  the  sky,  the  level  extension. 
.Perspicacious,  quicksighted,  keen  to  discern. 
.Whirlpools,  water  moving  circularly.     What  are  oft' 

Norway  1 
Courting  the  gale,  soliciting  the  wind.     What  period 

of  life  is  here  represented? 
Dangers,  darie'jurs,  perils,  hazards. 
Confer,  kon-fer,  bestow,  compare,  to  discourse  with 

one  another. 
Betrayed,   became  faithless  to,  abandoned,  delivered 

up. 
Followers.     Change  it  into  a  verb.     Which  is   the 

primitive  ? 
Against,  a-genst'. 
.Invariable,  constant,  unalterable. 
Insurmountable,  not  to  be  overcome,  invincible. 


SO  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

though  it  was  impossible  to  sail  against  it,  or  to  return 
to  the  place  that  was  once  passed,  yet  it  was  not  so  vio- 
lent as  to  allow  no  opportunity  for  dexterity  or  courage  ; 
since  though  none  could  retreat  back  from  danger,  yet 
they  might  often  avoid  it  by  oblique  direction.  It  was, 
however,  not  very  common  to  steer  with  much  care  or 
prudence;  for,  by  some  universal  infatuation, every  man 
appeared  to  think  himself  safe,  though  he  saw  his  con- 
sorts every  moment  sinking  around  him  ;  and  no  sooner 
had  the  waves  closed  over  them,  than  their  fate  and  mis- 
conduct were  forgotten ;  the  voyage  was  pursued  with 
the  same  jocund  confidence  ;  every  man  congratulated 
himself  upon  the  soundness  of  his  vessel,  and  believed 
himself  able  to  stem  the  whirlpool  in  which  his  friend 
was  swallowed,  or  glide  over  the  rocks  on  which  he  was 
dashed  ;  nor  was  it  often  observed  that  the  sight  of  a 
wreck  made  any  man  change  his  course.  If  he  turned 
aside  for  a  moment,  he  soon  forgot  the  rudder,  and  left 
himself  again  to  the  disposal  of  chance. 

This  negligence  did  riot  proceed  from  indifference,  or 
from  weariness  of  their  present  condition ;  for  not  one 
of  those  who  thus  rushed  upon  destruction,  failed, 
when  he  was  sinking,  to  call  loudly  upon  his  associates 
for  that  help  which  could  not  now  be  given  him  :  and 
many  spent  their  last  moments  in  cautioning  others, 
against  the  folly  by  which  they  were  intercepted  in  the 
midst  of  their  course.  Their  benevolence  was  some- 
times praised,  but  their  admonitions  were  unregarded. 

The  vessels  in  which  we  had  embarked,  being  con- 
fessedly unequal  to  the  turbulence  of  the  stream  of  life, 
were  visibly  impaired  in  the  course  of  the  voyage,  so 
that  every  passenger  was  certain,  that  how  long  soever 
he  might,  by  favorable  accidents,  or  by  incessant  vigi- 
lauce,  be  preserved,  he  must  sink  at  last. 


LESSON  XVII. 
The  same>  concluded. 

This  necessity  of  perishing  might  have  been  expect- 
ed to  sadden  the  gay,  and  intimidate  the  daring;  at  least 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  81 

Passed,  past. 

Spell  opportunity,  violent,  courage,  since. 

Dexterity,  good  management,  nimbleness,  cunning. 

None,  nun,  not  any  one. 

-.Oblique  direction,  ob-like',  indirect  course,  not  par- 
allel. 
.Infatuation,  madness,  being  struck  with  folly. 

Consorts,  companions,  partners. 

Waves  closed  over  them.     What  is  here  meant  ? 

Misconduct,  errors  in  conduct.  Of  what  compounded  ? 

Jocund,  merry,  airy,  laughing. 
.Congratulated,  wished  joy  to,  complimented. 

•Stem,  meet,  encounter,  sprout,  stock,  generation. 

Swallowed,  swoMod,  absorbed,  taken  in. 
-Dashed,  driven  upon,  broken. 

Sight  of  a  wreck.      What  does  it  mean  1 

Rudder,  part  that  steers  a  ship,  helm. 

Chance,  tshanse,  fortune.     Is  there  any  such  thing  ? 

Spell  neglige  nee,  disposal,  weariness. 

Destruction,  de-struk'shun. 

Sinking.     What  is  understood  by  this  ? 

Associates.     Who  are  they  ? 
,    Last  moments,  of  what  ? 

Intercepted,  stopped,  interrupted. 

Spell  necessity,  turbulence,  voyage. 

Had  embarked.     Are  all  mankind  embarked  ? 

Impaired,  weakened.     In  what  manner  impaired  ? 

Passenger,  pas'sin-jur,  way-faring  man,  traveller. 

Certain.     How  could  they  gain  this  certainty  ? 

At  last.    What  time  is  here  referred  to  ? 


Perishing.     From  what  derived  1 

Sadden.  Change  it  into  an  adjective — into  a  noun — 
into  an  adverb. 

Intimidate,  frighten,  dishearten,  deprive  of  cour- 
age. 


82  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

to  keep  the  melancholy  and  timorous  in  perpetual  tor- 
ments, and  hinder  them  from  any  enjoyment  of  the  va- 
rieties and  gratifications  which  nature  offered  them  as  a 
solace  of  their  labors  ;  yet  in  effect  none  seemed  less  to 
expect  destruction  than  those  to  whom  it  was  most 
dreadful ;  they  all  had  the  art  of  concealing  their  dan- 
ger from  themselves  ;  and  those  who  knew  their  inabil- 
ity  to  hear  the  sight  of  the  terrors  that  embarrassed 
their  way,  took  care  never  to  look  forward ;  but  found 
some  amusement  of  the  present  moment,  and  generally 
entertained  themselves  by  playing  with  Hope,  who  was 
the  constant  associate  of  the  voyage  of  Life.  Yet  all 
that  hope  ventured  to  promise,  even  to  those  whom  she 
favored  most,  was,  not  that  they  should  escape,  but  that 
they  should  sink  at  last;  and  with  this  promise  every 
one  was  satisfied,  though  he  laughed  at  the  rest  for 
seeming  to  believe  it.  Hope,  indeed,  apparently  mock- 
ed the  credulity  of  her  companions  ;  for,  in  proportion 
as  their  vessels  grew  leaky,  she  redoubled  her  assuran- 
ces of  safety  ;  and  none  were  more  busy  in  making  pre- 
paration for  a  long  voyage,  than  they  whom  all  but 
themselves  saw  likely  to  perish  soon  by  irreparable  de- 
cay. 

In  the  midst  of  the  current  of  Life,  was  the  gulf  of  In- 
temperance, a  dreadful  whirlpool,  interspersed  with 
rocks,  of  which  the  pointed  crags  were  concealed  under 
water,  and  the  tops  covered  with  herbage,  on  which, 
Ease  spread  couches  of  repose;  and  with  shades  where 
pleasure  warbled  the  song  of  invitation.  Within  sight 
of  these  rocks,  all  who  sail  on  the  ocean  of  life  must 
necessarily  pass.  Reason,  indeed,  was  always  at  hand, 
to  steer  the  passengers  through  the  narrow  outlet  by 
which  they  might  escape ;  but  very  few  could,  by  her 
entreaties  or  remonstrances,  be  induced  to  put  the  rud- 
der into  her  hand,  without  stipulating  that  she  should 
approach  so  near  the  rocks  of  Pleasure,  that  they  might 
solace  themselves  with  a  short  enjoyment  of  that  deli- 
cious region;  after  which  they  determined  to  pursue 
their  course  without  any  deviation. 

Reason  was  too  often  prevailed  upon  so  far  by  these 
promises,  as  to  venture  her  charge  without  the  eddy  of 
the  gulf  of  Intemperance  where,  indeed,  the  circumvo- 


ANALYTICAL  READER,  83 

Timorous,  fearful,  cowardly. 

Spell  melancholy,  perpetual,  varieties. 

Nature.     What  is  meant  by  this  term  1 

Solace  of,  balm  for,  consolation. 

Dreadful,  dred'ful,  tremendous. 

Art  of  concealing.     What  was  it  ? 

Embarrassed,  hindered,  perplexed. 

Amusement.     Change  it  into  a  verb.     Which  is  the 
primitive  ? 

Playing  with  hope.     What  is  this  sport  ? 
-Associate,  attendant,  companion,  unite. 

Escape.     From  what  ? 

Promise.     What  is  a  promise  ? 

-Apparently,  ap-pa'rent-le,  openly,  not  really. 

Credulity,  easiness  of  belief,  foolish  confidence. 

Leaky.      In   what    period    of  life    does    this    take 
place  1 

Spell  satisfied,  redoubled,  voyage. 

More  busy.     Was  this  an  act  of  wisdom  1 

Spell  provisions,  irreparable,  water,  gulf. 

Irreparable,  not  to  be  repaired,  unavoidable. 

Intemperance,  excess,  inebriation. 

.Interspersed,  scattered  among,  abounding. 

Pointed  crags.     What  is  meant  by  them  ? 

.Herbage,  er'bidje,  grass,  plants. 

Ease.     What  is  a  personification  1     See  App. 

Warbled   the  song.      Whence   is   the   figure    deriv- 
ed? 

Necessarily,   of  inevitable    consequence,    unavoida- 
bly. 

Reason.     Is  this  an  important  faculty  of  the  mind  1 

Outlet.     Why  is  this  outlet  called  narrow  ? 

Remonstrances,  strong  reasons,  pleadings  against. 

Stipulating,  agreeing,  bargaining. 

Rocks  of  pleasure.     Why  is  this  image  used  ? 

Delicious,  delightful,  agreeable  to  the  senses. 

Deviation,  turning,  going  aside. 

Eddy,  a  whirling  in  the  water. 

Gulf  of  intemperance.     Are  many  lost  in  this  gulf? 

Circumvolution,  rolling  round. 


84  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

lution  was  weak,  but  yet  interrupted  the  course  of  the 
vessel,  and  drew  it  by  insensible  rotations,  towards  tjie 
centre.  She  then  repented  her  temerity,  and  with  all 
her  force  endeavored  to  retreat ;  but  the  draught  of  the 
gulf  was  generally  too  strong  to  be  overcome ;  and  the 
passenger  having  danced  in  circles  with  a  pleasing  and 
giddy  velocity,  was  at  last  overwhelmed  and  lost.  Those 
few  whom  Reason  was  able  to  extricate,  generally  suf- 
fered so  many  shocks  upon  the  points  which  shot  out 
from  the  rocks  of  pleasure,  that  they  were  unable  to 
continue  their  course  with  the  same  strength  and  facil- 
ity as  before ;  but  floated  along  timorously  and  feebly, 
endangered  by  every  breeze,  and  shattered  by  every  ruf- 
fle of  ^he  water,  till  they  sunk,  by  slow  degrees,  after 
long  struggles,  and  innumerable  expedients,  always  re- 
pining at  their  own  folly,  and  warning  others  against 
the  first  approach  towards  the  gulf  of  Intemperance. 

There  were  artists  who  professed  to  repair  the  breach- 
es and  stop  the  leaks,  of  the  vessels  which  had  been 
shattered  on  the  rocks  of  Pleasure.  Many  appeared  to 
have  great  confidence  in  their  skill ;  and  some,  indeed, 
were  preserved  by  it  from  sinking,  who  had  received  on- 
ly a  single  blow ;  but  I  remarked  that  few  vessels  lasted 
long  which  had  been  much  repaired ;  nor  was  it  found 
that  the  artists  themselves  continued  afloat  longer  than 
those  who  had  least  of  their  assistance. 

The  onty  advantage  which,  in  the  voyage  of  Life,  the 
cautious  had  above  the  negligent,  was  that  they  sunk  la- 
ter, and  more  suddenly  ;  for  they  had  passed  forward 
till  they  had  sometimes  seen  all  those  in  whose  company 
they  had  issued  from  the  straits  of  infancy,  perish  in  the 
way  ;  and  were  at  last  overset  by  a  cross- breeze,  with- 
out the  toil  of  resistance,  or  the  anguish  of  expectation. 

But  such  as  had  often  fallen  against  the  rocks  of 
Pleasure,  commonly  subsided  by  sensible  degrees  ;  con- 
tended long  with  the  encroaching  waters  ;  and  harassed 
themselves  by  labors  that  scarcely  Hope  herself  could 
flatter  with  success. 

As  I  was  looking  upon  the  various  fates  of  the  multi- 
tude about  me,  I  was  suddenly  alarmed  by  some  un- 
known power  :  "  Gaze  not  idly  upon  others,  when  thou 
thyself  art  sinking.  Whence  is  this  thoughtless  Iran- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  85 

Interrupted,  stopped,  impeded,  hindered, 
flotations,  whirlings,  vicissitudes. 
.Temerity,  rashness,  inconsiderate  boldness. 
-.Draught,  rough  sketch,  drawing  in,  quantity  of  liquor 

to  be  taken  at  once. 
Endeavored,  made  an  effort. 
Danced,  dansd. 
Velocity,  swiftness,  rapidity. 
^Overwhelmed,  covered  over,  buried. 
Extricate,  set  free,  disembarrass,  recover. 
Shocks.     What  is  to  be  understood  by  shocks  ? 
Facility,  ease,  readiness,  promptitude. 
-Innumerable,  numberless,  without  number. 
Expedients,  devices,  shifts. 
They  sunk.     What  persons  are  these  ? 
First,  furst. 

Artists,  skilful  workmen.     Who  are  these  artists  ? 
.Breaches,  leaks. 
-Gulf,  pit,  abyss. 

-Remarked,  observed,  said,  made  a  saying. 
Repaired,  mended,  went  to. 
Afloat.     What  is  meant  by  being  afloat  1 
Continued,  kon-t!nxud. 

Advantage,  ad-van'tadje,  superiority,  gain,  profit. 
More  suddenly*     Why  did  they  sink  more  suddenly  ? 
Those.     What  persons  are  intended  ? 
-.Issued,  ish'shud,  came  out,  proceeded,  descended. 
Cross-breeze,  counter  wind.  What  does  it  represent  ? 
Expectation.     Does  it  differ  from  hope  ? 
Subsided,  sunk,  calmed  down. 
-.Sensible,  visible,  reasonable,  judicious. 
.Harassed,  har'assd,  vexed,  fatigued. 
-Scarcely,  skarse'le. 
Hope.     Why  of  the  feminine  gender  ? 
Fates,  destinies,  circumstances,  fortunes. 
-Power,  authority,  superior  beings. 
.Tranquillity,  calmness,  composure. 
Jdly,  lazily,  carelessly. 
.Endangered,  derived  from  danger,  exposed. 
Spell  intemperance,  gaze,  equally. 
8 


86  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

quillity,  when  thou  and  they  are  equally  endangered  ?" 
I  looked,  and  seeing  the  gulf  of  Intemperance  before 
me,  started  and  awaked. 


LESSON  XVIII. 

Montpelier — THE  TOKEN. 

How  fair,  beneath  Virginian  skies, 
Montpelier  strikes  the  traveller's  eyes  ; 
Emerging  from  its  forest  bower. 
Like  feudal  chieftian's  lonely  tower  ; 
With  parks,  and  lawns,  and  gardens  drest  ; 
In  peaceful  verdure  proudly  blest. 
What  blended  charms  arrest  the  sight  ! 
The  distant  mountain's  misty  height, 
The  circling  prospect's  cultured  bound, 
The  echoing  temple's  attic  round, 
The  locust-copse,  where  warblers  throng 
And  pour  to  heaven  the  festal  song, 
The  flowers  in  bright  profusion  seen, 
The  luscious  fig's  luxuriant  green, 
The  clasping  vines,  whose  clusters  fair 
Seem  as  of  genial  France  the  care, 
The  bright  eyed  pheasant,  beauteous  guest, 
The  eastern  bird  With  gorgeous  vest, 
Still  for  bis  mimic  speech  caress'd, 
The  snowy  jessamine  that  towers 
Soft  curtain  of  the  mighty  bowers  ; 
While  "  China's  pride"  to  favoring  rays 
Its  purple,  pensile  spikes  displays  ; 
Those  halls,  whose  various  stores  impart 
The  classic  pencil's  magic  art, 
The  chisel's  life-bestowing  power, 
The  lore  that  cheats  the  studious  hour, 
And  music's  strains,  which  vainly  vie 
With  the  touch'd  spirit's  melody. 
Here  wisdom  rests  in  sylvan  shade, 
Which  once  an  empire's  councils  sway'd 
And  goodness,  whose  persuasive  art 
So  justly  won  that  empire's  heart  ; 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  87 

.Montpelier,  seat  of  James  Madison,  late  President  of 
the  United  States.     Where  are  other  places  of  the 
same  name  ? 
Beneath  Virginian  skies,  in  the  State  or  climate  of 

Virginia. 

Strikes,  appears  to,  affects,  acts  upon,  inflicts  a  blow. 

.Emerging,  rising  from.     Bower,  shade,  screen,  arbor. 

.Feudal  chieftain's,  lord  of  a  district  of  country,  where 

vassals  pay  him  fees,  rents,  or  some  service,  as  the 

tenure  by  which  they  hold  their  lands,  tenements, 

&c.  of  him. 

Parks,  grounds  inclosed  and  stored  with  beasts  of 

chase.     Lawn  opening  between  woods. 
.Verdure,  ver'  jiire,  green,  greenness,  fresh  foliage. 
Misty,  clouded,  overspread  with  mist,  indistinct. 
Circling  prospect.     How  would  you  take  such  a  pros- 
pect ? 
Attic,  from  Attica,  or  Athens,  a  kind  of  architecture 

common  at  Athens. 

Copse,  short  wood. — Warblers.     What  are  they  ? 
Festal,  joyous,  belonging  to  a  feast. 
Luscious,  delightful,  pleasing,  excessively  sweet. 
Genial  France.     A  country  of  which  the  vine  is  a  na- 
tive. 

Pheasant,  a  beautiful  large  bird  of  game,  nearly  alli- 
ed in  nature  to  common  poultry.  ' 
Eastern  bird.     To  what  bird  does  this  description 

apply  ? 
.Jessamine,  a  very  elegant  and  fragrant  flower.    Why 

is  it  called  a  curtain  of  the  bowers  ? 
Favoring,  helping,  supporting,  nourishing. 
-Spikes,  ears  of  corn,  long  pointed  leaves,  iron  nails, 

species  of  lavender. 
Pencil's  magic  art,  paintings. 
•Chisel's — power,  statues,  works  of  the  sculptor. 
Lore,    learning,    instruction,    collection    of    books. 

Cheats,  causes  to  pass  away  imperceptibly. 
.Vie,  contest,  strive  as  a  competitor.     What  is  the 

meaning  of  this  couplet  ? 
Wisdom,  wise  man,  the  abstract  for  the  concrete.    Bv 

what  figure'? 
Won,  gained.     Heart,  love,  esteem,  affection. 


SEQUEL  TO  THE 

And  piety,  with  hoary  hair, 
Who  rising  o'er  this  Eden  fair, 
Beholds,  by  mortal  steps  imtrod, 
A  brighter  Eden  with  its  God. 
Montpelier  !— these  thy  name  have  set 
A  gein  in  Memory's  coronet,— 
Whose  lustre  ruthless  time  shall  spare 
Till  from  her  brow  that  crown  he  tear, 
Till  from  her  page  that  trace  he  rend 
Which  of  a  stranger  made  a  friend. 


LESSON  XIX. 
Pic-nie. — MRS.  BARBAULD. 

Pray,  mamma,  what  is  the  meaning  of  pic-nic  1  I 
have  heard  lately  once  or  twice  of  a  pic-nic  supper,  and 
I  cannot  think  what  it  means ;  I  looked  for  the  word  in 
Johnson's  Dictionary  and  could  not  find  it. 

I  should  wonder  if  you  had  ;  the  word  was  not  coin- 
ed in  Johnson's  time ;  and  if  it  had  been,  I  believe  he 
would  have  disdained  to  insert  it  among  the  legitimate 
words  of  the  language.  I  cannot  tell  you  the  derivation 
of  the  phrase  ;  I  believe  pic-nic  is  originally  a  cant 
word,  and  was  first  applied  to  a  supper  or  other  meal 
in  which  the  entertainment  is  not  provided  by  any  one 
person,  but  each  of  the  guests  furnishes  his  own  dish.. 
In  a  pie-nic  supper  one  supplies  the  fowls,  another  the 
fish,  another  the  wine  and  fruit,  &c. ;  and  they  all 
sit  down  together  and  enjoy  it. 

"  It  is  a  very  sociable  way  of  making  an  entertain- 
ment." 

Yes,  and  I  would  have  you  observe,  that  the  princi- 
ple of  it  may  be  extended  to  many  other  things.  No* 
one  has  a  right  to  be  entertained  gratis  in  society ;  he 
must  expend,  if  he  wishes  to  enjoy.  Conversation  is 
particularly  a  pic-nic  feast,  where  every  one  is  to  contri- 
bute something,  according  to  his  genius  and  ability. 
Different  talents  and  acquirements  compose  the  differ- 
ent dishes  of  the  entertainment,  and  the  greater  variety, 
the  better;  but  every  one  must  bring  something,  for 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  89 

.iloary,  ho7  re,  white,  gray  with  age. 
Eden.     By  what  figure  is  this  spot  so  called  1 
Beholds.     Through  what  medium  1 
By  mortal  steps  uutrod.     Its  happy  occupants  are  not 
subject  to  mortality,  death  hath  no  more  dominion 
over  them. 
These.     What?  Gem,  jewel,  precious  stone. 

.Coronet,  crown.     What  is  the  meaning  of  the  couplet 
in  plain  language  ? 

Ruthless,  root/i*  les,  cruel,  pitiless. 

Spare,  suffer  to  continue,  save,  forbear. 

Brow,  forehead,  lock  of  hair  over  the  eye. 

Her  page.     Whose  page  ?    By  what  figure  1  Trace, 
that  which  is  recorded,  mark,  footstep. 

Mamma,  mam-ma. 

-Pray,  make  petition  to  heaven,  please,  hearken. 

-Looked  for,  searched  for. 

^Dictionary,  lexicon,  vocabulary. 

.Coined,  made,  stamped  as  money,  made  into  money. 

Johnson's  time,  time  when  he  lived,  Who  was  John- 
son 1 

Disdained,  scorned,  considered  as  unworthy  his  char- 
acter. 

Insert,  put  in,  place,  put  among  other  things. 

Legitimate,  authorized,  lawful,  sanctioned. 

Cant,  corrupt,  dialect,  used  by  the  vulgar. 

.Phraze,  fraze,  idiom,  mode  of  speech,  expression. 

.Entertainment,  repast,  refreshment,  supper, 

Guests,  g£sts,  strangers,    persons  entertained  in  the 
house  of  another. 

^Supplies,  furnishes,  relieves,  fills  up  deficiencies, 

.Sociable,   familiar,  friendly,   companionable,   talka- 
tive. 

-Way,  method,  path,  course,  direction. 

Principle,  element,  constituent  part  fundamental  truth. 

Extended,  from  tend,  reached  out,  carried. 

Gratis,  gratuitously,  without  cost  to  one's  self. 

.Conversation,  from  converse. 

Contribute,  kon-trib'ute,  bring  in,  furnish,  give. 

.Acquirements,  acquisitions,  what  is  gamed  by  study. 

Ability,  power  of  doing,  wealth,  influence. 

-Compose,  make  up,  write  music. 
8* 


90  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

society  will  not  tolerate  any  one  long  who  lives  wholh 
at  the  expense  of  his  neighbors.  Did  you  not  observe 
how  agreeably  we  were  entertained  at  Lady  Isabella's 
party  last  night  ?  Yes:  one  of  the  young  Ladies  sung, 
and  another  exhibited  her  drawings ;  and  a  gentleman 
told  some  very  good  stones.  True  :  another  lady  who 
is  very  much  in  the  fashionable  world,  gave  us  a  great 
deal  of  anecdote  ;  Dr.  R.,  who  is  just  returned  from  the 
continent,  gave  us  an  interesting  account  of  the  state  of 
Germany ;  and  in  another  part  of  the  room  a  cluster 
was  gathered  round  an  Edinburgh  student  and  a  young 
Oxonian,  who  were  holding  a  lively  debate  on  the  pow- 
er of  galvanism.  But  Lady  Isabella  herself  was  the 
charm  of  the  party. 

I  think  she  talked  very  little ;  and  I  do  not  recollect 
any  thing  she  said  which  was  particularly  striking. 

That  is  true.  But  it  was  owing  to  her  address  and 
attention  to  her  company  that  others  talked  and  werr 
heard  by  turns  ;  that  the  modest  were  encouraged,  and 
drawn  out,  and  those  inclined  to  be  noisy  restrained  and 
kept  in  order.  She  blended  and  harmonised  the  talents 
of  each  ;  brought  those  together,  who  were  likely  to  be 
agreeable  to  each  other,  and  gave  us  no  more  of  herself 
than  was  necessary  to  set  off  others.  I  noticed  partic- 
ularly her  good  offices  to  an  accomplished  but  very 
bashful  lady  and  reserved  man  of  science,  who  wished 
much  to  be  known  to  one  another,  but  who  never  would 
have  been  so  without  her  introduction.  As  soon  as  sho 
had  fairly  engaged  them  in  an  interesting  conversation, 
the  left  them  regardless  of  her  own  entertainment,  and 

seated  herself  by  poor  Mr. ,  purely  because  he  was 

sitting  in  a  corner  and  no  one  attended  to  him. 

You  know  that  in  chemical  preparations  two  sub- 
stances often  require  a  third,  to  enable  them  to  mix  and 
unite  together.  Lady  Isabella  possesses  this  amalga- 
mating power : — this  is  what  she  brings  to  the  pic-nic. 
I  should  add,  that  two  or  three  times  I  observed  she 
dexterously  changed  topics,  and  suppressed  stories  which 
were  likely  to  bear  hard  on  the  professions  or  connec- 
tions of  some  of  the  company.  In  short,  the  party 
which  was  so  agreeable  under  her  harmonising  influ- 
ence, would  have  had  quite  a  different  aspect  without 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  91 

Tolerate,  endure,  countenance,  suffer,  allow  so  as  not 

to  hinder. 

*Lives,  is  supported. 
.Agreeably,  from  agree.  Change  it  into  a  noun. 

Exhibited,  brought  forth,  showed,  made  to  appear* 

Drawings,   from  draw,   delineations,  representations 

on  paper. 
.Fashionable,  from  fashion,  genteel,  polite. 

Anecdote,  something  yet  unpublished,    biographical 
incident. 

Continent,  all  Europe,  excepting  Great   Britain,  is 
called  the  continent* 

Germany.  Where  is  Germany  1  see  maps. 

Cluster,  company,  collection,  bunch  of  grapes. 

Edinburgh.  Where  situate  ?  What  do  you  know  of  it  / 

Oxonjan,  student  from  Oxford  University. 
.Galvanism,  from  Golvani,  an  Italian  who  discovered 
it,  a  name  given   to  an  influence   produced  by  two 
metals  on  the  muscles. 
-Striking,  affecting,  surprising* 
.  \ttention.     From  what  derived  ? 

By  turns,  alternately,  naturally* 

Modest,  retiring,  bashful,  timid. 

Talents,  abilities,  pieces  of  money,  skill. 

Set  off,  make  appear  to  advantage,  show  well. 

Offices,  attentions,  duties,  marks  of  respect,  honor*, 
.Accomplished,  well  educated,  refined,  learned. 

Science.     Are  science  and  literature  the  same  thing  ' 
-Fairly,  beautifully,  cornmodiously,  completely. 

Regardless,  unmindful,  careless,  inattentive. 
-Purely,  innocently,  without  guilt,  merely. 

Sitting.     Why  would  not  setting  be  proper  1 

Chemical,  relating  to  chemistry,  an  art  by  which  sub- 
stances are  separated. 

Enable,  make  able,  qualify,  fit.    From  what  derived  1 

Amalgamating,   uniting  metals,  mixing,  connecting. 
-Power,  property,  influence,  might,  strength. 

Topics,  subjects,  heads  of  discourse,  matters  of  con- 
versation. 

Professions,  vocations,  callings,  businesses. 

Connections,  from  connect,  relations,  kindred. 

Aspect,  appearance,  countenance,  look. 


92  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

her.  These  merits,  however,  might  easily  escape  a 
young  observer.  But  I  dare  say  you  did  not  fail  to  no- 
tice Sir  Henry  B 's  lady,  who  was  declaiming  with 

so  much  enthusiasm,  in  the  midst  of  a  circle  of  gentle- 
men which  she  had  drawn  around  her,  upon  the  beau 
ideal. 

No  indeed,  mamma;  I  never  heard  so  much  fire 
and  feeling : — and  what  a  flow  of  elegant  language  1 
I  do  not  wonder  her  eloquence  was  so  much  admired. 
She  has  a  great  deal  of  eloquence  and  taste :  she  has- 
travelled  and  is  acquainted  with  the  best  works  of  art. 
I  am  not  sure,  however,  whether  the  gentlemen  were 
admiring  most  her  declamation  or  the  fine  turn  of  her 
hands  and  arms.  She  has  a  different  attitude  for  every 
sentiment.  Some  observations  which  she  made  upon 
the  beauties  of  statues  seemed  to  me  to  go  to  the  verge 
of  what  a  modest  female  will  allow  herself  to  say  upon 
such  subjects, — but  she  has  travelled.  She  was  sensi- 
ble that  she  could  not  fail  to  gain  by  the  conversation, 
while  beauty  of  form  was  the  subject  of  it.  Pray  what 

did ,  thegreat  poet,  bring  to  the  pic-nic,  for  I  think 

he  hardly  opened  his  mouth  1 

He  brought  his  fame.  Many  would  be  gratified  with 
merely  seeing  him  who  had  entertained  them  in  their 
closets ;  and  he  who  had  so  entertained  them  had  a  right 
to  be  himself  entertained  in  that  way  which  he  had  no 
talent  for  joining  in.  Let  every  one,  I  repeat,  bring  to 
the  entertainment  something  of  the  best  he  possesses, 
m\d  the  pic-nic  table  will  seldom  fail  to  afford  a  plenti- 
ful banquet. 


LESSON  XX. 

Lines  written  in  the  Church  Yard  of  Richmond,  York- 
shire, England.   Matt.  xvii.  4. — HERBERT  RNOWLES. 

Methinks  it  is  good  to  be  here, 
If  thou  wilt  let  us  build  :  but  for  whom  1 

Nor  Moses,  nor  Elias  appear, 
But  the  shadows  of  eve,  that  encompass  the  gloom, 
The  abode  of  the  dead  and  the  place  of  the  tomb. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  9tf 

-Merits,  deserts,  claims,  excellencies,  good  qualities. 

Declaiming,  speaking  loudly,  rehearsing. 

-Enthusiasm,  en-^u'zhe-azm,  excited  feeling. 

Beau  ideal,  bo-i-de'al,  imaginary  standard  of  perfect 
beauty. 

-Fire,  excited  sensation,  passion,  caloric,  heat. 

Flow.     What  is  her  language  likened  to  1 

Great  deal,  abundance,  redundancy. 

Taste,  nice  judgment,  delicate  and  correct  feeling. 

Art,  the  power  of  doing  something  not  taught  by  na- 
ture. 

Sure,  shtire,  certain. 

Declamation,  from  declaim,  speaking. 

-Turn,  gesticulation,  movement,  gesture. 

-Sentiment,  expression,  feeling,  opinion,  principle. 

.Statues,  images,  solid  representations  of  any  living 
beings. 

-Verge,  edge,  margin,  limit. 

Allow,  permit,  grant  as  good,  suffer. 

-Sensible,  convinced,  knowing,  abounding  in  sense. 

-Subject,  topic,  matter,  one  living  under  the  domin- 
ion of  another. 
-.Travelled,  been  abroad,  labored,  toiled. 

Spell  beauties,  closets,  entertainment,  joining. 

Fame,  reputation,  honor,  renown. 

Gratified,  pleased,  delighted,  requited  with  a  recom- 
pense. 

Closets,  close  places,  places  of  retirement,  from  close. 

-Right,  just  claim,  privilege,  justice. 

-Way,  manner,  method,  path,  road. 

Afford,  yield,  furnish,  bear  the  expense. 

Banquet,  feast,  sumptuous  entertainment. 

Table,  furnished  with  food  for  the  body  or  the  mind. 


Give  the  passage  in  Matthew  here  referred  to. 

Who  were  the  persons  present  at  the  transfiguration  'I 

Where  is  the  history  of  Elias  or  Elijah  found  ? 

Eve,  evening,  twilight. 

Encompass,  surround,  envelope,  environ, 


04  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Shall  we  build  to  ambition  ?  oh  no  ; 
Affrighted  he  shrinketh  away ; 

For  see  they  would  pin  him  below 
In  a  small  narrow  cave,  and  begirt  with  cold  clav 
To  the  meanest  of  reptiles  a  peer  and  a  prey. 

To  beauty  ?  oh  no  ;  she  forgets 
The  charms  which  she  wielded  before, 

Nor  knows  the  foul  worm,  that  he  frets 
The  skin,  which  but  yesterday  fools  would  adore 
For  the  smoothness  it  held,  or  the  tint,  which  it  wore. 

Shall  we  build  to  the  purple  of  pride, 
The  trappings  which  dizzen  the  proud  ? 

Alas !  they  are  all  laid  aside, 
And  here's  neither  dress  nor  adornment  allow'd 
But   the  long  winding-sheet,   and  the  fringe  of  the 
shroud. 

To  riches  ?    Alas !  'tis  in  vain, 
Who  hid,  in  their  turns  have  been  hid, 

The  treasures  are  squander'd  again, 
And  here  in  the  grave  are  all  metals  forbid 
But  the  tinsel,  which  shone  on  the  dark  coffin  lid. 

To  the  pleasures  which  mirth  can  afford  1 
The  revel,  the  laugh  and  the  jeer  ? 

Oh  here !  is  a  plentiful  board, 
But  the  guests  are  all  mute,  on  their  pitiful  cheer, 
And  none  but  the  worm  is  a  reveller  here. 

Shall  we  build  to  affection  and  love  ? 
Ah  no  !  they  have  withered  and  died, 

Or  fled  with  the  spirit  above. 
Friends,  brothers  and  sisters  are  laid  side  by  side. 
Yet  none  have  saluted  and  none  hare  replied. 

Unto  sorrow  ?  the  dead  cannot  grieve, 
Not  a  sob,  not  a  sigh  meets  mine  ear 

Which  compassion  itself  could  relieve  ; 
Ah  sweetly  they  slumber,  nor  hope  love  nor  fear, 
Peace,  peace  is  the  watchword,  and  the  only  one  here. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  95 

.Build,  erect  a  tabernacle,  or  tent. 
.Ambition,  love  of  distinction,  emulation. 
-Pin,  fasten,  confine,  small  wedge,  wire. 

Reptiles,  rep'  tiles,  creeping  things,  worms. 

Peer,  an  equal,  lord,  nobleman. 

Wielded,  displayed,  brandished,  set  off. 

Frets,  defaces,  despoils,  teases,  eats,  feeds  upon. 

Yesterday,  yes'  tur-da. 

Why  is  it  foolish  to  love  mere  beauty  ? 

Tint,  hue,  die,  color,  charm. 

Purple,  red  garments,  which  kings  wore. 
-Pride,  high  self-esteem,  proud  men,  haughtiness. 
Dizzen,   distract,  bewilder,  make  them  lose  their  sen* 

ses. 

Winding  sheet,  cloth  wrapped  around  the  dead. 
vShroud,  shroud,  dress  of  the  dead,  shelter,  rope. 

In  vain,  to  no  purpose,  useless,  fruitless,  idle. 

Where  have  they  been  hid  ? 

Squandered,  spent,  lavished,  expended. 

Tinsel,  metal  plate   inscribed  with  the   name   of  the 

dead. 
Why  is  the  coffin  lid  called  dark. 

Jeer,  scoff,  taunt,  biting  jest,  sarcasm,  witticism. 
-Board,  flat  piece  of  wood,  table  food,  nutriment. 

Guests,  invited  persons.  Whom  does  the  poet  injenn  ? 
-Cheer,  animate,  stir  up,  food,  sustenance. 

Why  is  the  worm  said  to  be  a  reveller  1 

Is  build  used  figuratively,  or  literally  ? 
.Withered,  faded,  languished,  often  said  of  flowers. 
Spirit,  soul.     Whither  does  it  go  after  death  ? 
Saluted,  addressed,  welcomed,  hailed. 
None.     From  what  derived  ? 

Why  is  the  grave  called  the  land  of  silence  ? 
Compassion  itself — the  most  compassionate  person, 
44  The  clods  of  the  valley  shall  be  sweet  unto  him." 
Why  are  the  dead  said  to  slumber  ? 
Watchword,  sign  used  by  sentinels  to  recognize  eack 
other. 


96  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Unto  death  ?  to  whom  monarchs  must  bow  1 
Ah  no  !  for  his  empire  is  known, 

And  here  there  are  trophies  enough  ; 
Beneath  the  cold  dead  and  around  the  dark  stone 
Are  the  signs  of  a  sceptre,  which  none  must  disown. 

%    The  first  tabernacle  to  Hope  we  will  build, 
And  look  for  the  sleepers  around  us  to  rise  ; 

The  second  to  Faith,  which  ensures  it  fulfilled, 
The  third  to  the  Lamb  of  the  great  sacrifice, 
Who  bequeathed  us  them  both,  when  he  rose  to  the 
skies. 


LESSON  XXL 

The  Pensioner. — CHRISTIAN  SPECTATOR. 

A  few  years  since,  for  the  restoration  of  my  health, 
I  resolved  to  visit  the  waters  of  Lake  George,  and  the 
country  adjacent.  This  section  of  country  is  well  known  ; 
for  independent  of  its  neighborhood  to  the  fort,  and  bat- 
1  le  ground  of  Ticonderoga,  where  many  a  warrior  bled 
in  our  revolutionary  struggle,  its  scenes,  in  themselves, 
are  objects  of  great  interest.  The  passing  stranger  can 
scarcely  refrain  from  feeling  very  sublime  emotions, 
as  he  rambles  over  the  ground,  and  surveys  the  ruins  of 
the  old  fort,  now  almost  gone  to  decay.  He  cannot 
well  refrain,  if  he  possesses  a  tolerable  share  of  imagi- 
nation, from  calling  to  his  mind  the  heroes,  and  strug- 
gles of  other  times.  He  will  fancy  he  can  almost  hear 
the  savage  yell,  and  see  uplifted  the  murderous  toma- 
hawk^— can  almost  hear  the  roar  of  thundering  cannon, 
and  see  fall  the  groups  of  the  dying.  But  grand,  awful, 
and  interesting  as  may  be  the  emotions,  which  imagina- 
tion and  recollection  awaken,  while  recalling  the  deeds 
of  days  gone  by ;  they  can  scarcely  transcend  those., 
which  he  feels,  while  he  surveys  the  sublime  scenes 
opened  to  his  view,  in  every  direction  around  Lake 
George.  The  beautiful  transparency  of  the  waters, 
and  the  grandeur  of  the  neighboring  mountains,  which 
seem  to  rise  out  of  the  very  waves,  and  by  which  they 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  97 

Monarehs,  sovereigns,  kings,  absolute  rulers. 
For  what  reason  is  death  said  to  have  an  empire  T 
,  Trophies,  signs  of  victory,  spoils,  booty* 
What  are  the  spoils  of  death  ? 
Disown,  disavow,  refuse  to  acknowledge. 

Hope,  expectation  of  immortal  glory. 
Rise,  awake.     What  day  is  intended  ?  * 
Faith,  trust,  confidence  in  the  sayings  of  God,  accom- 
panied with  a  love  for  them. 

Lamb.     Who  is  intended  ?     Why  called  a  Lamb  ? 
Bequeathed,  left  as  a  legacy,  gave  as  an  inheritance. 


Resolved,  determined,  purposed,  designed. 

Lake  George.     Give  a  description  of  this  lake.     See 
maps. 

Adjacent,  lying  near,  adjoining. 

-Section,  tract,  district,  part  of  a  book,  act  of  cut- 
ting. 

Fort,  a  fortified  house,  a  castle. 

Ticonderoga.     Where  situate  ? 

.Revolutionary  struggle,  war  for  independence. 

Rambles,  wanders,  irregular  excursions. 

Ruins,  remains,  desolations,  destroys. 

Imagination,  a  power  of  the  human  mind,  fancy. 

Heroes,  eminently  brave  men,  illustrious  characters. 

Savage  yell,  Indian  war-hoop,  terriffic  shout. 

Murderous,  destructive,  bloody,  guilty  of  murder. 

Tomahawk,  an  Indian  hatchet. 

Thundering,  loud  ro&ring,  like  thunder. 

.Groups,  groops,  crowds,  clusters,  huddles  together. 

Recollection,  memory,  remembrance. 

Transparency,     clearness,    power    of    transmitting 

hght. 

^Grandeur,  sublimity,  splendor  magnificence. 
9 


98  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

are  pent  up  in  one  vast  reservoir;  produce  in  the  mind 
of  him,  who  loves  to  contemplate  nature  in  her  noblest 
and  richest  apparel,  a  state  of  the  most  interested  and 
delicious  feeling.  What  traveller  has  passed  this  place 
and  did  not  feel  himself  transported  at  the  sight  of 
Roger's  Rock,  stretching  its  proud  summit  to  the  sky. 
Often  does  the  stranger,  as  he  is  gliding  swiftly  down  the 
lake,  when  he  comes  within  full  view  of  this  rock,  re- 
quest the  watermen  to  rest  on  their  oars  that  he  may 
contemplate  its  sublimity  in  silence.  I  can  distinctly 
recollect  my  emotions,  on  first  seeing  it.  I  had  heard 
its  story,  and  the  circumstances  which  gave  name  to  it, 
and  fancied  I  could  almost  see  the  bold  Rogers,  and 
his  daring  followers,  descending  its  steep  and  then  icy 
declivity  ,  with  the  rapidity  of  lightning,  and  the  aston- 
ished and  blood  thirsty  savages,  shouting  above,  on  its 
bleak  summit,  whence  none  but  themselves  would  have 
dared  to  descend.  It  was  such  scenes  that  I  intended 
to  make  niy  study,  and  delight,  as  I  left  home,  and  in 
two  days  arrived  at  the  borders  of  the  Lake. 

If  any  of  my  readers  have  passed  from  one  end  of  the 
Lake  to  the  other,  they  may  have  observed  on  the  eas- 
tern shore,  about  ten  or  eleven  miles  from  the  outlet, 
a  little  cottage.  It  stands  at  the  bottom  of  a  little  glen, 
a  few  rods  distant  from  the  water's  edge.  A  little  cove 
puts  up  from  the  Lake,  between  the  rugged  mountain 
on  one  side,  and  the  southern  skirt  of  the  glen  on  the 
other.  The  clouds  in  a  lowering  day  are  always  seen 
resting  on  the  summit  of  the  mountains,  which  arise  on 
each  side  of  the  ravine,  which  stretches  off  to  the  east 
of  the  cottage.  Half  way  up  these  heights  the  eagle 
builds  her  nest,  without  fear  of  molestation,  and  seem? 
to  look  down  from  her  conscious  elevation  in  defiance 
of  man  below.  The  white  washed  cottage,  and  the 
swelling  mountains  have  a  pleasing  and  inspiring  effect, 
when  viewed  from  the  water.  It  was  here  one  evening, 
I  requested  the  boatmen  to  land  me  as  I  was  returning 
from  the  excursions  of  the  day. 

There  are  seasons  in  the  life  of  almost  every  man, 
when  he  needs  not  the  formality  of  an  introduction  to  a 
stranger  to  enable  bim  to  commence  an  acquaintance. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  W 

Pent  up,  confined. 
.Reservoir,  rez-er-vwor',  receptacle. 
Contemplate,   kon-tem'  plate,  meditate,  think  studi 

ously. 

Apparel,  garment,  covering. 
Delicious,  sweet,  luxurious. 
-Transported,  carried  over,  greatly  delighted. 
Summit,  top.     From  what  derived  ? 
Waterman,  boatman. 
^Distinctly,  clearly,  not  confusedly. 
Story,  tale,  account  of  its  scenes. 
-Descending.     What  know  you  of  the  adventure  here 

alluded  to  1 
Steep,  precipice,  ascent  or  descent  approaching  t 

perpendicularity. 

Arrest,  captivate,  seize,  lay  hands  on. 
Clasping,  twining,  embracing,  enclosing, 
Declivity,  descent,  slope  of  a  hill. 
Savages,  Indians,  wild  men,  barbarians. 
.Bleak,  cold,  bare,  destitute  of  vegetables. 
Borders,  confines,  boundaries. 
Lake.     What  is  a  lake  ?  Has  it  fresh  water  7 
My  readers,  readers  of  this  piece. 
Observed,  noticed,  remarked,  seen. 
Glen,  valley,  a  dale. 
Cove,  kove,  small  creek  or  bay,  shelter- 
Puts  up,  runs  out,  extends  itself. 
Skirt,  boundary,  outer  part,  fringe. 
.Lowering,  gloomy,  sky  obscured  by  thick  and  heavy 

clouds. 

Ravine,  rav-een',  narrow  opening,  defile. 
.Heights,  high  grounds,  lofty  eminences. 
Molestation,  interruption. 
.Conscious,  knowing,  privy  to. 
White-washed.     Of  what  is  white-wash  made  ? 
Imposing,  grand,  lofty,  burthening. 
Spell  returning,  stretches,  half,  heights. 
Excursions,  rambles,  deviations  from  the  settled  path. 
-Seasons,  times,  four  divisions  of  the  year. 
-Formality,   dulness,   custom,   etiquette,    established 

form. 
Commence,  begin,  enter  upon. 


100  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

The  mind  is  in  such  a  state  of  buoyancy  and  good  feeling, 
that  we  feel  every  stranger,  whom  we  meet,  to  be  an  ac- 
quaintance, and  every  human  being  our  brother.  Such 
were  my  feelings  as  I  walked  leisurely  forward  towards 
an  elderly  and  venerable  looking  man,  who  sat  beside 
his  humble  dwelling,  enjoying  the  calm  pleasures  of  the 
evening.  After  the  usual  salutation  of  strangers,  he  in- 
vited me  to  take  a  seat  beside  him.  I  soon  found  that  1" 
had  introduced  myself  to  a  plain,  open  hearted,  but 
poor  man,  upon  whose  head  probably  sixty  winters 
had  shed  their  snows.  His  countenance  was  intelligent, 
though  there  was  an  expression  of  sorrow  upon  it,  he 
seemed  to  possess  an  intellect,  endowed  with  good  sense, 
of  a  sober,  meditative  cast.  He  portrayed  in  lively 
colors  the  beauties  of  the  scenery  around  him,  which 
showed  that  he  had  not  yet  become  insensible  of  the 
charms  of  nature  by  the  lapse  of  years.  He  adverted 
also  to  the  fast  approaching  hour,  when  he  should  no 
longer  be  animated  by  these  scenes.  "  Stranger,"  said 
he,  with  seriousness,  "  see  you  that  setting  sun ;  though 
it  may  set  to  night  in  darkness,  yet  it  will  rise  again  to- 
morrow, and  rise  perhaps,  in  far  brighter  glory.  But 
floon  my  sun  will  set  to  rise  no  more."  "  It  may  rise,11 
said  I,  "  in  eternity."  The  poor  pensioner,  for  such  I 
learned  he  was,  was  silent ;  and  I  could  see  the  tears 
standing  in  his  eye,  as  with  a  worthy  hospitality  he  in- 
vited me  into  his  cottage  to  tarry  all  night.  1  could  not 
accept  the  invitation,  but  promised  to  call  on  the  fol- 
lowing morning.  I  then  took  my  leave  of  him ;  and  as 
we  glided  swiftly  down  the  lake,  aided  by  a  stiff  breeze, 
I  could  not  help  revolving  in  my  mind  the  adventure* 
of  the  evening. 


LESSON  XXII. 

The  same,  continued. 

Early  on  the  following  morning,  I  left  my  lodgings  for 
the  pensioner's  cottage.  The  old  man  was  waiting  t» 
receive  me  with  all  the  cordiality  of  an  older  acquaint- 
ance. I  found  in  the  cottage  of  this  poor,  but  wotfhy 


ANALYTICAL  RE  A  DKR.  101 

-State,  declare,  make  known,  pitch,  condition* 

Buoyancy,  buoe'an-se,  power  to  float,  cheerful  feel- 
ings. 
-Acquaintance,  associate,  companion. 

Leisurely,  le'  zhtir-le,  slowly,  at  pleasure. 

Elderly,  aged.     From  elder. 
-Dwelling,  house,  habitation,  inhabiting. 

Pleasures  of  the  evening.     In  what  respects  different 
from  the  morning  1 

Salutation,  passing  of  compliments,  greeting. 

Winter.     Why  is  old  age  likened  to  winter  ? 
^Expression,  representation,  sorrow  was  depicted  up- 
on it. 

Intellect,  mind,  rational  faculties. 

Endowed,  furnished,  endued* 

Meditative,  inclined  to  seriousness,  thoughtful. 

Portrayed,  described,  painted. 

Colors.     Whence  the  allusion  ? 
.-Lapse,  gliding  away,  mistake,  fall. 

Hour.     What  hour  is  referred  to  ? 
.Emphasis,  force,  energy. 

Setting  sun.     Of  what  is  it  an  emblem  ? 

Eternity.     What  do  you  understand  by  eternity  / 

Pensioner,  a  person  who  has  a  bounty  from   govern- 
ment. 

Worthy,  good,  commendable. 

Tarry,  remain,  lodge,  stay. 
.Hospitality,  entertainment  of  strangers. 
.Stiff,  strong,  unbending. 
*  Breeze,  gale  of  wind. 


'Following,  next  succeeding. 

•  Lodgings,  habitations,  resting  places. 

Cordiality,  k*r-j4-ii'  4-te,  kindness,  good  feeling. 


:<>.  SEQUEL' TO  THE 

man,  ail  that  neatness,  and  industry  could  do  to  makt 
-him  comfortable  and  happy ;  for  at  the  best  his  health 
was  but  poor,  and  he  appeared  to  be  sinking  to  the  grave 5 
under  the  accumulated  weight  of  infirmity  and  years. 
Though  he  seemed  to  possess  an  imagination  which 
could  soar  above  the  mountains  that  surrounded  him, 
and  visit  the  abodes  of  man  beyond  them  ;  yet  he  ap- 
peared like  one  insulated,  and  shut  out  from  the  bustle 
and  perplexities  of  the  world,  and  with  few  regrets  could 
have  parted  with  it  forever.  There  was,  however,  the 
love  of  one  tender  object,  which  attached  him  to  life. 
Nothing  could  exceed  the  filial  affection  of  his  lovely 
daughter,  over  whom  the  fond  father  had  doated,for  sev- 
enteen years.  Her  mother  had  died  in  her  infancy,  and 
to  the  bereaved  father,  had  been  left  the  sole  care,  and 
superintendence  of  the  education  of  his  infant  child.  His 
other  children  had  been  snatched  away,  one  after  anoth- 
er, and  it  was  not  a?wonder  that  the  affections  of  the 
mourning  father  had  taken  so  firm  hold  of  his  daughter, 
since  she  was  all  that  now  remained,  of  a  once  numerous 
family.  The  war-worn  veteran  gave  me  a  minute  his- 
tory of  his  life.  He  related  his  most  interesting  adven- 
tures in  the  revolutionary  struggle.  He  had  been  ad- 
vanced to  a  station  of  some  honor  and  trust,  in  the  Amer- 
ican army,  was  placed  near  the  body  of  his  general,  and 
had  served  in  many  daring  and  hazardous  enterprises. 
He  had  cultivated  the  fields  of  his  little  glen,  while  he 
had  been  able  to  labor,  and  from  them  he  had  gleaned  a 
scanty  though  comfortable  support.  In  one  corner  of 
his  little  farm,  he  pointed  out  the  graves  of  his  wife  and 
children.  "  My  sweet  Jane,"  said  the  old  man,  with  tears, 
44  is  the  very  image  of  her  mother,  whom  I  laid  here  al- 
most seventeen  years  ago»  She  has  the  same  temper, 
and  manifests  the  same  assiduity  to  make  me  happy. 
She  knows  little  of  the  mother  she  has  lost  ;  though  of- 
ten has  she  sat  on  my  knee  in  her  childhood,  and  wept, 
when  I  told  her  the  story  of  her  mother.  I  used  often  to 
tell  her  of  the  virtues  of  her,  of  whom  boih  she  and  my- 
self were  bereft,  that  I  might,  if  possible,  form  her  mind 
upon  the  same  model  ;  for  it  was  that  very  mother  who 
taught  me,  that  to  be  conversant  with  virtue,  is  in  n 
.measure  to  become  virtuous  ourselves."  "  And  was 


ANALYTICAL  HEADER.  10S 

'Spell  neatness,  receive,  industry,  comfortable. 

Sinking,  going  down.     Whence  the  figure  ? 

Accumulated,  collected,  heaped  up. 

Spell  weight,  infirmity,  imagination. 

.Soar.     Respecting  what  birds  is  this  word  particular- 
ly used  ? 

Mountain,  in^un'tin. 

Insulated,  alone,  solitary. 

.Perplexities,  anxieties,  embarrassments,  difficulties 

World,  wurld. 

Tender,  delicate,  sensitive,  affectionate. 

Attached,  bound,  united,  cemented,  fastened 
'•Exceed,  go  beyond,  surpass,  excel. 

Spell  daughter,  infancy,  bereaved. 

Sole,  only,  exclusive. 

Superintendence,  care,  guardianship,  control. 

Spell  numerous,  firm,  education. 

War-worn*  battered,  worn  with  war. 

V^eteran,  tried  soldier. 

Minute,   a   measure  of  time,    detailed,   circumstan- 
tial. 

Station,  post,  rank,  office. 

American  army.     What  have  you  heard   or  read  re- 
specting it  ? 

-General,   commander,   common,  an  officer  high    im 
rank. 

Hazardous,  dangerous,  disastrous,  exposed  to  loss. 
.Enterprises,  schemes,  deeds. 

Gleaned,    gathered,    collected    slowly    arid    labori- 
ously. 

What  kind  of  employment  is  referred  to  ? 

Spell  pointed,  corner,  seventeen,  knee. 

Image,  likeness,  pattern,  resemblance. 

Assiduity,  concern,  attention,  sedulousness. 

Temper,  disposition  of  mind,  mean,  medium,   mode- 
ration. 

Told,  narrated  to,  mentioned,  related. 

Virtues,  lovely  traits  of  character. 

Bereft,  deprived,  made  destitute. 

Model,  pattern,  rule,  copy  to  be  imitated. 
.Conversant,  familiar,  associated,  acquainted 


104  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

your  daughter  always  assiduous  to  promote  your  welfare 
as  now  ?"  "  No,  she  was  not  always  so.  Though  she 
possessed  an  amiable  temper,  yet  she  used  sometimes  to 
manifest  the  waywardness  of  youth.  Never  shall  I  forget 
the  prayers  of  nty  poor,  dying  wife,  that  her  infant  child 
might  be  spared  in  mercy  to  its  father,  and  be  to  me  all 
that  she  would  have  been,  had  her  life  been  prolonged* 
Never  shall  I  forget  her  last  petition  for  her  little  off- 
spring, as  she  pressed  it  to  her  expiring  bosom,  for  the 
last  time,  and  then  holding  it  in  her  feeble  arms,  she 
said,  "  Blessed  Savior !  I  beseech  thee  to  be  the  God  of 
my  ehild,  as  thou  hast  been  my  God — to  sanctify  its  heart 
us  I  hope  thou  hast  sanctified  mine.  I  know  that  thou 
art  able  to  save  it.  I  dedicate  my  child  to  thee.  I  leave 
it  in  thy  arms.  Thou  wilt  remember  thy  ancient  cove- 
nant and  promise.  I  give  my  child  to  thee.  Blessed  Sa- 
vior !  accept  my  humble  offering."  Her  voice  failed. 
These  were  her  last  words  ; — she  soon  expired.  Oh  ! 
Mr.  E.,you  know  not  how  good  a  woman  my  wife  was, 
I  have  often  heard  her  in  the  thicket  just  by  us,  or  yon- 
der, where  once  stood  a  little  hovel,  earnestly  engaged 
in  prayer  forme.  If  any  are  Christians,  I  have  no  doubt 
she  was  one.  And  my  beloved  Jane  was  not  so  much 
like  her  mother  as  she  is  now,  till  two  years  ago,  when 
a  missionary  called  here,  two  or  three  times,  and  gave 
her  that  little  Bible  you  saw  standing  upon  the  shelf. 
For  a  time  I  wished  my  daughter  had  never  seen  the 
missionary,  she  was  so  unhappy.  She  could  do  nothing 
but  read  her  Bible,  and  weep.  But  after  a  time  her 
mourning  was  turned  to  joy,  and  she  has  been  ever  since 
beseeching  me  to  be  a  Christian.  She  is  just  what  her 
mother  used  to  be,  and  often  have  I  heard  her  praying 
for  me,  in  the  same  manner  and  place  that  her  mother 
used  to  pray.  I  was  ouce  a  disbeliever  in  the  Christian 
religion — thought  it  ail  to  be  the  device  of  man — and  for 
a  longtime  after  I  married  my  wife,  I  thought  she  was 
a  visionary,  under  the  influence  of  a  heated  imagination. 
But  upon  a  candid  and  impartial  examination  of  her  feel- 
ings and  conduct,  I  was  fully  convinced  that  they  sprung 
from  pure  and  steady  principles  of  which  I  had  no  ex* 
perienee.  To  witness,  as  I  do  daily,  how  religion  influ- 
ences all  the  conduct  of  my  Jane,  and  makes  her  happf 


ANALYTICAL  REABER.  MZ 

Assiduous,  careful,  concerned. 

Spell  welfare,  measure,  amiable. 

Possessed,  poz-zest'. 

Waywardness,  eccentricity,  naughtiness. 

Spared.     From  what? 

Its  father.     Why  is  its  used  instead  of  her  ? 

Prolonged,  continued,  increased  in  length, 

Spell  offspring,  bosom,  forget. 

-Expiring,  dying,  breathing  out. 

.Beseech,  pray,  beg,  petition. 

Sanctify,  make  good,  make  holy. 

Dedicate,  give  up,  consecrate. 

Ancient,  ane'  tshent,  former,  of  long  duration,  remote 
in  time. 

Covenant,   determination,    mutual    contract,  agree- 
ment,  stipulation.     Gen.  xvii.  7. 

Savior,  he  that  saves  from  eternal  death,  Redeemer.. 

Mr.  E.     Who  is  meant  by  Mr.  E.  ? 

Often,  of  f'n,  frequently/ 

Thicket,  grove  of  small  trees,  dense  wood. 
. ,  Christians.     Who   are  Christians?     Whence  do  they 
derive  their  name  / 

fHovel,  mean  habitation,  shed  open  on  the  sides,  cot- 
tage. 

Nothing,  n&f&'  ing. 

Weep.     Why  did  she  weep  ? 

Spell  shelf,  daughter,  engaged. 

Turned,  converted,  changed,  altered  in  course. 

Just,  exactly,  precisely. 

, Disbeliever,  one  who  did  not  believe,  infidel. 

Device,  invention,  cunning  fable. 

.Married,  espoused,  wedded. 

Visionary,   wild,  irrational,  imaginary,  affected   U 
phantoms. 

Examination,  egz^arn-e-na'  shun. 

Convinced,  satisfied,  persuaded,  forced  to  yield. 

Sprung,  arose,  proceeded. 

-Principles,  internal  rules  of  conduct. 

.Influences,  controls,  reigns  over. 

Spell  pray,  the  assembly  pray  for  his. deliverance-; — 
prey,  the  lion  devoured  his  prey. 


106  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

under  all  circumstances,  serves  to  make  me  believe,  how 
blissful  is  the  lot  of  those  who  possess  it."  He  drew  a 
deep  sigh,  and  would  have  proceeded  ;  for  I  perceived 
he  was  interested  in  the  subject.  But  the  approach  of  a 
boat  to  the  shore  drew  our  attention,  and  we  walked 
forward  to  meet  it.  It  conveyed  a  small  party  of  youth, 
who  had  called  to  pay  their  compliments  to  the  pension- 
er and  his  daughter.  As  the  day  was  far  spent,  I  took 
my  leave  of  the  whole  party,  not  without  leaving  a  prom- 
ise, that  I  would  call  frequently.  I  had  become  but  lit- 
tle acquainted  with  that  lovely  daughter,  on  whom  the 
old  man  leaned  for  support.  There  was  something  so 
retiring  about  her,  and  yet  so  winning,  so  simple,  and 
yet  so  elegant,  so  humble,  and  yet  so  exalted,  that  I  could 
not  but  admire  a  character  made  up  of  such  contrasted 
qualities.  I  had  learned  enough  to  know  that  she  was 
intelligent  without  ostentation ;  and  modest  without 
awkwardness.  There  was  something  in  the  character 
of  the  old  man,  which  I  did  not  understand.  He  was 
frank  and  generous,  but  he  seemed  not  to  admit  me  to 
the  deepest  feelings  of  his  bosom.  He  was  cheerful,  but 
not  happy.  Something  seemed  to  bear  with  weight  upon 
his  mind. 


LESSON  XXIII. 

The  same,  continued. 

With  almost  the  dawn  of  the  first  fair  day,  I  betook 
myself  to  my  boat,  intending  to  take  the  cottagers  by 
surprise,  and  sit  down  with  them  to  their  cheerful  break- 
fast. The  sun  had  risen,  and  was  beginning  to  pour 
down  his  cheering  beams  along  the  ravine,  between  the 
high  mountains,  when  I  arrived  at  the  glen.  All  was  still. 
except  the  far  off  whistling  watermen,  who  were  urging 
their  boats  in  various  directions,  over  the  clear  blue  laker 
and  I  saw  no  living  thing  about  the  cottage,  except  the 
large  Newfoundland  mastiff,  which  lay  by  the  door.  As 
I  approached  the  cottage,  I  thought  1  heard  a  voice.  It 
was  the  clear,  sweet  voice  of  the  daughter,  reading  the 
parable  of  the  prodigal  son.  I  approached  nearer.  She 


ANALYTICAL  READER. 

-Serves,  has  power,  is  sufficient. 
-Drew,  sent  forth,  fetched,  uttered. 

Subject.     What  was  the  subject  ? 

-Drew,  excited,  arrested,  called  forth. 

.Compliments,  respects,  salutations. 

Spent,  gone,  exhausted,  squandered. 

-Leave,  permission,  departure. 

Leaned.     Whence  is  the  figure  taken  ? 
^-Retiring,  bashful,  going  away. 

Winning,  attractive,  inviting,  lovely,  gaining. 

Spell  promise,  elegant,  awkwardness. 

Contrasted,  opposite,  unlike,  dissimilar. 

.Qualities.  kw61'  le'  ties. 

Ostentation,  a  desire  to  be  seen,  pride,  fondness  for 
show. 

Frank,  open,  undisguised,  ingenuous. 

Cheerful.  Can  a  person  be  cheerful  without  being 
happy  ? 

With  weight.     Explain  the  figure. 

\sjSpell  sole,  "  he  found  no  rest  for  the  sole  of  his  foot, 
it  is  his  sole  right. 

Spell   soul,   "  whoso  sinneth   against  me    wrongetfc 
>  .^     his  own  soul." 

Spell  weight,  he  groaned  under  the  weight  of  his  bur- 
den ; — wait,  if  we  hope  for  that  we  see  not,  then  d» 
we  patiently  wait  for  it. 


Spell  dawn,  betook,  surprise,  cottagers. 
.Breakfast,  from  break  and  fast,  morning  meal. 
Spell  ravine,  whistling,  beginning. 
Mountains,  moun'  tinz. 

Urging,  forcing,  propelling,  importuning,  soliciting, 
Directions,  de-rek'  shunz,  ways,  courses. 
Newfoundland.     Where  is  that  island  ? 
Mastiff,  large  dog. 
Spell  door,  approached,  voice. 
Prodigal.     Luke  15  :  11—32. 
JSmphatic,  impressive,  persuasive,  forcible. 


108  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

read  with  an  emphatic,  but  tremulous  tone  of  voice,  "'I 
will  arise,  and  go  to  my  father,  and  will  say  unto  him, 
Father,  I  have  sinned  against  heaven,  and  before  thee, 
and  am  no  more  worthy  to  be  called  thy  son  ;  make  me, 
therefore,  as  one  of  thy  hired  servants."  At  this  mo- 
ment I  heard  a  sobbing,  and  the  old  man  burst  into  tears. 
In  a  few  minutes  all  was  hushed.  "  Father,"  said  the 
daughter  beseechingly,  "  God  will  receive  you,  if  you  go 
to  him  as  the  prodigal  went  to  his  father."  "  Kneel 
down  beside  me,  my  dear  Jane,"  said  the  pensioner. 
*'  O  thou,  who  didst  cause  light  to  shine  out  of  darkness, 
shine  into  my  benighted  soul.  Thou,  who  didst  receive 
the  repenting,  returning  prodigal,  receive  me  who  am 
worse  than  the  prodigal." — After  a  pause — "  It  will  not 
do — I  cannot — O  Jane,  pray  for  me."  Jane  did  pray 
for  him,  and  I  could  not  but  weep  as  I  listened  to  her 
earnest  supplications  for  her  father,  and  join  my  prayers 
with  hers,  for  his  relief.  She  soon  ceased,  and  I  would 
have  retreated.  But  I  could  not  go  ;  for  now  was  ex- 
plained what  had  been  so  mysterious,  and  I  desired  to 
learn,  what  I  had  failed  to  learn  before,  and  if  possible 
to  administer  relief.  The  old  man  opened  the  door,  and 
seemed  surprised  at  seeing  me  ;  but  such  was  his  saluta- 
tion that  I  knew  I  was  not  unwelcome.  He  was  aware 
that  I  was  acquainted  with  his  situation,  and  did  not  en- 
deavor to  conceal  it,  I  stepped  forward  and  took  from 
the  shelf  a  neat  little  Bible,  which  seemed  to  have  been 
preserved  with  care,  though  much  used.  The  eyes  of 
the  daughter  which  lately  had  been  suffused  with  tears, 
now  beamed  with  joy  and  hope.  I  opened  to  the  51st 
Psalm,  and  read  it.  I  commented  upon  the  nature,  ne- 
cessity, and  reasonableness  of  true  repentance.  I  en- 
deavored to  show  how  repentance  would  be  acceptable 
to  God,  through  the  mediation  of  Jesus  Christ.  The 
old  man  was  moved,  and  the  countenance  of  his  daugh- 
ter beamed  with  joy,  as  she  said,  "  Father,  I  know  re- 
pentance to  be  a  happy  feeling."  The  interest  this  little 
family  manifested  in  my  welfare,  was  much  increased 
by  this  morning's  visit.  I  hod  been  revealed  to  them  in 
a  new  character,  and  they  regarded  me  not  only  as  a 
friend,  but  also  as  a  Christian.  I  learned  from  the  daugh- 
ter, the  history  of  her  father's  feelings,  for  several  months. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  109 

•r Tremulous,  shaking,  quivering,  trembling. 

Against,  a-genst',  in  opposition  to. 

Servant,  ser'vant. 

Sobbing,  heaving  with  convulsive  sighs, 

Spell  burst,  beseechingly,  receive. 

Hushed,  silenced,  appeased,  quieted. 

-Kneel,  bend  the  knee,  assume  a  posture  for  devotion. 

What  is  this  style  of  writing  called  ?    Conversational, 

Didst  cause  the  light  to   shine,  &c.     What  event 
and  what  time  are  here  alluded  to  ? 

Benighted,  darkened,  ignorant,  from  night. 

Repenting,  grieving  for  sin  and  forsaking  it. 

.Worse,  wurse. 

Listened,  lis'snd,  hearkened. 

Supplications,  prayers,  entreaties, 

.Relief.     From  what  derived  ? 

-Retreated,  withdrawn,  gone  away,  retired. 

Mysterious,  unknown,  secret. 

Spell  ex  plained,  learn,  knew. 

If  it  were  possible,  a  thing  which  could  be  done. 

Administer,  bestow,  afford,  impart. 

-Salutation,  token  of  reception,  first  address. 

Aware,  apprised,  knowing  to  the  fact. 

Spell  knew,  presented,  acquainted,  surprised. 

-Suffused,  filled,  overspread. 

Commented,  discoursed,  expatiated,  spoke,  explained, 
annotated. 

Fifty-first  psalm.     Why  was  this  psalm  read  in  prefer- 
ence to  any  other  ? 

True,  troo,  sincere,  hearty,  not  false. 

Mediation,  interposition,  agency  between  two  parties. 

Moved,  affected  with  emotion. 

Beamed,  brightened  up. 

Spell  countenance,  reasonableness,  repentance* 

Happy  feeling.     How  can  this  be  ? 

Increased,  strengthened,  augmented. 

-Revealed,  made  known,  disclosed. 

Regarded,  considered,  esteemed, 

Learned,  lern'd. 
-History,  state,  narration, 


110  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

past.  It  was  more  than  six  months,  since  he  began  to 
look  forward  with  seriousness  to  a  future  world ;  and  for 
many  weeks  he  had  been  in  much  the  same  state  of  mind. 
as  that  in  which  1  now  saw  him.  In  my  further  inter- 
course with  him  that  day,  I  was  convinced  that  he  was 
anxious  to  gain  the  better  portion;  but  he  was  selfish. 
He  was  deeply  convinced  of  siia,  yet  he  would  not  repent. 
His  anxiety  was  not  produced  by  fear,  but  by  conviction. 

For  several  successive  days  I  was  a  constant  visiter  at 
the  cottage.  I  endeavored  to  instruct  him,  but  all  to  no 
purpose.  Indeed,  it  was  not  necessary.  He  was  well 
instructed  in  his  duty.  But  there  seemed  to  be  an  un- 
yielding obduracy  in  his  heart,  which  endeavored  to  re- 
ject every  offer  of  mercy.  His  obstinacy  was  not  so 
open  and  tumultuous,  as  steady  and  persevering.  He 
knew  it  to  be  wrong,  but  he  would  not  overcome  it.  The 
principles  of  a  depraved  heart,  were  in  vigorous  and  suc- 
cessful exercise. 

One  evening  as  I  was  returning  from  the  excursion  of 
the  day,  I  thought  I  would  run  my  boat  into  the  cove  by 
the  Pensioner's  dwelling.  A  heavy  cloud  was  hovering 
in  the  west,  which  seemed  to  presage  a  storm,  and  as  I 
was  alone,  I  scarcely  dared  to  attempt  the  voyage  home- 
ward. On  going  on  shore  I  found  the  old  man,  but  his 
daughter  had  gone.  I  was  told  that  she  had  been  sent 
for  by  a  sick  friend,  whom  she  had  been  accustomed  to 
visit.  It  was  about  sunset,  when  we  walked  down  to  the 
beach  to  look  out  for  the  boat,  which  should  bring  home 
the  sole  comfort  of  her  anxious  father.  "  I  do  not  much 
like  that  dark  cloud  yonder,"  said  the  old  man,  as  we 
stood  upon  the  shore.  "  Though  my  sweet  Jane  has 
never  slept  from  under  the  paternal  roof,  I  hope  she  will 
not  attempt  to  return  to  night."  The  shadows  of  the 
evening  were  fast  falling.  As  we  could  descry  nothing 
of  the  daughter,  we  returned  to  the  cottage.  It  was  not 
long  before  the  portending  storm  came  on  with  great  fury 
and  violence,  and  the  waters  were  swept  by  one  of  those 
terrible  gusts,  with  which  Lake  George  is  sometimes  vis- 
ited. The  heaving  and  white  foaming  billows  of  the 
Lake  made  a  gloomy  contrast  with  the  surrounding  dark- 
ness. A  deep  dusk  hung  over  the  face  of  things  and  we 
could  discern  only  enough  to  see  the  havoc  which  the 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  Ill 

.Seriousness,  solemnity,  earnest  attention. 

Future  world.     What  is  it  ? 

Intercourse,  familiar  acquaintance. 

.Character,  mark,  representation,  assemblage  of  qual- 
ities. 

Better  portion.     What  is  meant  by  it  ? 

.Selfish,  from  self,  regarding  himself  above  all  things. 

Conviction,  feelings  of  guilt. 

Successive,  following,  from  succeed. 

.Visiter,  one  who  comes  to  another. 

To  no  purpose,  in  vain,  without  effect. 

.Obduracy,  6b'j\Wa-se,  hardness,  inflexible  wicked- 
ness. 

Reject,  throw  away,  disregard. 

.Obstinacy,  unwillingness  to  yield. 

Tumultuous,  noisy,  violent,  rude. 

Spell  persevering,  wrong. 

Depraved,  wicked,  perverse,  sinful. 

.Excursions,  wanderings,  travels. 

Hovering.     Whence  the  figure  ? 

.Presage,  foretel,  threaten,  betoken. 

Spell  dwelling,  steady,  voyage. 

Sick  friend.  What  persons  most  frequently  visit  the 
sick  ? 

Beach,  shore,  margin. 

Spell  beach  ;  the  vessel  was  stranded  on  the  beach  ; — 
beech,  the  wood  of  which  it  is  made  is  beech. 

Sole,  only,  one. 

.Anxious,  disturbed,  full  of  inquietude. 

.Shadows,  shad'doz,  darkness,  obscurity. 

Paternal,  fatherly,  belonging  to  a  father. 

.Roof,  cover  of  a  house,  palate. 

.Descry,  perceive,  observe,  see. 

Portending,  threatening,  ominous,  foreboding. 

.Terrible,  dreadful,  causing  fear. 

Gusts,  blasts  of  wind. 

.Heaving,  rising,  swelling. 

Contrast,  opposition  of  figure. 

Spell  surrounding,  abroad,  enough. 

Discern,  diz-zern',  perceive,  see. 

Havoc,  waste,  ruin,  devastation. 


SEQUEL  TO  THE 

storm  was  making  abroad.     As  we  sat  silently  by  the 
window  looking  out  upon  the  scene,  we  thought  we  heard 
cries  of  distress.     In  a  moment  we  were  upon  the  beach. 
But  it  was  so  dark  that  we  could  distinguish  objects  only 
a  little  distance.      All  was  again  hushed,   except  the 
troubled  billows,  and  howling  blast,  and  we  stood   list- 
ening in  breathless  silence.     Again  we  heard  a  cry.     It 
was  the  last.  The  old  pensioner's  heart  died  within  hirnr 
for  he  knew  it  was  the  voice  of  his  daughter.  The  sound 
seemed  to  proceed  from  some  one  not  far  from  the  shore- 
At  this  moment  the  mastiff,  which  stood  beside  us,  plung- 
ed into  the  waves.      He  was  gone  a  long  time,  but  at 
length  returned,  bearing  by  his  mouth,  the  drowned  girL 
We  made  every  effort  to  resuscitate  the  lifeless  body,  but 
all  was  unavailing.     The  soul  had  left  its  earthly  tene- 
ment, and  flown  to  another  and   heavenly  world.     We 
carried  the  body  of  poor  Jane  into  the  cottage,  and  laid 
it  on  the  humble  couch  it  had  so  often  occupied.     The 
poor   old  man  seemed  alive  to  all  those   heartrending 
pangs,  which  his  forlorn  condition  now  made  him  real- 
ize.    His  feelings  were  the  feelings  of  despair.     He  sat 
down  by  the  bedside  of  her,  who  lately  was  so  lovely — 
hid  his  face  in  both  his  hands,  and  burst  into  a  flood  of 
tears.     I  would  have  'soothed,  but  I  knew  I  could  not- 
After  the  first  paroxysms  of  agony  and  grief  had  sub- 
sided, by  degrees  he  grew  more  calm.     But  I  thought 
his  calmness  was  incapacity  to  endure  so  poignant  grief, 
and  that  he  was  exhausted  by  the  tempest  of  his  feelings. 
I  could  see  by  his  countenance  that  there  was  not  peace 
within.     The  cottage  was  still  as  the  mansion  of  death. 
While  the  bereaved  father  sat,  intently  viewing  the  inan- 
imate features  of  his  child,  the  last  ray  of  hope  seemed 
to  expire,  and  there  was  no  longer  a  tie  to  bind  him  to 
earth.     That  night  was  dreadful  to  us  both.     The  storm 
was  raging  fearfully  without,  while  all  was  hushed  like 
the  silence  of  the  tomb  within.     The  old  Pensioner  wa& 
the  first  to  interrupt  the  stillness.  "  I  did  not  think,  that 
the  flower,  which  bloomed  so  sweetly  in  the  morning, 
would  be  so  withered  and  dead  at  night.     Oh !  Jane, 
Jane  !  it  is  hard  to  part  with  thee — forever  too — in  one 
short  hour  torn  from  my  aged  arms  !"  His  feelings  were 
too  big  for  utterance,  and  Lis  voice  faltered.    But  te 


ANALYTICAL  READER,  113 

Spell  distress,  cries,  window. 

Distinguish,  see  clearly,  tell  one  from  another. 

Billows,  bil'los,  swollen  waves. 

Howling  blast.     What  is  it  made  to  be  1 
-.Breathless,  undisturbed,  unbroken,  dead,  spent  with 
labor. 

Spell  died,  proceed,  plunged. 

At  length,  after  a  while. 

Bearing  by  his  mouth.  Is  this  incredible  1  Do  you 
remember  any  other  instance  of  sagacity  and  affec- 
tion in  a  dog,  equally  remarkable  1 

.Drowned,  suffocated  in  water,  overwhelmed. 

.Resuscitate,  restore  to  life,  revive. 

Unavailing,  ineffectual,  useless. 

Tenement,  habitation,  dwelling,  abode* 

.Carried,  conveyed,  bore. 

Couch,  resting  place,  bed. 

-Alive,  keenly  sensible. 

-Forlorn,  comfortless,  disconsolate,  destitute. 

Realize,  know  by  experiment,  convert  money  into 
land. 

Spell  burst,  flood,  knew. 

.Paroxysms,  par-rok-sizmz,  fits,  violent  attacks. 

.Subsided,  ceased  to  rage,  became  calm. 

.Incapacity,  inability,  incompetency. 

.Poignant,  poe'narit,  severe,  piercing. 

Tempest.     Explain  this  figure* 

Mansion,  dwelling  place,  house,  habitation. 

.Bereaved,  destitute,  deprived  of  nearest  relations. 

Inanimate,  lifeless,  dead,  without  animation. 

Spell  features,  tie,  bind. 

Ray  of  hope.     To  what  is  hope  likened  ? 

Spell  viewing,  tomb,  first. 

Interrupt,  break  in  upon,  obstruct,  check,  stop. 

Flower.     Why  was  Jane  called  a  flower  ? 

Spell  withered,  bloomed,  dead,  night. 

Were,  wer. 

Utterance,  declared,  being  spoken,  power  of  commu- 
nicating. 

.Resumed,  proceeded  in  his  remarks,  took  up  again. 

.Faltered,  hesitated,  was  broken* 


114  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

struggled  hard  for  self-possession,  and  soon  resumed,"*  I 
was  always  poor — but  never  so  poor  as  now.  Oh  !  Jane,- 
how  fondly  have  I  nourished  thee  !  Seventeen  years  thou 
hast  been  my  sole  companion  !  How  kind  wast  thou  to 
me,  my  daughter  !  Thou  art  gone  — Shall  I  never  more 
hear  from  thee  the  fervent  prayer  for  thy  poor  father — 
never  more  hear  thy  kind  entreaty  to  be  reconciled  t«/- 
God?  Ah,  never  f  O  that  I  might  be  what  thou  wast, 
when  thou  left  thy  father's  dwelling!  But  there  is  no 
hope  for  me."  Here  the  old  man  again  burst  into  tears^ 
After  a  short  pause — "  Yes,  I  have  one  resource — I  will 
arise,  I  will  go  to  my  Father,  and  will  say,  Father,  I  have 
sinned  against  heaven,  and  before  thee,  and  am  not 
worthy  to  be  called  thine.  O  Savior  of  sinners  !  let  me 
come  to  thee — let  me  call  thee  my  Father.  I  have  no 
friend  but  thee.— -I  have  abused  thee — abused  thy  mercy. 
I  am  the  chief  e>f  sinners  I  O  gracious  Savior  !  I  come  to 
thee  ashamed  and  guilty.  If  I  perish,  I  will  perish  at 
thy  feet.  Here,  Lord,  I  am — do  with  me  as  seemeth 
good  to  thee." — The  Pensioner  ceased — his  heart  was 
melted  within  him,  The  thoughts  of  the  dead  no  longer 
occupied  his  mind.  There  was  a  glow  of  fervor  upon 
his  countenance.  His  soul  seemed  to  be  elevated  above 
this  world,  holding  communion  with  his  God. — We  were 
both  silent;  but  I  trust  we  both  prayed. — I  cannot  tell 
all  that  happened  on  that  night.  It  is  sufficient  to  say, 
that  we  spent  the  night  in  prayer  by  the  bedside  of  Jane* 
The  murmuring  spirit  of  the  father  seemed  to  be  hushed 
into  meek  submission.  He  could  kiss  the  hand  by  which 
he  was  smitten,  and  thank  his  heavenly  Father  for  the 
chastisement.  There  was  a  pleasing  serenity  upon  his 
countenance*  even  in  the  chamber  of  death,  which  seem- 
ed to  say,  "  all  is  well" 


LESSON  XXIV. 

The  same,  concluded. 

With  the  early  light  of  the  next  morning,  I  went  U/ 
visit  the  neighboring  settlement,  to  invite  the  attendance 
of  two  or  three  female  friends,  to  do  their  last  offices  oC 


ANALYTICAL  READER,  1 J  r> 

Spell  nourished,  struggled,  companion,  self-posses- 
sion, torn,  always. 

Fervent,  most  sincere,  warm,  impassioned. 

Entreaty,  petition,  request,  urgent  appeal. 

Reconciled  to,  restored  to  the  favor  of,  on  terms  of 
peace  with. 

What  thou  wast.     What  did  the  father  wish  to  be  ? 

-Dwelling,  tenement,  inhabiting,  living. 

.Resource,  re-sorse',  resort,  expedient. 

I  will  go  to  my  father.  From  whom  is  this  language 
borrowed  ? 

-Let,  permit,  hinder,  obstruct,  suffer. 

No  friend.    Why  does  lie  say  he  has  no  other  friend  ? 

Abused,  from  use,  slighted,  neglected,  despised. 

-Gracious,  merciful,  compassionate,  benignant. 

Perish,  lose  my  soul,  die,  am  destroyed. 

Seemeth.  In  what  writings  is  seemeth  used  instead  of 
seems  1 

Melted,  dissolved,  made  to  feel,  full  of  contrition. 

Glow,  shining  heat,  brightness  of  color. 

.Fervor,  warmth,  heat,  animation. 

Elevated,  raised,  lifted,  exalted. 

Communion,  intercourse,  fellowship,  familiar  dis- 
course. 

.Sufficient,  from  suffice* 

.Murmuring,  complaining,  repining,  grieving. 

Submission,  from  submit,  surrender,  quiet  yielding. 

-Night.  .Ashamed. 

Chastisement,  tshas'tiz-rnent,  correction,  punishment/ 

Chamber,  tshame'bur. 

411  is  well.  From  whom  is  this  expression  borrowed  T 


Spell  early,  e.r'  le,  neighboring,  attendance. 
-Settlement,   colony,   place   where    people    establish 

themselves,  agreement. 
Offices,  duties,  obligations,  honors* 


116  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

kindness  to  the  deceased,  arid  make  the  other  necessary' 
arrangements  for  the  funeral.  As  I  walked  along  to- 
wards  my  boat,  I  observed  a  little  skiff  stranded  on  the 
beach.  It  was  the  same  which  conveyed  Jane  so  near 
the  paternal  dwelling,  the  preceding  evening.  This  cir- 
cumstance, and  a  hat,  which  lay  at  a  little  distance,  told 
me  that  Jane  Mandeville  was  not  the  only  person,  who 
had  been  the  victim  of  a  watery  death.  The  melancholy 
tidings  of  the  preceding  evening  were  soon  spread  wide, 
and  deep  was  the  feeling,  excited  in  every  breast  along 
the  shores  of  Lake  George.  The  next  day  was  the  Sab- 
bath; and  there  was  sadness  upon  the  countenances  of 
those  who  convened  at  the  glen.  The  mourners  were 
not  relatives,  for  old  Mandeville  had  none  remaining. 
But  they  had  known  Jane  in  her  childhood — had  known 
her  in  her  riper  years  ;  and  many  were  the  tears  which 
were  shed  that  day  upon  her  coffin.  The  missionary 
who  called  at  the  glen  two  years  before,  stood  among  the 
mourners.  He  had  heard  of  Jane's  death  at  the  settle- 
ment, and  hastened  to  pay  his  last  tribute  of  respect  to 
the  deceased,  and  to  comfort  the  bereaved  father  in  his 
affliction.  But  there  was  no  need  ;  for  he  felt  a  conso- 
lation in  his  bosom  of  more  value  than  worlds  ; — a  con- 
solation that  nothing  on  earth  could  have  imparted.  As 
the  funeral  procession  moved  slowly  towards  the  burial 
place  of  the  old  Pensioner's  family,  there  was  a  deep  and 
thoughtful  silence  'throughout  the  little  concourse.  The 
bearers  placed  the  coffin  beside  the  grave.  The  mission- 
ary uncovered  his  head,  and  addressed  a  few  words  to 
the  assembly.  They  were  tender,  and  appropriate,  and 
flowed  from  a  feeling  heart.  The  coffin  was  lowered 
into  its  narrow  cell.  I  looked  upon  the  old  Pensioner, 
A  tear  was  standing  in  his  eye,  but  there  was  peace  and 
tranquillity  in  his  bosom.  He  advanced  to  the  head  of 
the  grave,  and,  after  looking  into  it,  he  looked  round  af- 
fectionately upon  the  assembly,  and  said,  "My  friends, 
there  is  sorrow  in  my  heart,  but  it  is  not  a  sorrow  with* 
out  hope.  I  think  I  can  thank  the  Great  Shepherd,  that 
he  hath  taken  this  lamb  from  me  ;  for  before,  I  was  a 
lost  and  wandering  sheep,  and  would  not  hear  the  voice 
of  the  Shepherd,  calling  me  to  his  fold.  I  was  a  prodi- 
gal, perishing  with  hunger,  and  would  not  return  to  my 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  117 

.Arrangements,  ar-range'  ments,  orders,  preparations. 

Stranded,  run  aground,  cast  upon  the  shore. 

.Conveyed,  bore,  carried,  transported. 

.Preceding,  last,  going  before. 

Told,  indicated,  bore  witness  to,  convinced. 

Victim,  sacrifice,  something  destroyed. 

.Catastrophe,  ka-tas'  tro-fe,  overthrow,  final  unhappy 
event. 

Excited,  produced,  raised,  animated. 

Spell  watery,  George,  Mandeville,  Man'  de-vil. 

Convened,  assembled,  gathered  together,  collected. 

Relatives,  relations,  of  the  same  family. 
.-Remaining,  alive,  staying  behind. 

Riper  years.  To  what  is  Jane  likened  by  this  ex- 
pression ? 

What  was  the  estimation  in  which  she  was  held  by 
her  acquaintance,  judging  from  this  account  of  her 
funeral  ? 

What  characters  are  most  lamented  by  survivors  ? 

.Missionary,  from  mission,  one  sent. 

Tribute,  debt,  obligation,  token,  custom,  tax. 

.Deceased,  from  cease. 

Consolation.     What  was  this  consolation  ? 

Value,  worth,  importance,  consideration. 

.Imparted,  bestowed,  given,  afforded. 

.Procession,  train,  marching  in  ceremonious  solem- 
nity. 

Burial,  ber'  re-al,  act  of  burying,  funeral  service. 

Concourse,  assembly,  congregation,  meeting. 

Spell  bearers,  bosom,  hastened,  process. 

Addressed,  spoke,  uttered,  said,  saluted. 

-Appropriate,  proper,  becoming,  use,  allot. 

.Lowered,  from  low. 

Cell,  small  cavity,  a  litttle  habitation  of  a  religiou* 
person. 

Tranquillity,  from  tranquil. 

Advanced,  ad-vansd',  approached,  moved  forward. 

; Affectionately,  from  affection. 

Great  Shepherd.  Who  is  meant  1  Who  by  the  lost 
and  wandering  sheep  ? 

Wandering,  won'  dur-ing. 

His  fold.  Does  the  Bible  contain  such  language  ?  See 
John  x,  1—16, 


118  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Father,  who  had  bread  enough,  and  to  spare.  I  shall 
soon  see  my  dear  Jane  again.  She  will  not  always  sleep 
here.  The  trump  of  the  archangel  will  reach  the  bottom 
of  this  grave.  This  narrow  house  will  soon  be  the  rest- 
ing place  of  us  all.  I  feel  and  am  assured  that  I  must 
soon  lay  these  limbs  beside  hers.  Let  us  be  like  her, 
and  I  trust  we  shall  meet  her  in  heaven."  The  mission- 
ary invoked  the  blessing  of  God  upon  the  assembly,  and 
they  silently  dispersed  themselves  to  their  boats. 

For  a  few  days  I  was  a  constant  resident  at  the  glen, 
and  had  the  satisfaction  of  witnessing  daily  in  the  old 
Pensioner,  an  increasing  and  fervent  piety.  He  was  now 
happy,  rejoicing  in  hope.  We  conversed  ;  we  joined 
our  prayers  and  praises  at  the  throne  of  grace  ;  and  pre  - 
cious  were  the  seasons,  I  spent  in  his  cottage.  He  some- 
times wept  at  the  grave  of  his  beloved  daughter.  But 
there  was  joy  even  in  his  grief.  The  Bible  of  Jane  was 
now  his  constant  companion,  and  much  was  he  consoled 
and  animated  by  its  promises ;  the  day  at  length  arrived 
when  I  must  take  my  final  leave  of  the  scenes  of  Lake 
George.  The  morning  was  fine,  and  we  spent  an  hour 
in  walking  about  the  glen.  We  conversed — we  prayed. 
It  was  the  last  time  we  were  to  be  together  this  side  the 
grave.  I  had  endeavored,  as  far  a.3  possible,  to  ascertain 
the  true  character  of  his  views  and  feelings  ;  and  was 
.satisfied  that  he  had  commenced  a  new  and  happy  ex- 
istence, which  would  only  bloom  here,  but  ripen  in  eter- 
nity. He  accompanied  me  to  the  boat.  As  we  were 
about  to  part,  I  expressed  my  apprehension  that  he  would 
be  lonely.  "I  am  not  alone,"  said  he,  "and  though  to 
go  and  be  with  Christ  would  be  far  better  ;  yet  all  the 
days  of  my  appointed  time  will  I  wait  till  my  change 
come — I  hope  to  meet  you  in  heaven.  Farewell,"  Fare- 
well, said  I,  and  he  returned  to  the  cottage.  The  dwell- 
ing of  the  Pensioner,  and  the  little  glen  soon  vanished 
from  my  sight. 

A  few  months  since  I  had  occasion  to  visit  Lake 
George.  I  called  at  the  glen,  the  cottage  of  the  old  Pen- 
sioner was  there,  but  it  was  without  an  inhabitant.  1 
visited  the  garden,  and  Jane  was  lying  between  her  pa- 
rents. On  inquiring  at  the  neighboring  settlement,  I 
was  told  that  the  old  man  had  died  a  few  weeks  previous 


ANALYTICAL  READER. 

>Spare,  give  way,  omit,  forgive. 

See  my  dear  Jane.     Where  did  he  hope  to  see  her  ? 

The  trump.  See  John  v.  28,  29.  1  Cor.  xv.  52.  1 
Thess.  iv.  16. 

Narrow  house.  Why  is  the  grave  called  a  resting- 
place  ? 

^Assured,  ash-shtird',  made  certain,  convinced. 

Spell  limbs,  archangel,  heaven. 

Invoked,  prayed  for,  supplicated. 

Archangel,  ark-ane'jel,  one  of  the  highest  order  of  an- 
gels. 

Dispersed,  removed,  scattered,  withdrew. 

.Resident,  from  reside,  inmate,  inhabitant. 

Daily,  from  day,  every  day,  continually. 

Spell  witnessing,  rejoicing,  piety. 

Rejoicing  in  hope.     Rom.  xii.  12. 

-Jojned,  united,  connected. 

Precious,  valuable,  dear,  most  profitable. 

Spell  seasons,  satisfaction,  companion. 

Consoled,  solaced,  disburdened  of  sorrow. 

Promises.  What  does  the  Bible  promise  to  the  good  ! 

Final,  last,  concluding,  extreme. 

-Fine,  pleasant,  beautiful. 

Spell  scenes,  hour,  conversed. 

.Endeavored,  attempted,  essayed. 

Ascertain,  find  out,  know,  from  certain. 

Character,  nature,  quality,  person. 

Bloom.     To  what  is  his  existence  compared  ? 

.Accompanied,  from  company. 

.Apprehension,  fear,  opinion,  sentiment. 

-Expressed,  mentioned,  pressed  out. 

Be  with  Christ.     Philippians  i  23. 

Appointed,  designated,  allotted,  determined. 

Change  come.     What  is  this  change  ? 

Vanished,  disappeared,  departed,  spoken  of  spirits. 

Spell  fare  well,  inquiring.  Spell  site,  it  is  a  fine  site 
for  building ; — sight,  a  pleasant  sight,  a  painful 
sight,  his  sight  is  obscured ; — cite,  he  was  cited  to 
appear. 

.Occasion,  opportunity,  need,  chance,  necessity. 

-Called,  stopped,  spoke  loudly,  cried  out. 

-Inhabitant.     From  what  derived  ? 


120  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

J  learned  with  satisfaction  that  he  had  lived  in  such  a 
manner,  as  to  carry  conviction  to  the  minds  of  all,  that 
the  grace  of  God  had  been  performing  in  his  heart,  its 
perfect  work.  He  had  spent  his  time,  from  the  period 
at  which  I  took  leave  of  him,  in  pious  devotion  to  his 
Savior,  and  died  in  the  triumphs  of  faith,  and  the  hope 
of  a  blessed  immortality.  "  Blessed  are  the  dead  who 
die  in  the  Lord  ;  yea,  saith  the  spirit ;  for  they  rest  from 
their  labors,  and  their  works  do  follow  them." 


LESSON  XXV. 

Family  Worship  in  a  Cottage. — Miss  S.  E.  HATFIELD. 

Listen  ! — I  heard  a  voice,  a  solemn  voice, 

But  sweet  and  fervent,  too,  like  that  of  prayer  ; 
Such  as  would  make  angelic  breasts  rejoice, 

And  call  to  hearken  from  their  starry  sphere  : — 
From  yonder  cot  it  comes — I'll  draw  me  near — 

Its  light  shines  like  a  star  upon  the  night, 
And  to  my  wandering  footsteps  far  more  der-r  ; — 

A  better  guide,  perchance,  a  holier  light, 
Leading  more  near  to  heaven  than  those  above  my  sight. 

Oh,  'tis  a  lovely  scene  ! — The  gray-hair'd  sire 

With  lifted  hands,  imploring  on  each  child 
All  that  the  lip  can  breathe,  the  soul  desire, 

To  guide  their  footsteps  through  the  world's  bleak  wild, 
See  how  the  glittering  tears  his  warm  cheek  gild  ! 

How  rushes  through  the  wane  of  years  the  glow  ! 
How  beams  his  look,  with  all  the  father  fill'd  ! 

The  ardency  intense  lights  eye,  lip,  brow, 
Which  all  his  bosom's  thoughts,  hopes,  fears,  and  wishrs 
show. 

Look  at  that  fair-hair'd  maid,  upon  whose  cheek 

The  rose  of  loveliness  is  deepening  ! 
Mark  how  serenely  pure,  how  calmly  meek, 

Her  countenance ! — some  unseen  seraph's  wing 
Seems  over  her :  she's  in  youth's  stainless  springe 

And  gives  it  to  her  God :  ah  !  happy  maid  ! 
Thus  ever  smile,  a  willing  offering 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  121 

Garden,  gar'd'n. 
.Previous,  before,  preceding. 
-Conviction,  certainty,  establishment  of  guilt. 

Performing,  from  form,  doing,  executing,  finishing. 

Perfect,  per'fekt,  consummate,  without  defect. 
-Period,  time,  point  of  distance  in  time. 

Devotion,  doing  of  his  duties,  surrendering  himself. 

Immortality,  everlasting  life,  endless  Jife. 

Die  in  the  Lord,     Rev.  xiv.  13. 

Saith  the  Spirit.     Who  is  this  Spirit  t 

Works  do  follow  them  ;  are  known  after   they  are 

dead. 

, Solemn,  sol'em,  religiously  grave,  serious,  anniversary. 
.Prayer,  pra'ur,  petition,  supplication  to  God. 

Angelic.     Change  it  into  a  noun.     Which  is  the  prim- 
itive ? 

.Sphere,  sfere,  globe,  circuit  of  motion,  province.  Why 
starry  sphere  ? 

Yonder,  yon'dur,  at  a  distance,  within  view. 

Its  light.     The  light  of  what  ? 

Spell  listen,  heard,  voice,  fervent. 

Perchance,  perhaps,  it  may  be,  peradventure. 

Guide,  gyide.  What  is  a  better  guide. 

Those  above  my  sight.     What  are  those  ? 

Scene,  display,  exhibition,  spectacle,  stage,  part  of  a 
play. 

Sire,  father,  progenitor. 

Breathe,  br&THe,  utter,  ask  for,  draw  in  and  throw  out 
air  by  the  lungs. 

Bleak,  cold,  chill,  pale.     Wild,  desert. 

Gild.     In  what  way?  Whence  the  figure  ? 

Wane,  decline,  decrease  of  the  moon. 

Glow,  shining  heat,  vividness  of  color,  vehemence  of 
passion. 

Beams,  brightens.     With  all  the  father  filled,  expres- 
sive of  all  a  father's  affection. 
.Intense,  vehement,  raised  to  a  high  degree. 

Rose  of  loveliness.  What  quality  is  intended  by  these 
words  ? 

.Seraph's,  ser'raf,  an  order  of  celestial  spirits,  an  angel. 

Wing.  Why  are  angels  represented  as  having  wings  ? 

Spring.  Why  is  the  season  of  youth  compared  to  spring? 


122  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

At  morn,  at  eve,  upon  the  altar  laid, 
While  sweet  obedience  binds,  safe,  safe  shall  be  thy  heacL 

There  kneels  the  mother  by  her  partner's  side  ; 

Silent  her  tongue,  but,  oh,  how  full  her  eyes ! 
Look  at  those  sacred  tears,  whose  gentle  tide 

The  loudest  torrent  of  the  lips  supplies. 
Oh  !  what  can  equal  her  beseeching  sigh  ? 

If  'tis  not  heard  in  heaven,  then  never  came 
Thither  the  sound  of  supplications  high  : 

Vainly  have  nations  piled  the  altar's  flame, 
The  intensest  of  them  all  ne'er  reached  a  mother's  claim, 

Beside  her,  rising  into  manhood's  form, 

Her  son,  her  secret  pride  and  glory,  bows  ; 
Bright  is  his  cheek,  with  labor's  color  warm, 

The  honorable  tint  his  forehead  shows ; 
His  eyes'  dark  glance  is  veil'd,  as  it  would  close 

Awhile  to  all  on  earth  his  heart  deems  fair  ; 
His  lips,  soft  moving,  tell  responsive  vows 

Are  rising  to  his  hoary  father's  prayer, 
Pleading  with   the  high   Heavens — "  Oh,  guide   from 
every  snare." 

And  yonder  there's  a  group  in  happiest  being, 

The  fairy  tenants  of  the  cottage  dome, 
Kneeling  before  the  eye  of  Him,  all-seeing, 

Who  watches  if  their  thoughts  or  glances  roam  ; 
The  doll,  untouch'd,  is  laid  beside  the  drum  ; 

That  treasured  instrument  of  loudest  sound 
Stands  close  beside  its  master,  but  is  dumb 

As  if  forgotten,  on  the  darksome  ground, 
While  like  night's   dew-closed  flowers  they  bend  am! 
cluster  round. 

Look  at  the  little  hand  upon  each  brow, 

Covering  the  face,  before  the  unseen  God  ! 
Listen,  ye  might  have  heard  the  lisped  vow 

Like  cherub-echoes  seeking  his  abode  ; 
Revile  it  not,  despise  it  not,  ye  proud  ! 

Nor  say  it  is  the  jargon  learned  by  rote, 
Useless  and  meaningless, — those  words  allowed 

Upon  the  youthful  memory  to  float 
Shall  be  the  wakening  chord  of  many  a  heavenly  note, 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  123 

Spell  altar,  if  thou  bring  thy  gift  to  the  altar  ;— alter, 
he  saw  fit  to  alter  his  purpose. 

Partner,  partaker,  sharer,  associate. 

Spell  tongue,  kneels,  obedience,  eyes.  Spell  side,  her 
partner's  side ; — sighed,  he  turned  from  the  griev- 
ous spectacle,  and  sighed  ; — tide,  he  sailed  with 
the  tide  ; — tied,  his  hands  were  tied. 

Torrent  of  the  lips,  &c.  Her  silent  tears  indicate 
more  heartfelt  devotion,  than  any  verbal  prayer, 
however  passionate  and  elevated  the  language. 

Mother's  claim.  Is  this  just  1  For  whose  behalf  are 
these  desires  offered  1  How  do  you  account  for 
their  great  strength  1 

Manhood's  form,  approaching  to  adult  age. 

Spell  son,  a  wise  son  maketh  a  glad  father  ; — sun,  he 
labored  till  the  sun  went  down. 

Labor's  color.  What  is  meant  by  it  ?  Why  is  it  call- 
ed an  honorable  tint  1 

Forehead,  forced,  part  of  the  face  from  the  eyes  up- 
wards, impudence. 

Glance  is  veiled.     In  what  way  ?     Is  this  proper  1 

Spell  eyes,  veiled,  hoary,  prayer,  guide. 

.Oroup.     Who  are  intended  by  this  word  ? 

.Fairy,  fa' re,  a  fabled  being  of  a  diminutive 'human 
form,  belonging  to  fairies,  en'chanting,  engaging. 

Dome,  building,  house,  hemispherical  arch. 

Him.  Who  is  meant  1  All-seeing.  Of  what  com- 
pounded 1 

Doll — drum.  Why  are  they  here  introduced  ?  Are 
both  these  toys  equally  pleasing  to  children  of  the 
same  sex  1 

-Darksome,  gloomy,  obscure- 
Brow,  forehead,  arch  of  hair  over  the  eye. 

What  is  the  attitude  and  demeanor  of  these  children 
at  prayer  ? 

Lisping,  softly  speaking,  indistinct  and  hesitating  ut- 
terance. 

.Cherub,  tsher'tib,  celestial  spirit.     His.     Whose  ? 

Revile,  reproach,  vilify,  treat  with  contumely. 

Jargon,  gabble,  cant,  unintelligible  talk. 

Meaningless,  without  meaning.   From  what  derived  ? 

Wakening  chord,  origin,  spring,  cause,  giving  birth  to. 


124  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Oh  lovely  scene !  most  lovely  !  would  that  thou 

Didst  not  bedeck  the  cottage  bower  alone, 
But  beneath  every  roof  in  beauty  glow, 

From  the  low  hamlet  to  the  lofty  throne. 
Then,  England,  were  the  smiles  of  Heaven  thine  own. 

The  bright  paternal  smiles  of  Deity  ; 
Then,  my  loved  country,  would  thy  soil  be  known 

The  hallowed,  and  the  blest,  the  truly  free, 
And  every  evening  hour  a  nation's  worship  see  1 


LESSON  XXVI. 

Confidence  and  Modesty:  A  Fable. — MRS.  BARBAUUV- 

When  the  gods  knowing  it  to  be  for  the  benefit  of  mor- 
tals that  the  few  should  lead,  and  that  the  many  should 
follow,  sent  down  into  this  lower  world  Ignorance  and 
Wisdom,  they  decreed  to  each  of  them  an  attendant  and 
guide,  to  conduct  their  steps,  and  facilitate  their  intro- 
duction. To  Wisdom  they  gave  Confidence,  and  Igno- 
rance they  placed  under  the  guidance  of  Modesty.  Thus 
paired,  the  parties  travelled  about  the  world  for  some- 
time with  mutual  satisfaction. 

Wisdom,  whose  eye  was  clear  and  piercing,  and  com- 
manded a  long  reach  of  country,  followed  her  conductor 
with  pleasure  and  alacrity.  She  saw  the  windings  of 
the  road  at  a  great  distance ;  her  foot  was  firm,  her  ar- 
dor was  unbroken,  and  she  ascended  the  hill,  or  travers- 
ed the  plain  with  speed  and  safety* 

Ignorance,  on  the  other  hand,  was  short-sighted  and 
timid.  When  she  came  to  a  spot,  where  the  road  branch- 
ed out  in  different  directions,  or  was  obliged  to  pick  her 
way  through  the  obscurity  of  the  tangled  thicket,  she 
was  frequently  at  a  loss,  and  was  accustomed  to  stop  tilt 
some  one  appeared,  to  give  her  the  necessary  informa- 
tion, which  the  interesting  countenance  of  her  compan- 
ion seldom  failed  to  procure  her.  Wisdom,  in  the  meau 
time,  led  by  a  natural  instinct,  advanced  towards  the  tern 
pie  of  Science  and  Eternal  Truth.  For  some  time  the 
way  lay  plain  before  her,  and  she  followed  her  guide  with 
unhesitating  steps :  but  she  had  not  proceeded  far  before 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  125 

Note,  tune,  voice,  sound  in  music,  mark,  notice. 

Oh  lovely  scene  !     What  figure  is  here  employed  / 

Bedeck,  ornament,  deck,  adorn. 

Beneath  every  roof.     What  is  here  the  poet's  wish  ? 

Hamlet,  small  village,  habitation  in  a  village. 

Throne,  seat  of  a  monarch,  king's  palace. 

Smiles  of  Heaven,  favor,  blessing  of  heaven. 

Paternal,  fatherly,  benignant,  belonging  to  a  father. 

Hallowed,  consecrated,  sacred. 

Spell  throne^  he  succeeded  to  his  father's  throne  ; — 
thrown,  he  was  thrown  from  his  horse  and  bruised. 

Fable.     What  is  a  fable  1     See  App. 

Gods,  fictitious   deities.     This  method  of  writing  is 
borrowed  from  ancient  pagans. 

, Ignorance.     What  is  ignorance  represented  to  be  ? 

Decreed,  allotted,  determined. 

.Facilitate,  make  easy,  free  from  difficulty. 

Introduction,  from  introduce,  entrance,  coming  in. 

.Guidance,  from  guide,  direction,  control. 

-Paired,  connected,  coupled. 

Spell  travelled,  mutual,  parties,  satisfaction. 

.Piercing,  peer'sing,  or  pers'ing,  penetrating,  sharp. 
-Reach,  extent,  region. 

Conductor,  director,  guide,  leader.     From  conduct. 

Alacrity,  willingness,  nimbleness,  promptness. 

.Traversed,  went  across,  wandered  over. 

Shortsighted,  able  to  see  but  a  short  distance. 

Timid,  fearful,  cowardly. 

Branched  out.  From  what  object  is  the  figure  taken  ! 

-Pick,  search  out  with  care,  eat  slowly. 

Tangled   thicket,    trees   twisted  together,    growing 
thick. 

Spell  obliged,  obscurity,  necessary. 

Information,  from  inform.     Is  inform  itself  a  primi- 
tive ? 

Interesting,  suited  to  awaken  interest,  affecting. 

Instinct,  natural  desire   or  aversion,  innate  propen- 
sity. 

Science,   knowledge,   certainty  grounded  on  demon- 
stration. 

Eternal  truth.     Why  is  truth  called  eternal  ? 

Unhesitating,  ready.     Change  it  into  a  verb. 


136  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

the  paths  grew  intricate  and  entangled  ;  the  meeting 
branches  of  the  trees  spread  darkness  over  her  head,  and 
steep  mountains  barred  her  way,  whose  summits,  lost  in 
clouds,  ascended  beyond  the  reach  of  mortal  vision.  At 
every  new  turn  of  the  road,  her  guide  urged  her  to  pro- 
ceed ;  but  after  advancing  a  little  way,  she  was  often 
obliged  to  measure  back  her  steps,  and  often  found  her- 
self involved  in  the  mazes  of  a  labyrinth,  which,  after 
exercising  her  patience  and  her  strength,  ended  but 
where  it  began. 

In  the  mean  time  Ignorance,  who  was  naturally  im- 
patient, could  but  ill  bear  the  continual  doubts  and  hesi- 
tation of  her  companion,  she  hated  deliberation,  and 
could  not  submit  to  delay.  At  length  it  so  happened 
that  she  found  herself  on  a  spot  where  three  ways  met, 
and  no  indication  was  to  be  found  which  might  direct 
her  to  the  right  road.  Modesty  advised  her  to  wait ;  and 
she  had  waited  till  her  patience  was  exhausted. — At  that 
moment  Confidence,  who  was  in  disgrace  with  Wisdom 
for  some  false  steps  he  had  led  her  into,  and  who  had  just 
been  discarded  from  her  presence,  came  up,  and  offer* 
himself  to  be  her  guide  :  He  was  accepted.  Under  hit? 
auspices,  Ignorance,  naturally  swift  of  foot,  and  who 
could  at  any  time  have  outrun  Wisdom,  boldly  passed 
forward,  pleased  and  satisfied  with  her  new  companion, 
He  knocked  at  every  door,  visited  castle  and  convent, 
and  introduced  his  charge  to  many  a  society  whence 
Wisdom  found  herself  excluded. 

Modesty  in  the  mean  time,  finding  she  could  be  of  no 
further  use  to  her  charge,  offered  her  services  to  Wis- 
dom. They  were  mutually  pleased  with  each  other,  and 
soon  agreed  never  to  separate.  And  ever  since  that  time 
Ignorance  has  been  led  by  Confidence,  and  Modesty  has- 
been  found  in  the  society  of  Wisdom. 


LESSON  XXVII. 

The  Instability  of  earthly  Greatness. — PHILLIPS. 

When  the  follies  and  the  crimes  of  the  old  world  may 
have  buried  all  the  pride  of  its  power  and  all  the  mark* 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  127 

Intricate,  perplexed,  involved,  obscure. 

Meeting  branches.     What  is  the  literal  meaning  of 
this  ? 

Barred,  obstructed,  blocked  up,  rendered  impassable, 

-Vision,  sight,  appearance,  dream. 

Her  guide.     Who  was  she  ? 

Advancing,  ad-vanse'ing. 

Measure  back,  retrace. 

Involved,  entangled,  lost,  rolled  up. 

Mazes,  winding  passages,  perplexities,  embarrass- 
ments. 

Labyrinth*  place  of  obscure  windings. 

Spell  patience,  hear,  doubts,  hesitation. 

-Exercising,  putting  to  trial,  calling  into  action,. 

Deliberation,  thought  in  order  to  choice. 

Delay,  procrastination,  stay,  stop,  hindrance. 

Happened,  turned,  eventuated,  occurred. 

.Indication,  from  indicate,  evidence,  sight. 

Modesty.     Is  it  a  becoming  quality  in  all  persons  ? 

Advised,  counselled,  recommended,  requested. 

.Exhausted,  drawn  out,  wasted  away. 

Confidence.  In  whom  is  confidence  the  most  unbe- 
coming ? 

Disgrace,  diz-gra.se7  dishonor,  shame,  ignominy. 

Discarded,  driven  away,  discharged,  ejected. 

'Auspices,  protection,  favor,  omens  drawn  from  birds, 
&c. 

Swift  of  foot.     Why  is  this  said  of  ignorance  1 

Outrun.     Of  what  compounded  ? 

.Knocked,  nok't,  struck,  dashed. 

.Door,  dore,  avenue,  passage,  entrance,  that  which 
opens  to  yield  entrance. 

Excluded,  shut  out,  hindered  from  participating. 

Further,  fur'THur.     From  what  derived  ? 

Use.     What  are  some  of  its  derivatives  ? 

-Services,  things  done  at  the  command  of  a  master. 

Mutually,  reciprocally,  in  return. 

Does  what  is  stated  in  the  conclusion  of  this  fable^cor- 
respond  with  fact  ?  Are  ignorant  persons  generally 
bold  and  assuming?  the  wise  retiring  and  modest  ? 

Old  world.     What  is  meant  by  the  old  world  1 

Buried.     Can  you  tell  what  this  metaphor  is  ? 


128  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

of  its  civilization,  may  not  human  nature  find  its  destin- 
ed renovation  in  the  new  world.  When  our  temples 
and  our  trophies  shall  have  mouldered  into  dust — when 
the  glories  of  our  name  shall  be  but  as  the  legend  of 
tradition,  and  the  light  of  our  achievements  live  only  in 
song ;  philosophy  will  rise  again  in  the  sky  of  her  Frank- 
lin, and  glory  rekindle  at  the  urn  of  her  Washington. 
Is  this  the  vision  of  romantic  fancy?  Is  it  even  improb- 
able? is  it  half  so  improbable  as  the  events  which,  for 
the  last  twenty  years,  have  rolled  like  successive  tides* 
over  the  surface  of  the  European  world,  each  erasing 
the  impression  that  preceded  it]  Those  who  doubt 
this  have  paid  but  little  attention  to  the  never  ceasing 
progress  of  the  rise  and  fall  of  nations.  They  have 
dwelt  with  little  reflection  upon  the  records  of  the  past. 
They  form  their  judgment  on  the  deceitful  stability  of 
the  present  hour,  never  considering  the  innumerable 
monarchies  and  republics,  in  former  days  apparently 
as  permanent,  their  very  existence  become  now  the  sub- 
ject of  speculation,  I  had  almost  said  of  scepticism.  I 
appeal  to  history !  Tell  me,  thou  reverend  chronicler  of 
the  grave,  can  all  the  illusions  of  ambition  realized, 
can  all  the  wealth  of  an  universal  cemmerce,  can  all  the 
achievements  of  this  world's  wisdom,  secure  to  empire 
the  permanency  of  its  possessions  1  Alas !  Troy  thought 
so  once,  yet  the  land  of  Priam  lives  only  in  song ! 
Thebes  thought  so  once,  yet  her  hundred  gates  have 
crumbled,  and  her  very  tombs  are  but  as  the  dust  they 
were  vainly  intended  to  commemorate  !  So  thought 
Palmyra :  Where  is  she  1  so  thought  Persepolis,  and 
now— 

"Yon  waste  where  roaming  lions  howl, 

Yon  aisle  where  moans  the  grey-eyed  owl, 

Shows  the  proud  Persian's  great  abode, 

Where  sceptred  once,  an  earthly  God. 
His  power  clad  arm  controlled  each  happier  clime, 
Where  sports  the  warbling  muse,  and  fancy  soars  sublime.*' 

So  thought  the  country  of  Demosthenes  and  the  Spar- 
tan, yet  Leonidas  is  trampled  by  the  timid  slave,  and 
Athens  insulted  by  the  servile  and  mindless  Ottoman  ! 
In  his  hurried  march,  Time  has  but  looked  at  their  im- 


,      ANALYTICAL  READER.  129 

Civilization,  from  civil,  the  state  of  being  civilized. 
Renovation,  renewal,  regeneration,  springing  to  new 

life. 

New  world.     What  is  it  ? 

Trophies,  spoils,  something  taken  from  an  enemy. 
-Legend,  memorial,  relation,  chronicle  of  the  lives  of 

saints. 
Tradition,  that  which  is  delivered  orally,  or  from  mouth 

to  mouth. 
Sky  of  her  Franklin.     What  is  here  intended  1    Who 

was  Franklin  ?  See  App. 
Rekindle,  kindle  again,  relighted,  burn  anew. 
Urn,  any  vessel  of  wfyich  the  mouth  is  narrower  than 
the  body,  the  vessel  in  which  the  remains  of  burnt 
bodies  are  put. 

Tomb-stone,  monument  in  shape  of  an  urn. 
Romantic,  wild,  improbable,  imaginative. 
Erasing,  blotting  out,  rendering  unintelligible. 
Rolled  like.     Is  this  a  metaphor  or  comparison  ? 
-Records,  history,  events,  chronicles,  accounts. 
Stability,  firmness.     From  what  derived  1 
Monarchies,  governments  of  which  a  king  is  the  head* 
Republics,  governments  in  which  the  people  choose 

their  rulers. 

Scepticism,  skep'te-sizm,  universal  doubt. 
Reverend    Chronicler,  venerable   historian.      What 

figure  is  used  ? 

Grave,  actions  of  those  now  in  the  grave. 
Empire, .imperial  power,  dominion,  government  of  an 

empire. 

.Troy.     What  and  where  was  this  place  ?  } 
Land  of  Priam.     Who  w»s  he  1  >  See  App. 

.Thebes.  What  know  you  of  this  place  ?    ) 
Palmyra.     Can  you  describe  this  city  ?)  g        . 
.Persepolis.   What  do  you  know  of  this  ?  ( 
Yon  waste,  that  distant,  desolate  place. 
-Moans,  laments,  mourns,  cries,  hoots. 
Proud  Persian's.     Who  was  he  ?     See  App. 
An  earthly  God.     Wlfy  this  title  ? 
Power  clad,  clothed  with  power,  strong. 
Warbling  muse,  poetic  strain,  singing  of  poetry. 
.Demosthenes.     Describe  him  and  his  country.     See 
App. 


130  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

agined  immortality,  and  all  its  vanities  from  the  palace 
to  the  tomb,  have,  with  their  ruins,  erased  the  very  im- 
pressions of  his  footsteps  !  The  days  of  their  glory  are, 
as  if  they  had  never  been  ;  and  the  island  that  was  then 
a  speck,  rude  and  neglected  in  the  barren  ocean,  now 
rivals  the  ubiquity  of  their  commerce,  the  glory  of  their 
arms,  the  fame  of  their  philosophy,  the  eloquence  of 
their  senate,  and  the  inspiration  of  their  bards  ! 

Who  shall  say,  then,  contemplating  the  past,  that 
England,  proud  and  potent  as  she  appears,  may  not 
be  what  Athens  zs,  and  the  young  America  soar  to  be 
what  Athens  was.  Who  shall  say,  when  the  European 
column  shall  have  mouldered,  and  the  night  of  barba- 
rism obscured  its  very  ruins,  that  that  mighty  continent 
may  not  emerge  from  the  horizon,  to  rule  for  its  time 
sovereign  of  the  ascendant  ! 

Such  is  the  natural  progress  of  human  operations,  and 
such  the  mockery  of  human  pride. 


LESSON  XXVIII. 

The  Slides  from  the  White  Mountains. — ANON. 

The  rains  had  been  falling  nearly  three  weeks  over 
the  southern  parts  of  New  England;  before  they  reach- 
ed the  neighborhood  of  the  White  Mountains.  At  the 
close  of  a  stormy  day,  the  clouds  all  seemed  to  come  to- 
gether as  to  a  resting  place,  on  these  lofty  summits; 
and  having  retained  their  chief  treasures  till  now,  at 
midnight  discharged  them  in  one  terrible  burst  of  rain, 
the  effects  of  which  were  awful  and  disastrous.  The 
storm  continued  most  of  the  night ;  but  the  next  morn- 
ing was  clear  and  serene.  The  view  from  the  hill  of 
Bethlehem  was  extensive  and  delightful.  In  the  eastern 
horizon,  mount  Washington,  with  the  neighboring- 
peaks,  on  the  north  and  on  the  south,  formed  a  grand 
outline  far  up  in  the  blue  sky.  Two  or  three  small  flee- 
cy clouds  rested  on  its  side,  a  little  below  its  summit, 
while  from  behind  this  highest  point  of  land  in  the  Unit- 
ed States  east  of  the  Mississippi,  the  sun  rolled  up  re- 
joicing in  his  strength  and  glory.  We  started  off  to- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  131 

Leonidas,  the  Spartan.    What  know  you  of  him.  See 
App. 

Ottoman,  Turk,  follower  of  Mahomet. 

Time.     What  figure  of  speech  is  here  used  ? 

-Impressions,  marks,  feelings,  suspicions. 

Island.     What  island  is  meant  ?  Was  it   known  be- 
fore the  Christian  era  ? 

Barren  ocean.     Why  was  the  ocean  then  said  to  be 
barren  ? 

.Ubiquity,  whole,  omnipresence. 

Glory,  splendor,  victory,  success,  renown. 

Senate,  assembly  for  enacting  laws,  court. 

Bard?,  poets,  minstrels,  songsters. 

England.     Where  situate  ?  See  maps. 

Potent,  strong,  powerful,  mighty,  great. 

Young  America.     Why  called  young? 

Column,  kol'lum,  round  pillar,  part  of  a  page. 

Barbarism.     Savage  state.     Why  called  a  night  ? 

Emerge,  rise,  ascend  from  the  water. 
-Ascendant,  part  of  the  ecliptic  above  the  horizon,  su- 
perior, predominant,  superiority. 

Sovereign  of  the  ascendant,  most  powerful  during  its 

own  time. 
.  White  Mountains.     Where  are  they  ? 

Slides,  masses  of  earth,  &c.  sliding  down  the  moun- 
tain. 

Southern  part.     WThat   States  are  in   New  England  ? 
and  what  constitute  the  southern  part  ? 

Treasures.     What  are  the  clouds  likened  to  ? 

-Discharged,  disburdened,  unloaded,  set  free,  let  off  a 

gun- 
Disastrous,  calamitous,  destructive. 
Serene,  calm,  still,  cloudless,  unruffled. 
-View,  prospect,  sight,  examine,  observe. 
What  is  the  highest  peak  of  the  White  Hills  ? 
Horizon,  line  that  terminates  the  view. 
Outline,  contour,  extremity,  line  defining  a  figure. 
Fleecy,  wooly,  covered  with  wool,  like  the  fleeces  of 

sheep. 
East.  What  States  are  west  of  the  Mississippi  ?  Give 

a  description  of  this  river. 
, Rejoicing.  What  figure  of  speech  is  here  employed  ? 


132  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

wards  the  object  of  our  journey,  with  spirits  greatly  es> 
hilarated  by  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  our  prospect* 
As  we  hastened  forward  with  our  eyes  fixed  on  the  tops 
of  the  mountains  before  us,  little  did  we  think  of  the 
scene  of  destruction  around  their  base  on  which  the  sun 
was  now  for  the  first  time  beginning  to  shine.  In  about 
half  an  hour  we  entered  a  wilderness  in  which  we  were 
struck  with  its  universal  stillness.  From  every  leaf  in 
its  immense  masses  of  foliage  the  rain  hung  in  large 
glittering  drops  ;  and  the  silver  note  of  a  single  unseen 
and  unknown  bird  was  the  only  sound  that  we  could  hear. 
After  we  had  proceeded  a  mile  or  two,  the  roaring  of  the 
Ammonoosuc  began  to  break  upon  the  stillness,  and  now 
grew  so  loud  as  to  excite  our  surprise.  In  consequence 
of  coming  to  the  river  almost  at  right  angles,  and  by  a 
very  narrow  road,  through  trees  and  bushes  very  thick, 
we  had  no  view  of  the  water,  till  with  a  quick  trot  we 
had  advanced  upon  the  bridge  too  far  to  retreat,  when 
the  sight  that  opened  at  once  to  the  right  hand  and  to 
the  left,  drew  from  all  of  us  similar  exclamations  of  as- 
tonishment and  terror ;  and  we  hurried  over  the  trem- 
bling fabric  as  fast  as  possible.  After  finding  ourselves 
safe  on  the  other  side,  we  walked  down  to  the  brink ; 
and,  though  familiar  with  mountain  scenery,  we  all  con- 
fessed we  had  never  seen  a  mountain  torrent  before. 
The  water  was  as  thick  with  earth  as  it  could  be,  with- 
out being  changed  into  mud.  A  man  liviirg  near  in  a  log 
hut  showed  us  how  high  it  was  at  day  break.  Though 
it  had  fallen  six  feet,  he  assured  us  it  was  ten  feet  above 
its  ordinary  level.  To  this  add  its  ordinary  depth  of 
three  or  four  feet,  and  here  at  day  break  was  a  body  of 
water  twenty  feet  deep  and  sixty  feet  wide,  moving  with 
the  rapidity  of  a  gale  of  wind  between  steep  banks  cov- 
ered with  hemlocks  and  pines,  and  over  a  bed  of  large 
rocks,  breaking  its  surface  into  billows  like  those  of  the 
ocean.  After  gazing  a  few  moments  on  this  sublime 
sight,  we  proceeded  on  our  way,  for  the  most  part  at 
some  distance  from  the  river  till  we  came  to  the  farm  of 
Rosebrook,  lying  on  the  banks.  We  found  his  fields 
covered  with  water,  and  sand,  and  flood-wood.  His 
fences  and  bridges  were  all  swept  away,  and  the  road 
was  so  blocked  up  with  logs,  that  we  had  to  wait  for  the 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  133 

^.Exhilarated,  revived,  regaled,  made  merry. 
Beauty  and  grandeur.     What  is  the  usual  effect  of 

such  a  view  ? 

-Fixed  on,  fastened  to,  looking  at. 
Scene,  spectacle,  exhibition,  division  of  a  play. 
-Base,  foundation,  foot,  bottom. 
Wilderness,  desert,  a  solitary  *nd  savage  tract,  from 

wild. 

-Struck,  beaten,  affected,  impressed. 
Masses,  heaps,  quantities,  shapeless  pieces. 
-Silver,  soft  and  clear,  like^ilver,  precious  metal. 
Roaring,  loud  hoarse  sou"*.     What   animal  is  prop- 
erly said  to  roar  ? 
-Break,  tear  asunder,  ir>errupt. 

Ammonoosuc,    (tipped  and  Lower,)  rivers   of  New- 
Hampshire. 

-Grew,  became,  enlaged  in  size. 
At  right  angles,  stp*ght  against  it,  making  a  square 

corner  on  each  ^e* 
-Retreat,  go  back/ty  from  an  enemy. 
-Sight,  prospect,  *ew»  act  or  sense  of  seeing. 
Drew.     Is  this  /figurative  expression  ? 
Exclamation,  f°m  exclaim,  sudden  expression. 
.Fabric,  struct™,  building,  bridge. 
.Scenery,  fro*  scene,  prospects,  views,  landscapes. 
Confessed,  ^knowledged,  asked  pardon  for  an  error. 
Torrent,  r§>id,  overwhelming  stream. 
-Changed,  Altered,  converted,  turned. 
-Fallen,  leered,  suddenly  descended  to  the  earth. 
-Ordinary  common,  usual,  customary,  in  a  state  of 

mediocrity. 

-Add,  ainex,  connect  with,  reckon  up. 
Rapidty,  from  rapid,  velocity,  celerity. 
Billovs,  waves,  fluctuations,  unevenness  of  the  ocean. 
-Ocean-     In  what  respect  did  this  torrent  resemble 

the  ocean  ? 
Hejnlocks  and  pines,  evergreens,  unfading  as  to  their 

colors. 

-Lying,  reposing,  situate,  telling  lies. 
Flood  wood,  wood  borne  down  by  the  flood. 
Swept  away,  carried  away.     Whence  the  figure  7 
Blocked  up,  obstructed,  rendered  impassable. 
12 


134  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

labor  of  men  and  oxen  before  we  could  get  to  his  bouse. 
Here  we  were  told  that  the  river  was  never  before 
known  to  bring  down    any  considerable   quantity   of 
earth,  and  were  pointed  to  bare  spots  on  the  sides  of  the 
White  Mountains,  mver  seen  till  that  morning.     As  our 
road,  for  the  remaining  six  miles,  lay  quite   near  the 
river  and  crossed  mam  small  tributary  streams,  we  em- 
ployed a  man  to  accomoany  us  with  an  axe.     We  were 
frequently  obliged  to  remove  trees  from  the  road,  to  fill 
excavations,  to  mend  anl  make  bridges,  or   contrive  to 
get  our    horses  and  wag>n  along  separately.      After 
toiling  in  this  manner  half  \  day,  we  reached  the  end  of 
our  journey,  not  however  wthout  being  obliged  to  leave 
our  wagon  half  a  mile  behim  In  many  places,  in  those 
six  miles,  the  road  and  the  w0le  adjacent  woods,  as  it 
appeared  from  the  marks  on  he  trees,  had  been  over- 
flowed to  the  depth  of  ten  feet.  In  one  place,  the  river, 
in  consequence  of  some  obstrution  at   a  remarkable 
fall,  had  been  twenty  feet  higher  than  it  was  when  we 
passed.   We  stopped  to  view  the  f«i,  which  Dr.  Dwight 
calls  "  beautiful."     He  says  of  it,    the  descent  is  from 
fifty  to  sixty  feet,  cut  through  a  mas  of  stratified  gran- 
ite ;  the  sides  of  which  appear  as  if  bey  had  been  laid 
by  a  mason  in  a  variety  of  fantastical  ^rms  ;  betraying, 
however,  by  their  rude  arcd  wild  aspet,  the  masterly 
hand  of  nature."     This  description  is  ufficiently  cor- 
rect ;  but  the  beauty  of  the  fall  was  no\*lost  in  its  sub- 
limity. You  have  only  to  imagine  the  wh«e  body  of  the 
Ammonobsuc,   as  it  appeared  at  the  bricre  which  we 
crossed,  now  compressed  to  half  of  its  wio-.h,  and  sent 
downward  at  an  angle  of  20  or  25  degrees,  b  tween  per- 
pendicular walls  of  stone.  On  our  arrival  at  Crawford's, 
the  appearance  of  his  farm  was  like  that  of  Roebrook's, 
only  much  worse.     Some  of  his  sheep  and  catie  were 
lost,  and  eight  hundred  bushels  of  oats  were  destroyed. 
Here  we  found  five  gentlemen,  who  gave  us  an  mterest- 
ing  account   of  their  unsuccessful   attempt  to  ascend 
Mount  Washington  the  preceding  day.     They  went  to 
the  "  Camp"  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  on  Sabbath  eve- 
ning,   and  lodged  there  with  the  intention  of  climbing; 
the  summit  the  next  morning.     But  in  the  morning  the 
mountains  were  enveloped  in  thick  clouds  ;  the  rain  be- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  135 

Labors,  employments,  callings,  avocations. 

Considerable,  very  large,  of  some  extent. 

Quantity,  mass,  bulk. 
-Earth,  inert  matter,  soil,  dirt,  globe,  planet. 

Bring  down.      Do  you  recollect  any  mountains   in 

Europe  famous  for  slides  1 
-Bare,  naked,  stripped  of  external  covering,  expose. 

Tributary,  emptying  in,  subordinate,  paying  tribute. 

Employed,  engaged,  negotiated  with. 

Accompany,  attend,  go  with,  from  company. 

Excavations,  places  dug  out,  hollownesses. 

Mend,  repair,  refit,  make  passable. 

Toiling,  from  toil,  laboring,  fatiguing  one's  self. 
-Reached,  attained  to,  arrived  at,  extended. 

Adjacent,  contiguous,  neighboring,  in  close  proxi- 
mity. 

Overflowed,  inundated,  spread  over* 

Obstruction,  hindrance,  difficulty,  from  obstruct. 
-Fall,  cataract,  descent  of  water,  descend,  stumble. 

Dr.  Dwight.     Who  was  this  gentleman  1 

Stratified,  lying  in  strata,  abounding  in  layers. 
.Granite,  hard  coarse  rock,  rock  having  grains. 

Mason,  stone  or  brick  layer. 

Fantastical,  wild,  imaginative,  unreasonable. 
-Betraying,  discovering,  becoming  treacherous,  acting 
the  traitor. 

Rude,  coarse,  rough,  unpolished,  uncultivated. 

Aspect,  face,  countenance,  appearance,  look. 

Nature.     What  is  it  represented  to  be  ? 

Imagine,  picture  in  your  thoughts.     From  image. 

Compressed,  contracted,  narrowed. 

Angle  of  20   or  25  degrees.      Make  such  an  angle  as 
nearly  as  you  can  on  your  slate.     See  App. 

Perpendicular  walls,  walls  whose  sides  are  upright. 

Bushels.     How  many  quarts  in  a  bushel  1 

Unsuccessful,  unavailing,  without  success. 
-Attempt,   endeavor,    try,    assay,    make   the   experi- 
ment. 

Intention,  purpose,  design,  from  intent. 

Summit,  peak,  loftiest  point,  from  sum. 

Enveloped,  covered,  concealed,  veiled. 


136  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

gaii  to  fall,  and  increased  till  afternoon,  when  it  came 
down  in  torrents.  At  five  o'clock  they  proposed  to  spend 
another  night  at  the  camp,  and  let  their  guide  return 
home  for  a  fresh  supply  of  provisions  for  the  next  day. 
But  the  impossibility  of  keeping  a  fire  where  every 
thing  was  so  wet,  and  at  length  the  advice  of  their  guide 
made  them  all  conclude  to  return,  though  with  great  re- 
luctance. No  time  was  now  to  be  lost,  for  they  had  sev- 
eu  miles  to  travel  on  foot,  and  six  of  them  by  a  rugged 
path  through  a  gloomy  forest.  They  ran  as  fast  as  their 
circumstances  would  permit ;  but  the  dark  evergreens 
around  them,  and  the  black  clouds  above,  made  it  night 
before  they  had  gone  half  of  the  way.  The  rain  pour- 
ed down  faster  every  moment ;  and  the  little  streams, 
which  they  had  stepped  across  the  evening  before,  must 
now  be  crossed  by  wading,  or  by  cutting  down  trees  for 
bridges,  to  which  they  were  obliged  to  cling  for  life.  In 
this  way  they  reached  the  bridge  over  the  Ammonoosuc 
near  Crawford's  just  in  time  to  pass  it  before  it  was  car- 
ried down  the  current.  On  Wednesday,  the  weather 
being  clear  and  beautiful,  and  the  waters  having  subsi- 
ded, six  gentlemen,  with  a  guide,  went  to  Mount  Wash- 
ington, and  one  accompanied  Mr.  Crawford  to  the 
"  Notch, "*from  which  nothing  had  yet  been  heard.  We 
met  again  at  evening  and  related  to  each  other  what  we 
had  seen.  The  party  who  went  to  the  mountain  were 
five  hours  in  reaching  the  site  of  the  Camp,  instead  of 
three,  the  usual  time.  The  path  for  nearly  one  third  of 
the  distance  was  so  much  excavated,  or  covered  with 
miry  sand,  or  blocked  up  with  flood  wood,  that  they 
were  obliged  to  grope  their  way  through  thickets  almost 
impenetrable,  where  one  generation  of  trees  after  anoth- 
er, had  risen  and  fallen,  and  were  now  lying  across 
each  other  in  every  direction,  and  in  various  stages  of 
decay.  The  Camp  itself  had  been  wholly  swept  away; 
and  the  bed  of  the  rivulet,  by  which  it  had  stood,  was 
now  more  than  ten  rods  wide,  and  with  banks  from  ten  to 
fifteen  feet  high.  Four  or  five  other  brooks  were  pass- 
ed, whose  beds  were  enlarged,  some  of  them  to  twice 
the  extent  of  this.  In  several  the  water  was  now  only 
three  or  four  feet  wide,  while  the  bed  often,  fifteen,  or 
twenty  rods  in  width5  was  covered  for  miles  with  stones 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  137 

Increased,  was  augmented,  became  more  power- 
ful. 

Spell  nighty  they  spent  another  night  at  the  camp  ; — 
knight,  he  was  raised  for  his  valor,  to  the  rank  of 
a  knight. 

-Guide,  leader,  director,  afford  guidance. 
-Supply,  quantity,  what  is  necessary,  furnish. 
.Provisions,  victuals,  from  provide. 
Reluctance,  unwillingness,  repugnance. 
Rugged,  rough,  uneven,  toilsome. 
Forest,  woods,  thick  trees. 

Night.     How  could  these  things  make  it  night  ? 
Spell  pour,  they  pour  out   their  contents  ; — pore,  he 

bled  at  every  pore,  they  pore  over  their  lesson. 
Wading,  fording,  crossing,  without  bridge  or  boat. 
Cling,  adhere,  cleave,  fasten  themselves. 
Little    streams.     Are    the    sources   of   large   rivers 

small. 

-Current,  running  stream,  prevailing,  swift  channel. 
-Just,  precisely,  exactly,  only  according  to  justice. 
Subsided,  settled  down,  freed  from  agitation. 
Gentleman.     Of  what  compounded  ?     Who  is  a  gen- 
tleman f 

Notch.     Can  you  describe  this  place  ? 
-Related,  gave  an  account,  connected  by  blood. 
Mount  Washington;  What  is  its  height  ?  After  whom 

is  it  named  ? 

Party,  band,  scout,  number  of  persons. 
Site,  spot,  where  it  stood,  place,  situation. 
Camp.     Who  lodged  here  a  few  days  before  ? 
Excavated,  dug  into  cavities. 
Grope,  feel,  search  out  by  feeling  in  the  dark. 
Impenetrable,  impassable,  cannot  be  penetrated. 
Generation,  growth,  race,  age,  from  generate. 
-Stages,  states,  processes,  theatre. 
Decay,  decomposition,  going  back  to  dust. 
Rivulet,  from  river,  small  streiim,  brpok. 
Brook,  running  water,  rivulet,  to  bear,  to   endure, 

to  be  content. 

-Beds,  places  of  running,  channels,  couches. 
In  several,  in  a  number,  many,  part. 
12* 


*38  SEQUEX  TO  THE 

from  two  to  five  feet  in  diameter,  that  had  been  roiled-' 
down  the  mountain  and  through  the  forests,  by  thou- 
sands, bearing  every  thing  before  them.  Not  a  treey 
nor  the  root  o;'  a  tree,  remained  in  their  path.  Immense 
piles  of  hemlocks  and  other  trees,  with  their  limbs  and 
bark  entirely  bruised  off,  were  lodged  all  the  way  on 
both  sides,  as  they  had  been  driven  in  among  the  stand- 
ing and  half  standing  trees  on  the  banks.  While  the 
party  were  climbing  the  mountain,  thirty  "  slides"  were 
counted,  some  of  which  began  where  the  soil  and  vege- 
tation terminate,  and  growing  wilder  as  they  descended, 
were  estimated  to  contain  more  than  a  hundred  acres. 
These  were  all  on  the  western  side  of  the  mountains. 
They  were  composed  of  the  whole  surface  of  the  earth, 
with  all  its  growth  of  woods,  and  its  loose  rocks,  to  the 
depth  of  15,  20,  and  30  feet.  And  wherever  the  slides 
of  the  projecting  mountains  met,  forming  a  vast  ravine, 
the  depth  was  still  greater. 


LESSON  XXIX. 
The  same,  concluded. 

The  intelligence  from  the  Notch,  was  of  a  more  mel- 
ancholy nature.  In  June  last  there  was  a  slide  at  this 
place,  not  unlike  the  one  which  we  are  now  describing. 
A  person,  who  was  at  the  spot  a  few  days  after  the  oc- 
currence, thus  indulges  his  excited  feelings  :  "  The  sub- 
lime and  awful  grandeur  of  the  Notch  baffles  all  des- 
cription. Geometry  may  settle  the  heights  of  the  moun- 
tains, and  numerical  figures  may  record  the  measure, 
but  no  words  can  tell  the  emotions  of  the  soul,  as  it 
looks  upward  and  views  the  almost  perpendicular  preci- 
pices which  line  the  narrow  spade  between  them  ;  while 
the  senses  ache  with  terror  and  astonishment,  as  one 
sees  himself  hedged  in  from  all  the  world  besides.  He 
may  cast  his  eye  forward  or  backward,  or  to  either  side 
— he  can  see  only  upward,  and  there  the  diminutive  cir- 
cle of  his  vision  is  cribbed  and  confined  by  the  battle- 
ments of  nature's  '  cloud-capt  towers,'  which  seem  as  if 
they  wanted  only  the  breathing  of  a  zephyr,  or  the  waft- 


ANALYTICAL  READER. 

Diameter,  distance  across  or  through. 
Covered,  enveloped,  concealed,  overspread. 
By  thousands,  in  great  numbers. 
Immense,  immeasurable,  unlimited,  very  great. 
^Piles,  heaps,  masses,  quantities. 
Limbs,  arms,  branches. 
.Bruised,  peeled,  knocked. 
Half  standing.     What  was  their  appearance  1 
Soil.     How  does  that  differ  from  other  earth  ? 
Vegetation,  growth  of  trees  and  plants,  from  vegetate. 
Terminate,  cease,  discontinue,  limit. 
Estimated,  judged,  thought,  considered. 
Western,  from  west.     What  are  the  cardinal  points  ? 
Composed,  made  up,  formed,  written. 
Surface  of  the  earth,  external  coat. 
-Growth,  increase,  enlargement,  productions. 
Loose,  unbound,  untied,  unchaste. 
Projecting,  imminent,  hanging  out. 
Ravine,  narrow  opening,  fissure. 


^Intelligence,  knowledge,  news,  information. 
-Nature,  kind,  character,  what  is  opposed  to  art. 

Indulges,  grants  permission  to,  gratifies,  bestows  fer- 
vor upon. 

Excited,  agitated,  awakened,  enlivened. 

Baffles,  defeats,  frustrates,  eludes,  confounds. 
-Settle,  determine,  cause  to  subside. 

Heights,  distances  from  the   level  of  the  earth,  or  sea. 

Record,  note  down,  take  account  of, 

Precipices,  steep  crags,   broken  rocks. 
-Line,  limit,  cover,  small  cord. 

Hedged  in,  shut  up,  confined. 

Diminutive,  small,  comparative  little. 
-Circle,   line  equally  distant  from   the  centre,  extent- 
Cribbed,  caged,  shut  up  in  a  narrow  habitation. 

Battlements,  walls  with  interstices. 

Cloud-capt  towers,  heights  of  mountains  covered  witU 
clouds, 

Wafting,  floating,  being  borne  along- 


140  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

ing  of  a  straw  against  them,  to  displace  them,  and  crush 
the  prisoner  in  their  fall. — Just  before  my  visit  to  thi& 
place,  there  was  a  tremendous  avalanche,  or  slide,  as  it 
is  there  called,  from  the  mountain,  which  makes  the 
southern  wall  of  the  passage.  An  immense  mass  of 
earth  and  rocks,  from  the  side  of  the  mountain,  was  loos- 
ened from  its  resting  place,  and  began  to  slide  towards 
the  bottom.  In  its  course  it  divided  into  three  portions, 
each  coming  down,  with  amazing  velocity,  into  the  road, 
and  sweeping  before  it  shrubs,  trees  and  rocks,  filling  up 
the  road  beyond  all  possibility  of  its  being  recovered. 
With  great  labor,  a  pathway  has  been  made  over  these 
fallen  masses,  which  admits  the  passage  of  a  carriage. 
The  place  from  which  this  slide  01*  slip  was  loosen- 
ed, is  directly  in  the  rear  of  Mr.  Willey's  house  ;  and 
were  there  not  a  special  Providence  in  the  fall  of  a 
sparrow,  and  had  not  the  finger  of  that  Providence  tra- 
ced the  direction  of  the  sliding  mass,  neither  he,  nor  any 
soul  of  his  family,  would  have  ever  told  the  tale.  They 
heard  the  noise  when  it  first  began  to  move,  arid  ran  to 
the  door.  In  terro^yand  amazement,  they  beheld  the 
mountain  in  motion. "*  But  what  can  human  power  effect 
in  such  an  emergency  1  Before  they  could  think  of  re- 
treating, or  ascertain  which  way  to  escape,  the  danger 
was  past.  One  portion  of  the  avalanche  crossed  the  road 
about  ten  rods  only  from  their  habitation," 

Such  was  the  alarm  and  the  danger  of  that  unfortunate 
family,  early  in  the  summer.  Knowing  how  much  they 
must  have  been  exposed  by  this  repeated  falling  of  the 
mountain  ;  we  were  peculiarly  anxious  to  hear  what  in- 
formation Crawford  and  the  gentleman  accompanying 
him,  had  brought  from  the  Notch.  They  found  the  road, 
though  a  turnpike,  in  such  a  state,  that  they  were  oblig- 
ed to  walk  to  the  house  of  this  family,  a  distance  of  six 
miles.  All  the  bridges  over  the  Ammonoosuc,  five  in 
number,  those  over  the  Saco,  and  those  over  the  tribu- 
tary streams  of  both,  were  gone.  In  the  Notch,  and 
along  the  deep  defile  below  it,  for  a  mile  and  a  half  to 
the  Notch  house,  and  as  far  as  could  be  seen  beyond  it, 
no  appearance  of  the  road,  except  in  one  place  for  two 
or  three  rods,  could  be  discovered.  The  steep  sides  of 
the  mountains,  first  on  one  hand,  then  on  the  other,  and 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  141 

Displace,  disarrange,  throw  into  confusion. 

Avalanche,  av-a-lanch,  slide  of  the  mountain. 

What  country  do  such  things  abound  in  1 

Passage,  from  pass.     What  was  this  1 
-Slide,  slip,  fall,  coming  down  of  a  part  of  the  mount. 
-Course,  passage,  going  down,  direction. 

Amazing,  astonishing,  overwhelming. 

Shrubs,  small  bushes,  under  brush. 

Recovered,  possessed   again,  rejoiced,  made  as  be- 
fore. 
-Carriage,  vehicle,  deportment,  air. 

In  the  rear,  back,  behind. 

Special,  particular,  peculiar,  appropriate,  extraordi- 
nary. 

Providence,  interposition  of  God,  divine  aid  or  direc* 
tion. 

Sparrow,  See  Luke  12  :  6,  7. 
-Traced,  marked  out,  followed  by  the  track. 

Tale,  occurrence,  story,  marvellous  account. 

Spell  heard,  the  speaker  was  distintly  heard ; — herd, 
they  herd  together,  the  whole  herd  ran  violently 
down  the  precipice. 

Human  power,  power  or  energy  of  man. 
-Emergency,  pressing  necessity,  sudden  occasion. 
-Retreating,  flying  away,  withdrawing,  giving  back. 
.Ascertain,  find  out,  know  for  certainty. 

Habitation,  place  inhabited,  tenement. 

Unfortunate,  calamitous,  afflicted,  from  fortune. 

Repeated  falling.  How  many  slides  were  there  ? 
.Anxious,  solicitous,  very  desirous. 

Information,  intelligence,  news. 

Crawford.  How  long  was  he  going  and  return- 
ing? 

State,  condition,  division  of  a  country,  make  mention. 

Saco.     What  know  you  of  this  river  ? 
-Defile,  narrow  passage,  render  impure. 

Appearance,  external  looks,  visible  marks,  what  is  op- 
posed to  reality. 

Discovered,    discerned,    searched    out,    brought    to 

light, 
-Hand,  side,  way,  extremity  of  the  arm. 

Spell  Saco,  Saw'  ko,  Ammonoosuc.. 


142  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

then  on  both,  had  slid  down  into  this  narrow  passage* 
and  presented  a  continued  mass  from  one  end  to  the  oth- 
er, so  that  it  will  require  immense  labor  to  render  this 
road  again  passable.  The  Notch  house  was  found  un- 
injured, though  the  barn  adjoining  it  by  a  shed,  was 
crushed,  and  under  its  ruins  were  two  dead  horses.  The 
house  was  entirely  deserted  ;  the  beds  were  tumbled  ; 
their  covering  was  turned  down  ;  and  near  them  upon 
chairs  and  on  the  floor,  lay  the  wearing  apparel  of  the 
several  members  of  the  family ;  while  the  money  and 
papers  of  Mr.  Willey  were  lying  in  his  open  bar.  No  ; 
not  one  of  the  family  remains  to  tell  another  tale  of  dan- 
ger. They  were  all  buried  alive  under  the  overwhelm- 
ing masses  of  earth  and  stone.  Nine  of  them  in  num- 
ber, frightened  from  their  beds,  and  running  for  their 
lives  to  what  they  thought  would  be  a  place  of  greater 
safety,  met  death  in  his  most  appalling  terrors,  while 
they  fondly  hoped  they  were  escaping  from  his  fury. 
The  mountains  fell  upon  them,  and  hid  them  forever, 
from  the  light  of  life. 

After  their  alarm  in  June,  Mr.  Willey  erected  a  camp 
at  a  little  distance  from  the  house,  as  a  refuge  in  times 
of  similar  danger.  This  camp  he  supposed  to  be  entirely 
secure ;  and  to  this  the  family  were  flying  on  that  disas- 
trous night.  Had  they  remained  in  their  house  they 
would  all  have  been  saved,  as  a  large  rock  in  the  rear  of 
their  dwelling  resisted  the  avalanche,  divided  the  tor- 
rent of  sliding  earth,  rocks,  trees,  and  water,  leaving 
the  house  and  a  few  feet  of  earth  in  front  unbroken.  But 
not  so  was  the  will  of  Heaven.  Their  death  has  blend- 
ed a  gloominess  and  a  terror  with  the  sublimity  of  the 
scene.  The  future  traveller  to  this  spot,  while  he  feels 
a  weakness  coming  over  him,  as  he  gazes  up  towards 
the  heavens,  and  traces  the  horrible  path  of  this  disrup- 
tion ; — while  he  remembers  that  a  long  storrn  of  rain 
beat  upon  the  overhanging  brow  of  the  mountain,  and 
that  black  heavy  clouds  girdled  it  mid- way  ;  while  his 
imagination  draws  the  curtain  of  night  over  the  hills  and 
over  the  valley  below,  and  he  almost  feels  the  awful 
grandeur  of  that  moment  when  a  long  ridge  of  the  dark 
ragged  mountain,  loosened  itself  in  the  higher  regions 
of  clouds,  and  rolled  its  desolations  into  the  gulf  be- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  H3 

Formed,  moulded,  shaped,  made,  constituted. 

Continued,  uninterrupted,  continuous. 

Passable,  can  be  travelled,  from  pass. 

Uninjured,  unhurt,  without  loss.     From  what  ? 

Adjoining,  adjacent  to,  connected  with,  from  join. 
-Deserted,  forsaken,  fled,  escaped  unlawfully. 

Apparel,  garb,  habiliments,  dress. 

Money  and  papers.     What  was  Mr.  Willey's  busi- 
ness 1 

-Bar,  bolt,  room  in  a  tavern,  obstacle  at  the  entrance 
of  a  harbor. 

Another  tale.     What  was  the  former  ? 

Overwhelming,  deluging,  swallowing  up. 

Appalling,  hideous,  terrific,  frightful. 

Mountains  fell  upon  them.    Rev.  vi.  15,  16. 

Hid  them.     What  does   the  Bible  mention  as  more 
dreadful  than  this  ? 

Light  of  life,  day  of  life,  or  life  itself. 

Erected,  raised  up,  built,  constructed. 

Camp,  order  of  tents  placed  by  armies,  place  for  lodg- 
ing. 

Refuge,  place  of  security,  place  to  flee  to. 

Danger.     Is  man  often  ignorant  in  regard  to  his  own 
safety  ? 

Disastrous,  fatal,  abounding  in  disasters,  calamitous. 
-Remained,  stayed  behind,  abode  still. 

Saved.     Is  it  certain  they  would  have  been  saved  ? 

-Resisted,  contended  with,  opposed,  obstructed. 

Will  of  Heaven,  purpose  of  God,  divine  counsel. 

-Blended,  mingled,  united  colors,  confounded. 

Gloominess,  sadness,  melancholy,  from  gloom. 

Sublimity.     What  is  necessary  to  sublimity  ? 

Scene.     W^hat  was  this  ? 

Weakness,  imbecility,  effeminacy,  want  of  strength. 

As  he  gazes.     Why  a  weakness  then  ? 

Disruption,  break,  rent,  act  of  breaking  asunder. 

-Beat,  fell  violently,  struck,  attacked  with  fists  or  clubs. 

-Brow,  forehead,  arch  over  the  eye,  edge  of  a  high  place. 

Girdled,  hung  round,  bound  around,  wearing  a  girdle, 

Curtain.  What  is  night  made  to  resemble  ? 

Grandeur,  loftiness,  sublimity,  from  grand. 

Ragged,  uneven,  rough,  rent  into  tatters. 


144  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

«eath — overwhelming  as  this  must  be  to  his  senses  ;  will 
yet  regard  it  all' with  deeper,  and  more  awful  emotions, 
by  the  vivid  recollection,  that  the  wail  of  despair  was  in 
the  storm,  and  the  angel  of  death  was  at  work  busied  in 
this  breaking  up  of  the  elements.  These  hapless  suffer- 
ers will  never  need  a  marble  to  perpetuate  their  memo- 
ries. Their  catastrophe  may  always  be  read  on  the  rent 
face  of  a  monument  larger  than  the  pyramids. 


LESSON  XXX. 
A   Whole  Family  Extinct. 

My  feelings  were  in  too  high  a  state  of  excitement  to 
attempt  to  write  on  what  had  happened.  Even  now,  so 
many  days  after  the  mournful  scene  has  passed,  my  bo- 
som heaves  with  grief,  not  unlike  the  ocean  which  swells 
and  rolls  its  extended  billows  long  after  the  storm  has 
ceased  to  rage.  Our  family  have  been  visited  with  the 
sorest  affliction.  To  lose  so  many  relatives  in  one  fatal 
moment,  ignorant  of  the  distress  through  which  they 
passed, — left  in  awful  suspense  to  form  a  thousand  heart- 
rending conjectures,  without  the  possibility  of  obtaining 
an  accurate  knowledge  of  their  condition — to  think  of 
death  coming,  in  this  or  that  horrid  shape,  on  the  part- 
ners of  our  blood, — must,  you  will  readily  believe,  have 
pierced  the  bosoms  of  remaining  kindred  with  sorrows 
too  deep  to  be  soon  forgotten.  Long  will  our  breasts 
remain  scarred  with  their  wounds: — a  state,  which  agrees 
but  too  well  with  the  present  appearances  of  the  region, 
whence  springs  our  sorrow, — where  a  cheerless  desola- 
tion prevails,  though  the  tempest  which  produced  it  has 
ceased  its  fury,  and  the  thunder  of  that  dreadful  night  no 
longer  rolls  its  tremendous  peals  amidst  the  cliffs  and  de- 
files of  those  majestic  hills,  which  being  daily  exposed  to 
our  view,  are  the  daily  remembrancers  of  our  woe.  A 
mournful  sense  of  what  has  passed  we  shall  carry  with 
us  to  our  graves. 

After  leaving  Crawford's,  and  proceeding  to  the  place 
of  our  destination,  when  we  entered  the  opening,  a  hun- 
dred rods  perhaps  below  the  Notch  house,  which  was 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  145 

Desolations,  ruins,  destructions,  from  desolate. 

Senses,  feelings.     What  are  the  senses  7 

Vivid,  lively,  quick,  striking:,  active. 

Wail,  audible  sorrow,  shriek,  groan. 

Angel  of  death.  What  is  death  here  represented  to  he? 

Elements,  component  parts  of  the  world. 

Perpetuate,  continue  in  existence,  make  lasting. 

Catastrophe,  event  of  death,  final  issue,  destruction. 

Pyramids.     Can  you  tell  where  these  aroto  he  fotrnd  t 

.Extinct,  without"  succession,  put  out,  quenched,  ex- 
tinguished, blotted  out.  This  is  the  Willcy  family 
which  is  mentioned  in  the  preceding  lesson  ;  and 
this  account  is  from  another  hand,  given  in  a  private 
letter  to  a  relative  at  a  distance  by  a  brother  of  the 
lamented  man,  whose  catastrophe,  with  that  of  his 
whole  household,  is  here  recorded.  As  the  event  is 
without  any  parallel  in  our  country,  and  deserves 
perpetual  remembrance,  no  apology  is  deemed  re- 
quisite for  giving  the  history  of  it  a  place  in  a  work 
of  this  kind;  and  the  description  would  be  imper- 
fect without  the  part  which  is  contained  in  this  les- 
jsjon,  as  it  describes  an  approach  to  the  scene  of  des- 
olation from  a  point  opposite  to  that  from  which  the 
writer  of  the  two  former  lessons  approached  it.  The 
author  too  had  a  deep  personal  interest  in  his  sub- 
ject, and  had  taken  all  the  pains  to  investigate  the 
circumstances  and  give  an  accurate  report,  which 
ardent  affection,  in  such  a  case,  would  dictate.  The 
whole  must  be  profitably  interesting  to  the  youth  of 
our  land. 

.Scarred,  marked  with  wounds.  Is  the  expression  fig- 
urative ? 

Region.  What  place  is  meant  ?  How  did  its  appear- 
ance agree  with  the  state  of  mind  just  described  ? 

Cheerless,  without  gaiety,  or  comfort,  melancholy. 
From  what  derived  ? 

Dreadful  night.     To  what  night  is  allusion  made  ? 

Peals,  loud  sounds  succeeding  each  other. 
.Remembrancers,  persons  or  things  that  remind,  pre- 
serve the  memory  of.     The  writer  from  his  habita- 
tion had  a  full  view  of  the  White  Mountains. 
Crawford'*,       Not  the  Crawford  mentioned  before 
13 


146  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

still  hidden   from  sight  by  an  intervening  ascent, — we 
met  the  first  great  slip  which  had  crossed  our  path  on 
level  ground,  and  in  some  places  actually  ascending  50 
or  60,  and  I  know  not  but  a  hundred  rods, — so  great 
was  the  force  with  which  it  had  been  propelled  from  the 
base  of  the  mountain.     After  passing  this,  which  con- 
sisted of  large  rocks,  trees  and  sand,  and  which  was 
impassable  except  by  footmen,  and  reaching  the  eleva- 
tion just  mentioned,  we  came  in  full  view  of  the  Notch 
house,  and  all  the  ruins  which  surround  it.     On  our 
right  stood  in  lengthened  prospect  the  precipitous  moun- 
tains, which  had  been  scored  and  riven  by  the  fires  and 
tempests  of  many  succeeding  years.     On  our  left  and 
in  front  stood  those,  which  though  once  covered  with  a 
wood  of  pleasant  green,  now  presented  their_  sides  lacer- 
ated and  torn  by  the  convulsions  of  the  recent  storm. 
The  plain  before  us  appeared  one  continued  bed  of  sand 
and  rocks,  with  here  and  there  the  branches  of  green 
trees,  and  their  peeled  and  shivered  trunks,  with  old 
logs,  which  from  their  appearance  must  lo,ng  have  been 
buried  beneath  the  mountain  soil.     With  these  the  mea- 
dow, that  stretches  along  before  the  Notch  house,   was 
covered — and  so  deep  that  none  of  the  long  grass,  nor 
even  the  alders  that  grew  there,  are  to  be  seen.  Moving 
on  from  this  site,   we  came  upon  the  next   large  slip, 
which  continued  till  it  met  that  of  another,  which  came 
down  below  the  Notch  house,    and  within  a  rod   of  it. 
Thus  far   it  was  one  continued  heap  of  ruins ;  and  be- 
yond the  house  the  slips  continued  many  rods.  The  one 
back  of  the  house  started  in  a  direction,  in  which  it  must 
have  torn  it  away,  had  it  not  been  arrested  by  a  ridge  of 
land  extending  back  from  the  house  to  a  more  precipit- 
ous  part  of  the  mountain.     Descending  to  the  point  of 
this  ridge,  the  slip  divided,  and  sought  the  vallies  which 
lie  at  the  base ;  one  part  carrying  away  in  its  course  the 
stable  above  the  house,   and  the  other  passing  immedi- 
ately below  it,  leaving  the  house  itself  uninjured.     It  is 
this  part,  which  is  generally  supposed  to  have  carried 
away  my  brother  and  his  family.     It  is  judged  from  ap- 
pej*rances,  to  be  the  last  that  came  down.  It  is  the  com- 
mon, and  a  very  probable  conjecture,  that  the  family  de- 
signed, at  first,  to  keep  the  house,  and  did  actually  re- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  147 

There  were  two,  the  elder,  and  the  younger,  who 
lived  in  opposite  directions  from  the  "  Notch." — 
Between  this  paragraph  and  the  former  there  was, 
in  the  original  letter,  a  particular  and  minute  de- 
scription of  the  objects  that  presented  themselves  on 
approaching  the  mountains  from  Conway,  no  com- 
petent idea  of  which,  the  writer  remarks,  could  be 
conveyed  by  the  most  accurate  and  definite  language. 
"  One  broad  look  is  worth  a  thousand  descriptions. 
The  mountains'  sides  indicate  the  desolating  tem- 
pest which  has  but  recently 'spent  its  force  upon  their 
summits— torn  by  avalanches  of  different  sizes,  suc- 
ceeding each  other  in  quick  succession,  and  plough- 
ing long  and  deep  grooves  down  their  lengthened 
declivities.  One  came  down  to  the  N.  E.  of  Craw- 
ford's house,  filled  up  the  channel  of  the  stream,  and 
turned  the  current  in  a  new  direction,  so  that  it  ran 
into  the  house  and  filled  the  lower  rooms  with  wa- 
ter to  the  depth  of  several  feet. 

Opening,  breach,  aperture,  cleared  spot  within  a  forest. 

Intervening,  coming  between. 

.Ascent,  as-sent7,  rise,  act  of  rising,  eminence. 

Propelled,  driven  forvrard. 

.Impassable,  impervious,  not  admitting  passage. 

Elevation.     What  word,  a  few  lines  before,  was  used 
to  express  the  same  thing  ? 

Notch  house.     Who   had  occupied  it  ?    Why  this  ap- 
pellation ? 

-Precipitous,  steep,  headlong,  sudden,  rash. 

Scored,  marked,  notched,  having  incisions. 

Riven,  split,  cleft  asunder,  divided. 

Left.  What  point  of  compass  would  the  left  hand  be  ? 

•Lacerated,  rent,  torn. 

Peeled,  stripped  of  bark  or  skin. 

Shivered,  shattered,  broken  to  shivers,  split  into  shiver, 
or  splinters. 

Trunks,  bodies  without  their  limbs,  chests  for  clothes, 
probosces  of  elephants. 

Slips,  the  masses   which  slid   or  slipped  down  from 
the  mountain. 

Met  that  of  another.     Do  you  get  a  definite  idea  of 
the  appearances  from  this  part  of  the  description  ? 

Sought,  aimed  at,  went  to  find,  t»ok  the  direction  of. 


148  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

main  in  it,  till  after  the  descent  of  most  of  the  slips.  From 
the  commencement  of  the  storm  in  its  greatest  fury, 
they  were  probably  on  the  alert,  though  previously  to 
this  some  of  them  might  have  retired  to  rest;  that  the 
children  had,  was  pretty  evident  from  appearances  in 
the-  house,  when  first  entered  after  the  disaster.  My 
brother,  it  is  pretty  certain,  had  not  undressed  ;  he  stood 
watching  the  movements  and  vicissitudes  of  the  awfully 
anxious  season.  When  the  storm  had  increased  to  such 
violence,  as  to  threaten  their  safety,  and  descending  av- 
alanches seemed  to  be  sounding  "  the  world's  last  knell/* 
he  roused  his  family,  and  prepared  them,  as  he  could, 
for  a  speedy  flight,  trembling  every  moment,  lest  they 
should  be  buried  under  the  ruins  of  their  falling  habita- 
tion. At  this  hurried,  agitating  moment  of  awful  sus- 
pense, the  slide  which  parted  back  of  the  house  is  sup- 
posed to  have  come  down,  a  part  of  which  struck,  and 
carried  away  the  stable.  Hearing  the  crash,  they  in- 
stantly and  precipitately  rushed  from  their  dwelling,  and 
attempted  to  flee  in  the  opposite  direction  ;  but  the  thick 
darkness  concealing  all  objects  from  their  sight,  they 
were  almost  instantly  ingulfed  in  the  desolating  torrent 
which  passed  below  the  house  ;  and  which  precipitated 
them,  together  with  rocks  and  trees,  into  the  swollen 
and  frantic  tide  below,  and  cut  off  at  once  all  hope  oj 
escape.  Amidst  the  rage  and  foam  of  so  much  water,, 
tilled  as  it  was  with  so  many  instruments  of  death,  they 
had  no  alternative,  but  to  meet  the  doom  which  was 
their  appointed  allotment. 

Such  were,  probably,  the  circumstances ;  but  as  there 
are  no  survivers  to  tell  the  horrors  of  that  awful  night,, 
we  shall  never  know  them  with  certainty,  till  the  rec- 
ords of  eternity  disclose  them.  We  know  the  family  per- 
ished, and  we  know  the  circumstances  of  their  death 
must  have  been  distressing  beyond  description.  Bring 
them,  for  a  moment,  before  your  imao-isnition.  The  ava- 
lanche, which  only  two  months  before  had  nearly  caus- 
ed their  instantaneous  death,  if  it  had  not  induced  tim- 
idity, must  have  greatly  increased  their  sensibility  to, 
danger,  and  filled  them  with  ominous  forebodings,  when 
this  new  war  of  elements  began.  Add  to  this  the  "  hor- 
ror of  thick  darkness,"  which  surrounded  their  dwell- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  149 

-Base,  bottom,  foundation,  the  pedestal  of  a  statue, 
mean,  low,  without  value. 

Spell  course,  carrying  away  in  its  course  : — coarse,  he 
was  coarse  in  his  manners,  they  lived  on  coarse  fare. 

Judged,  thought,  concluded,  believed. 
-Conjecture,   guess,   imperfect  knowledge,    probable 
opinion. 

Spell  descent,  actually,  family. 

On  the  alert,  wakeful,  vigilant,  looking  out,  preparing 
for. 

.Prejty,  prit'te,  in  some  degree,  neat,  elegant,  beauti- 
ful without  grandeur  or  dignity. 

.Disaster,  misfortune,  overthrow,  mischief,  calamity. 

.Vicissitudes,  changes,  succession  of  changes. 

.Threaten,  menace,  forebode  evil  to. 

.Knell,  the  sound  of  a  bell  rung  at  a  funeral.     Whence 
the  propriety  of  its  use  in  the  present  case  ? 

Flight,  escape,  act  of  removing  from  danger,  act  of 
using  wings. 

Hurried,  hastened,  precipitate. 

Suspense,  doubt,  uncertainty,  delay. 
-Stable,  dwelling  for  beasts,  fixed,  steady,  constant. 

Crash,  loud  mixed  sound,  bruise,  loud  complicated 
noise  of  many  things  falling. 

Rushed,  moved  with  tumultuous  rapidity. 

.Ingulfed,  swallowed  up. 

Desolating,  laying  waste,  depriving  of  inhabitants. 

Frantic,   outrageous,  turbulent,   deprived    of   under- 
standing. 

Alternative,  choice  of  two   things,  so  that  if  one    be 
rejected  the  other  must  be  taken. 

Allotment,  part,  share,  portion  assigned. 

Horrors,  awful  sensations,  terrific  events. 

Records   of  eternity.     What  are  these  1     Hare   w# 
good  authority  for  such  language. 

Disclose,  open,  reveal,  unfold,  make  known. 

Before  your  imagination.     How  could  this  be  done  ? 

Instantaneous,  done  in  an  instant. 

.Ominous,  inauspicious,  exhibiting  bad  tokens. 

War  of  elements.     Whence  the  propriety  of  the  ex-r 
pression  ?  Is  it  more  or  less  forcible  than  a  differ- 
ent mode  of  speech  ? 
13* 


150  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

ing — the  tempest  raging  with  unbridled  violence — tfar 
bursting  thunder,  peal  answering  to  peal,  and  echoing 
from  hill  to  hill — the  piercing  lightning,  whose  momen- 
tary flashes  only  rendered  the  darkness  and  their  dan- 
ger the  more  painfully  visible — huge  masses  of  the 
mountain  tumbling  from  their  awful  height  with  accu- 
mulating and  crashing  ruins  into  the  abyss  below — their 
habitation  shaken  to  its  foundation  by  the?e  concussions 
of  nature  ; — with  all  these  circumstances  of  terror  con- 
spiring, what  consternation  must  have  filled  the  soul ! — 
And  then,  the  critical  instant,  when  the  crashing  of  the 
stable  by  the  resistless  mass,  warned  them  to  flee — who 
can  enter  into  their  feelings  at  this  moment  of  wild  up- 
roar and  confusion !  Snatching  what  of  clothing  they 
could,  as  a  slight  defence  from  the  "  pitiless  storm," 
children  shrieking  through  fear — parental  love  consult- 
ing for  their  safety  at  the  risk  of  their  own — all  rushing 
instantaneously  from  the  house,  as  the  last  resort,  and, 
alas  !  instead  of  finding  safety  abroad,  plunging  injo  the 
jaws  of  instant  death  ! 

But  O,  how  feeble  are  our  conceptions,  compared 
with  the  reality!  It  is  impossible  for  us  to  know  what 
they  endured — they  cannot  return  to  teil  us  the  story  of 
their  sufferings.  They  are  gone.  Their  spirits  fled  away 
hastily,  as  on  the  wings  of  the  wind,  from  one  of  the 
most  dreary  spots  on  earth,  and  rendered  doubly  so  by 
the  circumstances  above  narrated.  Relatives  and  friend* 
have  one  consolation — the  privilege  of  hoping,  that* 
from  the  temper  and  conduct  they  exhibited,  they  have 
departed  from  the  turmoil  and  dangers  of  earth,  to  the 
peace  and  security  of  heaven.  But  it  is  not  my  object 
to  speak  their  eulogy,  or  decide  on  their  condition.  I 
leave  them  in  the  hands  of  God,  into  whose  presence 
they  have  sped.  Meanwhile,  survivors  have  a  lesson  to 
learn  from  the  mournful  event.  From  their  graves 
should  arise  so  many  mementos  of  our  own  mortality 
Their  sudden  overthrow  on  that  fearful  night,  present* 
to  us,  perhaps,  one  of  the  liveliest  images  of  the  judg- 
ment scene.  Our  minds  should  be  deeply  impressed 
with  that  inspired  exhortation,  to  which  this  affliction 
gives  a  most  affecting  emphasis  :  "  Be  ye,  therefore, 
ready,  also ;  for  the  Son  of  man  cometh  at  an  hour 
when  ye  think  not.'1 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  151 

.Unbridled,  unrestrained,  licentious. 

Bursting  thunder.  Why  thus  characterised  ?  Why 
is  the  lightning  called  piercing? 

Momentary  flashes.     What  are  they  ? 

Painfully  visible.     How  does  this  appear? 

Huge,  vast,  immense,  enormous. 

Accumulating  and  crashing  ruins,  the  ruins  increas- 
ed as  they  descended. 

.Concussions,  shakings,  agitations,  tremblings,  quak- 
ings. 

Conspiring,  coming  together,  agreeing  together. 

Consternation,  astonishment,  amazement,  terror, 
dread. 

Critical  instant,  the  instant  which  was  to  determine 
their  fate. 

Snatching,  seizing  hastily. 

Pitiless,  merciless,  without  compassion.  Whence  its 
application  to  storm  ? 

Risk,  hazard,  danger. 

Jaws,  bones  of  the  mouth  in  which  the  teeth  are  fixed. 
Whence  the  propriety  of  its  use  here  ? 

Conceptions,  ideas,  sentiments,  apprehensions,  imag- 
inations. 

Reality,  truth,  the  facts  as  they  actually  were. 

Hastily,  as  on  the  wings  of  the  wind  1     Why  so  ? 

Dreary,  dre'  re,  gloomy,  dismal,  distressful. 

Doubly  so.  Will  this  apply  to  the  relatives  only,  or 
in  a  degree  to  all  ?  On  what  principle  ? 

Privilege,  right,  immunity. 

.Turmoil,  disturbance,  trouble,  uneasiness. 

.Eulogy,  praise,  encomium. 

Sped,  hasted  away. 

Meanwhile,  in  the  meantime. 

.Mementos,  monitory  notices,  hints  to  awaken  the 
memory. 

.Images,  representations,  likenesses. 

Judgment  scene.  What  have  the  scriptures  taught 
us  respecting  this  ? 

Inspired,  given  by  inspiration,  animated  by  supernat- 
ural infusion. 

Emphasis,  force,  weight,  impressiveness. 

Where  is  this  exhortation  to  be  found  ? 


1-5B  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

LESSON  XXXI. 

The  Cottage  of  the  Hills.— ANON. 

How  sweetly  'neath  the  pale  moonlight, 

That  slumbers  on  the  woodland  height, 

Yon  little  cot  appears ; — just  seen 

Amid  the  twining'  evergreen, 

That  fondly  clings  around  its  form. 

Poor  trembler,  I  have  seen  like  thee, 

Fond  woman  in  her  constancy, 

E'en  when  the  stormiest  hour  came  on, 

Cling  closer  to  the  much  loved  one, 

Nor  dream,  till  every  tie  was  parted, 

That  ail  within  was  hollow-hearted. 

Yon  little  cot  looks  wondrous  fair, 

And  yet  no  taper-light  is  there  ! 

Say,  whither  are  its  dwellers  gone  1 

Bird  of  the  mountain,  thou  alone 

Saw  by  the  lightning  from  on  high, 

The  mountain-torrent  rushing  by  ; 

Beheld,  upon  its  wild  wave  borne, 

The  tall  pine  from  the  hill  top  torn. 

Amid  its  roar,  thine  ear  alone 

Heard  the  wild  shriek — the  dying  groan, — 

The  prayer  that  struggled  to  be  free — 

Breathed  forth  in  life's  last  agony  ! 

Jn  vain — no  angel  form  was  there, 

The  wild  wave  drowned  the  sufferer's  prayer. 

As  down  the  rocky  glen  they  sped, 

The  mountain  spirits  shriek'd  and  fled  ! 

'Twas  morning; — and  the  glorious  sun 

Shone  on  the  work,  which  death  had  done — 

On  shattered  cliff,  and  broken  branch, 

The  ruin  of  the  Avalanche  ! 

And  there  lay  one,  upon  whose  brow, 

Age  had  not  shed  its  wintry  snow  ; 

The  fragment  in  whose  clenched  hand,  told 

How  firm  on  life  had  been  his  hold, 

While  the  curled  lip — the  upturned  eye, 

Told  ofajather's  agony  ! 

And  there  beside  the  torrent's  path, 


ANALYTICAL  READER. 

'Neath,  poetically,  for  beneath. 

Slumbers.     How  is  moon-light  here  represented  ? 

Woodland,  land  covered  with  woods. 

Cot,  poetically  lor  cottage. 

Twining,  uniting,  twisting  together. 

Trembler.     What  figure  is  here  u.«ed '! 

Constancy,  perpetuity,  unalterable  continuance. 

Stormiest,  most  stormy  and  tempestuous,  from  storm. 

Loved  one.     Who  is  meant  by  this  expression  ? 

-Tie,  bond  of  union,  knot,  affection. 

Hollow-hearted,  false,  deceitful,  hypocritical. 

-Looks,  seems,  appears,  sees,  aspect,  countenance. 

Taper,  candle,  lamp,  feeble  light. 

Say.  To  whom  is  this  address  ? 

Bird.  Why  speak  to  this  bird  1 

By  the  lightning.     How  did  this  assist  in  seeing  1 

Mountain-torrent,  torrent  raging  down  the  moun- 
tain. 

Wild  wave,  boisterous  wave. 

Torn,  pulled  up,  rent  away. 

.Shrill,  clear,  piercing  sound. 

.Shriek,  cry  of  sudden  danger,  wail. 

Last  agony,  last  struggle  before  death. 

In  vain.     What  was  in  vain  ? 

Angel  form,  deliverance,  poetical  figure. 

Drowned,  overpowered,  prevented  its  being  heard. 

Glen,  valley,  dale. 

Mountain  spirits,  poetic  personages  hping  no  real 
existence.  The  expression  is  of  pagan  origin. 

Glorious.  What  does  this  denote  when  applied  to  the* 
sun  ? 

Work.     How  is  death  here  represented  1 

Shattered  cliff,  broken  rocks. 

,Ruin,  destruction,  remains,  fragments,  destroy. 

Age.     How  made  to  appear  ? 

Wintry  snow.  What  can  this  mean  applied  to  a  per^- 
son  ? 

Clenched,  fastened,  united,  closed. 

Fragment.     How  did  this  indicate  strong  health  ? 

Curled,  twisted,  withered. 

Upturned  eye,  a  look  of  agony. 

Torrent's  path.  Does  this  personify  the  torrent  ? 


154  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Too  pure,  too  sacred  for  its  wrath, 
Lay  one,  whose  arms  still  closely  pressed 
An  infant  to  her  frozen  breast. 
The  kiss,  upon  its  pale  cheek  sealed, 
A  mother'' s  quenchless  love  revealed. 
Sire,  mother,  offspring — all  were  there, 
Not  one  had  'scaped  the  conqueror's  snare, 
Not  one  was  left  to  weep  alone  ; 
The  "dwellers  of  the  hill"  were  gone  ! 
The  wild  bird  soaring  far  on  high, 
Beheld  them  with  averted  eye, 
The  forest  prowler,  as  he  pass'd, 
Looked  down  upon  the  rich  repast, 
But  dared  not  banquet.     'Twas  a  spell, 
Which  bound  them  in  that  lonely  dell, 
And  there  they  slept  so  peacefully, 
That  the  lone  pilgrim  passing  by, 
Had  deemed  them  of  a  brighter  sphere, 
Condemned  awhile  to  linger  here, 
Whose  pure  eyes  sickening  at  the  sight 
Of  sin  and  sorrow's  withering  blight, 
Had  sought  in  tears  that  silent  glen, 
And  slumbered — ne'er  to  wake  again. 

And  there  they  found  them — stronger  hand* 
Bore  them  to  where  yon  cottage  stands, 
And  there  one  summer  evening's  close, 
They  left  them  to  their  last  repose. 
Such  the  brief  page  thy  story  fills, 
Thou  lonely  "  cottage  of  the  hills." 
E'en  while  I  gaze,  night's  gloomy  shade, 
Is  gathering,  as  the  moon-beams  fade. 
Around  thy  walk  they  faintly  play, — 
They  tremble — gleam — then  flit  away  : — 
They  fade — they  vanish  down  the  dell, 
Lone  "  cottage  of  the  hills" — farewell! 


LESSON  XXXII. 

Anger  inconsistent  with  a  Spirit  of  Prayer.^— TAYLOR . 

Prayer  is  an  action,  and  state  of  intercourse,  and  tie- 
sire  exactly  contrary  to  the  character  of  anger.    Prayer 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  155 

Wrath,  vengeance,  anger. 

Sacred,  consecrated,  inviolable. 

Frozen.     What  does  the  word  intend  ? 

Sealed,  imprinted,  enclosed,  fixed. 

Quenchless,   lasting,  ever-burning.     From  what  de- 
rived ? 

Sire,  father,  progenitor. 

.Conqueror's.     Who  was  the  conqueror  1 

'Scaped.     What  is  the  use  of  the  apostrophe  here  1 
Why  is  the  word  contracted  1 

Dwellers  of  the  hill.     Who  were  these  ? 

Averted,  turned  away.     Why  was  the  eye  averted  ? 

.Prowler,  beast  roving  about  for  prey. 

Repast,   refreshment,   dinner.     "  Repast"  does  not 
make  good  rhyme  with  "  passed :"  why  not  1 

Banquet,  make  a  feast,  eat. 

Dared  not.     Why  did  he  not  dare  to  do  it  ? 

Spell,  chain,  magical  influence,  invisible  power. 

Dell,  valley,  pit,  poetical  word. 

.Sphere,  orb,  world,  planet. 

Condemned,  sentenced,  doomed. 

Blight,  mildew,  any  thing  blasting. 

.Withering,  causing  to  wither,  deadening. 

Slumbered.     What  is  often  called  sleep,  or  slumber  ? 

Ne'er,  never,  contracted  in  poetry.  Why  contracted  ? 

Stranger  hands,  hands  of  strangers. 

-Bore,  conveyed,  carried,  endured. 
-Close,  conclusion,  end. 

Last  repose.     What  is  this  1 

Brief,  short,  transient. 

Cottage.     Explain  the  figure  here  used,  and  tell  me 
in  what  writing  it  is  most  frequent.    , 

Gathering,  collecting,  thickening. 

Faintly,  feebly,  dimly,  from  faint. 

Gleam,  shine  for  a  moment. 

Flit,  fly  away. 

What  time  of  the  day  is  represented  in  this  piece  ? 

What  is  anger?  Give  an  example. 

Intercourse,  fellowship,  communion,  acquaintance. 

Desire,  longing,  earnest  expectation. 


150  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

is  an  action  of  likeness  to  the  Holy  Ghost,  the  spirit  of 
gentleness,  and  dove-like  simplicity.  Prayer  is  an  imi- 
tation of  the  holy  Jesus,  whose  spirit  is  meek  up  to  the 
greatness  of  the  most  eminent  example;  and  a  con- 
formity to  God,  whose  anger  is  always  just  and  marches 
slowly,  and  is  without  transportation,  and  often  hinder- 
ed, and  never  hasty,  and  is  full  of  mercy. '  Prayer  is  the 
peace  of  our  spirit,  the  stillness  of  our  thoughts,  the  seat 
of  meditation,  the  rest  of  our  cares,  and  the  calm  of  our 
tempest.  Prayer  is  the  issue  of  a  quiet  mind,  of  un- 
troubled thoughts,  it  is  the  daughter  of  charity,  and  the 
sister  of  meekness ;  and  he  that  'prays  to  God  with 
an  angry  spirit,  that  is  with  a  troubled  and  discomposed 
spirit,  is  like  him,  that  retires  into  a  battle  to  meditate, 
and  sets  up  his  closet  in  the  out-quarters  of  an  army,  and 
chooses  a  frontier  garrison  to  be  wise  in.  Anger  is  a 
perfect  alienation  of  the  mind  from  prayer,  and  there- 
fore is  contrary  to  that  attention,  which  presents  our 
prayer  in  a  right  time  to  God.  For  so  have  I  seen  a 
lark  rising  from  his  bed  of  grass,  and  soaring  upwards, 
singing  as  he  rises,  and  hopes  to  get  to  heaven  and 
climb  above  the  clouds ;  but  the  poor  bird  was  beaten 
back  with  the  loud  sighings  of  an  eastern  wind,  and  his 
motion  made  irregular  and  inconstant,  descending  more 
at  every  breath  of  the  tempest,  than  it  could  recover  by 
the  libration  and  frequent  weighing  of  his  wings;  till 
the  little  creature  was  forced  to  sit  down  and  pant,  and 
stay  till  the  storm  was  over,  and  then  it  made  a  prospe- 
rous flight,  and  did  rise  and  sing,  as  if  it  had  learned 
music,  and  motion  from  an  angel,  as  he  passed  sonic- 
times  through  the  air  in  his  rninisteries  here  below.  So 
was  the  prayer  of  a  good  man,  when  his  duty  met  with 
the  infirmities  of  a  sinful  being,  and  anger  was  its  in- 
strument, and  the  instrument  became  stronger  than 
the  prime  agent  and  raised  a  tempest  and  overruled  the 
man ;  and  then  his  prayer  was  broken,  and  his  thoughts 
were  troubled,  and  his  words  went  up  towards  a  cloud, 
and  his  thoughts  pulled  them  back  again,  and  made  them 
without  intention;  and  the  good  man  sighs  for  his  infir- 
mity, but  must  be  content  to  lose  the  prayer,  and  he 
must  recover  it  when  his  anger  is  removed,  and  hie 
spirit  is  becalmed,  madft  even  like  the  brow  of  Tesu* 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  157 

Likeness,  resemblance,  similitude. 

Why  is  the  Holy   Spirit  compared  to  a  dove  ?  Matt. 

III.  16. 

Meek,  humble,  gentle,  kind,  not  overbearing. 
Marches,  goes  forth.  Whence  the  allusion  1 
-Transportation,  carrying  over,  sudden  excitement, 

same  as  transport. 
Hindered,  stayed  by  his  mercy,  or  the   repentance  of 

men. 

-Spirit,  soul,  mind,  air,  not  corporeal,  immaterial  being. 
Tempest,  storm.    Why  is  anger  compared  to  a  storm  ? 
.Issue,  product,  effect,  result. 
Daughter  of  chanty.     Is  this  figurative  or  literal  ?  Is 

it  not  a  striking  image  ?  Why  ? 
Out-quarters,  out-posts,  frontier  parts. 
-Garrison,  guard  of  men  in  a  fort,  fort  itself. 
.Alienation,  estrangement,  hostility. 
-Right  line,  straight  direction,  proper  manner,  directly. 
Lark,  bird  which  rises  early  in  the  morning,  a  bird 

which  soars  high. 
-Heaven,  sky,  atmosphere,  blue   vault ;    residence  of 

happy  spirits. 

Clouds,  klouds.     Of  what  are  clouds  composed  ? 
.Sighings,  moanings,  gusts.  Why  is  a  wind  said  to  sigh? 
Motion,  movement,  impulse,  soaring. 
Breath  of  the  tempest,  stormy  wind.  Wrhence  the  im- 

_age  ? 

Libration,  balancing,  state  of  being  balanced. 
.- Weighing,   examining  by  a  balance  or  scales,   bal- 
ancing. 

Prosperous,  successful,  happy,  lucky,  fortunate. 
Angel,  messenger,  order  of  spiritual  beings. 
Ministeries,  services,  waiting,  Heb.  i.  14. 
rBelow,  under  ground,  in  this  world,  beneath. 
Is  the  preceding  passage  a  beautiful  one  ?     Why  ? 
Does  its  beauty  arise  more  from  its  aptness,  than  it« 

elegant  style  ? 

Infirmities,  weaknesses,  sins,  sufferings,  guilt. 
Prime,  principal,  first,  primary,  chief,  first  rate. 
-Overruled,  prevented,  set  aside,  governed. 
Intention,  aim,  object,  meaning,  purpose. 

s,  groans,  laments,  is  in  bitterness,  grieves. 
14 


158  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

and  smooth  like  the  face  of  heaven.  Then  his  prayer 
ascends  to  heaven  upon  the  wings  of  the  Holy  Dove,  and 
dwells  with  God,  till  it  returns  like  the  useful  bee,  loadeu 
with  a  blessing  and  the  dew  of  heaven. 


LESSON  XXXIII. 

On  the.  Waste  of  Life. — FRANKLIN. 

Amergus  was  a  gentleman  of  good  estate ;  he  was 
bred  to  no  business,  and  could  not  contrive  how  to 
waste  his  hours  agreeably ;  he  had  no  relish  for  any  of 
the  proper  works  of  life,  nor  any  taste  for  the  improve- 
ments of  the  mind  ;  he  spent  generally  ten  hours  of  the 
four-and-twenty  in  bed  ;  he  dozed  away  two  or  three 
more  on  his  couch  ;  and  as  many  were  dissolved  in  good 
liquor  every  evening,  if  he  met  with  company  of  his  own 
humor.  Thus  he  made  a  shift  to  wear  off  ten  years  of 
his  life  since  the  paternal  estate  fell  into  his  hands. 

One  evening  as  he  was  musing  alone,  his  thoughts 
happened  to  take  a  most  unusual  turn,  for  they  cast  a 
glance  backward,  and  he  began  to  reflect  on  his  manner 
of  life.  He  bethought  himself  what  a  number  of  living 
beings,  had  been  sacrificed  to  support  his  carcase,  and 
how  much  corn  and  wine  had  been  mingled  with  these 
offerings  ;  and  he  set  himself  to  compute  what  he  had 
devoured  since  he  came  to  the  age  of  man.  "  About  a 
dozen  feathered  creatures,  small  and  great,  have,  one 
week  with  another,"  said  he,  "  given  up  their  lives  to 
prolong  mine,  which,  in  ten  years,  amounts  to  at  least 
six  thousand.  Fifty  sheep  have  been  sacrificed  in  a  year, 
with  half  a  hecatomb  of  black  cattle,  tbat  I  might  have 
the  choicest  parts  offered  weekly  upon  my  table.  Thus 
a  thousand  beasts,  out  of  the  flock  and  the  herd,  have 
been  slain  in  ten  years'  time  to  feed  me,  besides  what 
the  forest  has  supplied  me  with.  Many  hundred  of  fish- 
es have,  in  all  their  variety,  been  robbed  of  life  for  my 
repast,  and  of  the  smaller  fry  some  thousands.  A  meas- 
ure of  corn  would  hardly  suffice  me  flour  enough  for  a 
month's  provision,  and  this  arises  to  above  six  score 
bushels ;  and  many  hogsheads  of  wine  and  other  liqu- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  159 

Lose  the  prayer,  lose  the  influence  of  the  prayer. 

Becalmed,  stilled,  made  easy. 

Brow,  brou,  forehead. 

Smooth,  tranquil,  unruffled,  gentle. 

Holy  Dove.     What  is  the  reference  ?     Why  called 
dove? 

Bee.     What  are  the  characteristics  of  a  bee  ? 
-Dew  of  heaven,  moisture  from  the  air,  blessings  from 
God. 

Amergus,  latin  term  signifying  spendthrift. 
-Estate,  property,  family,  connections. 

Bred  to,  instructed  in,  taught,  educated,  trained  to. 

Proper,  appropriate,  suitable,  what  ought  to  be  per- 
formed. 

-Taste,  inclination,  disposition,  sense  ot  tasting,  fac- 
ulty, relish. 

Improvements,  acquisitions,  acquirements. 
.-Liquor,  any  thing  liquid,  strong  drink,  distilled  liquor. 

-Humor,  yu'mur,   moisture,  temper  of  mind,  whim, 
merriment. 

Made  a  shift,  found  means,  made  out. 

Wear  off,  lose,  waste  away,  a  colloquial  expression. 

Paternal,  father's,  inherited  from  his  father. 

Glance  backward.  What  is  this  state  of  mind  called  ? 

Sacrificed,  slain,  offered  up  in  sacrifice. 

Carcase,  body,  life  ;  the  word  is  wanting  in  dignity. 

Set  himself,  began,  undertook,  went  about. 

Compute,  calculate,  reckon,  add  up. 

Devoured,  eaten,  voraciously  swallowed. 

Feathered,  winged,  furnished  with  feathers. 

-Creatures,  kre'tshtire,  animal,  any  thing  created,  liv- 
ing being. 

Hecatomb,  hek'a  toom,  offering  of  a  hundred  cattle. 

Choicest,  selectest,  most  precious. 

Thousand,  ^ou'zand. 

What  are  the  evils  of  luxury,  bodily  and  mental  ? 

Forest,  wood.     What  food  does  the  forest  furnish  ? 

Repast,  refreshment,  sustentation,  luxurious   enter- 
tainment. 

-Fr^,  young  fishes,  spawn  of  fishes,  multitude,  com- 
pany. 

"Score,  account,  reckoning,  notch,  twenty. 


160  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

ors  have  passed  through  this  body  of  mine — this  wretch- 
ed strainer  of  meat  and  drink  !  And  what  have  I  done 
all  this  time  for  God  and  man  7  What  a  vast  profusion 
of  good  things  upon  a  useless  life  and  worthless  liver ! 
There  is  not  the  meanest  creature  among  all  which  I 
have  devoured,  but  hath  answered  the  end  of  its  crea- 
tion better  than  I.  It  was  made  to  support  human  na- 
ture, and  it  has  done  so.  Every  crab  and  oysler  I  have 
eaten,  and  every  grain  of  corn  I  have  devoured,  hath  fill- 
ed up  its  place  in  the  rank  of  beings  with  more  propri- 
ety and  honor  than  I  have  done.  Oh,  shameful  waste 
of  life  and  time!" 

In  short,  he  carried  on  his  moral  reflections  with  so 
just  and  severe  a  force  of  reason,  as  constrained  him  to 
change  his  whole  course  of  life ;  to  break  off  his  follies 
at  once,  and  apply  himself  to  gain  some  useful  knowl- 
edge, when  he  was  more  than  thirty  years  of  age.  He 
lived  many  following  years  with  the  character  of  a  wor- 
thy man  and  an  excellent  Christian ;  he  died  with  a 
peaceful  conscience,  and  the  tears  of  his  country  were 
dropped  upon  his  tomb. 

The  world,  that  knew  the  whole  series  of  his  life,  were 
amazed  at  the  mighty  change.  They  beheld  him  as  a 
wonder  of  reformation,  while  he  himself  confessed  and 
adored  the  Divine  power  and  mercy  which  had  trans- 
formed him  from  a  brute  to  a  man.  But  this  was  a  sin- 
gle instance,  and  we  may  almost  venture  to  write  mira- 
cle upon  it.  Are  there  not  numbers,  in  this  degenerate 
age,  whose  lives  thus  run  to  utter  waste,  without  the 
least  tendency  to  usefulness  ? 


LESSON  XXXIV. 
The  Moon  and  Stars  :  A  Fable.—  MONTGOMERY. 

On  the  fourth  day  of  creation,  when  the  sun,  after  a 
glorious,  but  solitary  course,  went  down  in  the  evening, 
and  darkness  began  to  gather  over  the  face  of  the  unin- 
habited globe  already  arrayed  in  the  exuberance  of  veg- 
etation, and  prepared  by  the  diversity  of  land  and  water 
for  the  abode  of  uncreated  animals  and  man, — a  star — 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  161 

.Hogsheads,   measures  of  liquids  containing  60  gal- 
lons. 

Strainer,  an  instrument  of  filtration. 

Profusion,  abundance,  prodigality,  lavishness. 

-Liver,  one  who  lives,  one  of  the  entrails. 

Meanest,  most  diminutive,  cheapest. 

Devoured,  swallowed,  consumed,  eaten. 

find,  design,  purpose,  extremity  of  any  material  ex- 
tent. 

Crab  and  oyster.    In  what  waters  are  they  caught  1 

Rank,  gradation,  scale,  assign  a  station. 

.Propriety,  proper  conduct,  what  is  exactly  fit. 

Shameful  waste,  because  the  waste  brought  shame  on 
Arnergus. 

Moral,  serious,  pious,  religious. 

Constrained,  forced,  compelled. 

-Apply,  betake,   petition,  make  application. 

.Knowledge,  from  know. 

.Follies,  eccentricities,  waywardness. 

Excellent,  from  excel,  eminent, 

.Conscience,  faculty  by  which  we  judge  of  our  own 
actions. 

Country.     To  what  is  his  country  likened  ? 

Series,  course,  proportionate  numbers* 

Amazed,  perplexed,  confused,  filled  with  wonder. 

Reformation,  act  of  being  made  better,  conversion. 

.Confessed,  acknowledged,  owned. 

Transformed,  changed,  converted  ;  from  form. 

.Miracle,  mer'a-kl,  something  above  human  power. 

.Degenerated,  grown  worse,  deteriorated,  worse  than 
the  former. 

Tendency,  direction  towards  any  object ;  from  tend. 

What  is  a  fable  ?     What  is  an  allegory  ?     See  App. 

In  how  many  days  was  the  world  created  ? 

How  many  years  since  the  creation  of  the  world  ? 

What  was  created  on  the   fourth  day  of  creation? 
Gen.  i. 

Uninhabited.     What  is  the  derivation  of  this  word  ? 

-Globe,   round  body,  world,  artificial  ball  represent- 
ing the  world. 
.Exuberance,  fertility,  abundance,  luxuriant  vegetation. 

Diversity,  variety,  interchanges. 
14* 


162  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

a  single  star  and  beautiful,  stept  forth  in  the  firmament. 
Trembling  with  wonder  and  delight  in  new  found  exis- 
tence, she  looked  abroad,  and  beheld  nothing  in  heav- 
en nor  on.  earth  resembling  herself.  Rut  she  was  not 
long  alone  ;  now  one,  then  another,  then  a  third,  and  a 
fourth  resplendent  companion  had  joined  her,  till  light 
after  light  stealing  through  the  gloom,  in  the  lapse  of  an 
hour,  the  whole<hemisphere  was  brilliantly  bespangled. 

The  planets  and  stars,  with  a  superb  comet  flaming 
in  the  zenith,  for  a  while  contemplated  themselves  and 
each  other ;  and  every  one  from  the  largest  to  the  least 
was  so  perfectly  well  pleased  with  himself,  that  he  im- 
agined the  rest  only  partakers  of  his  felicity, — he  being 
the  central  luminary  of  the  whole  universe,  and  all  the 
hosts  of  heaven  beside,  displayed  around  him  in  gradu- 
ated splendor.  Nor  were  any  undeceived  with  regard 
to  themselves,  though  all  saw  their  associates  in  their 
real  situations  and  relative  proportions,  self  knowledge 
being  the  last  knowledge  acquired  in  the  sky  or  below  iu 
— till,  bending  over  the  ocean  in  their  turns,  they  dis- 
covered what  they  imagined,  at  first,  to  be  a  new  heav- 
en, peopled  with  beings  of  their  own  species ;  but  when 
they  perceived  further,  that  no  sooner  had  any  of  their 
company  touched  the  horizon,  than  he  instantly  disap- 
peared, they  then  recognised  themselves  in  their  indi- 
vidual forms,  reflected  beneath,  according  to  their  pla- 
ces and  configurations  above,  from  seeing  others,  whom 
they  previously  knew,  reflected  in  like  manner. 

By  an  attentive,  but  mournful  self-exami national  that 
mirror,  they  slowly  learned  humility,  but  every  one  learn- 
ed it  only  for  himself,  none  believing  what  others  insin- 
uated respecting  their  own  inferiority,  till  they  reached 
the  western  slope,  from  whence  they  could  identify 
their  true  images  in  the  nether  element.  Nor  was  this 
very  surprising — stars  being  only  vsiible  points  without 
any  distinction  of  limbs,  each  was  all  eye,  and  though  he 
could  see  others  most  correctly,  he  could  neither  see 
himself,  nor  any  part  of  himself — till  he  came  to  reflec- 
tion !  The  comet,  however,  having  a  long  stream  of 
brightness  streaming  sunward,  could  review  that,  and 
did  with  ineffable  self-complacency  : — indeed,  after  all 
pretension  to  precedence,  he  was  at  length  acknowledg- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  163 

Stept  forth,  appeared,  shone  out,  broke  out. 

.Firmament,  ether,  sky,  heavens,  blue  concave,  blue 
expanse. 

Resplendent,  shining,  luminous,  giving  back  light. 
-Lightj  that  which  proceeds  from  the  sun  or  a  lumin- 
ous body,  star,  to  give  light,  the  medium  through 
which  we  see. 

-Lapse,  fall,  mistake,  course,  progress,  process. 

.Hemisphere,    half  the  world,  half  the  globe  ;  from 
two  Greek  words,  signifying  half,  and  globe. 

Bespangled,  adorned  with  spangles,  besprinkled  with 
shining  orbs. 

Planets,  bodies  that  revolve  round  a  central  body. 

Comet,  heavenly  body  that  revolves  at  irregular  dis- 
tances, blazing  star. 

-Zenith,  point  directly  overhead,  top,  summit. 

Central,  middle,  placed  in  the  centre. 

Hosts  of  heaven,   celestial  beings,   constellations  of 
stars,  heavenly  bodies. 

Graduated,    regularly  measured,   decreasing  in   de- 
grees. 

Relative  proportions,   magnitudes  viewed  in  relation 
to  each  other. 

What  is  the  last  knowledge  acquired  in  the  sky  or  be- 
low it  ? 

What  is  self-knowledge  ?  Why  is  it  not  easily  attain- 
ed ? 

-Species,  division,  rank,  order,  kind. 

Horizon,  ho-ri'zon,  where  the  heavens  and  earth  scent 
to  meet. 

Configurations,  shapes,  forms,  figures. 

Mirror,  reflector,,  looking  glass,  instrument  throwing 
back  rays  of  light. 

Had  each  star  to  learn  humility  for  himself?    Is  that 
the  case  with  individuals  of  the  human  race  1 

Insinuated,  hinted,  obliquely  informed. 

Identify,  recognize,  verify,  make  certain. 

-Images,  pictures,  statues,  idols,  ideas,  profiles. 

Nether,  under,  lower,  what  is  beneath. 

-Element,  rudiment,  first  principle,  water. 

Is  self-reflection  in  men  necessary  to  self-knowledge  ? 

Sunward,  towards  the  sun  ;  from  sun  and  ward, 


164  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

ed  king  of  the  hemisphere,  if  not  by  universal  assent,  by 
the  silent  envy  of  all  his  rivals.  But  the  object  which 
attracted  most  attention,  was  a  slender  thread  of  light, 
that  scarcely  could  be  discovered  through  the  blush  of 
evening,  and  vanished  soon  after  night-fall,  as  if  asham- 
ed to  appear  in  so  scanty  a  form,  like  an  unfinished  work 
of  creation.  It  was  the  moon, — the  first  new  moon; 
timidly  she  looked  round  upon  the  glittering  multitude, 
that  crowded  through  the  dark  serenity  of  space,  and 
filled  it  with  life  and  beauty.  Minute,  indeed  they  seem- 
ed to  her,  but  perfect  in  symmetry,  and  formed  to  shine 
forever;  while  she  wasunshapen,  incomplete,  and  evan- 
escent. In  her  humility,  she  was  glad  to  hide  herself 
from  their  keen  glances,  in  the  friendly  bosom  of  the 
ocean,  wishing  for  immediate  extinction. 

When  she  was  gone,  the  stars  looked  one  at  another 
with  inquisitive  surprise,  as  much  as  to  say,  u  what  a 
figure  ;"  it  was  so  evident  they  all  thought  alike,  and 
thought  contemptuously  of  the  apparition,  (though 
at  first  they  almost  doubted  whether  they  should  not  be 
frightened,)  that  they  soon  began  to  talk  freely  concern- 
ing her — of  course,  not  with  audible  accents,  but  in  the 
language  of  intelligent  sparkles,  in  which  stars  are  ac- 
customed to  converse  with  telegraphic  precision  from 
one  end  of  heaven  to  the  other, — and  which  no  dialect 
on  earth  so  nearly  resembles  as  the  language  of  the  eye, 
— the  only  one,  probably,  that  has  survived  in  its  purity 
not  only  the  confusion  of  Babel,  but  the  revolutions  of 
all  ages.  Her  crooked  form  which  they  deemed  a  vio- 
lation of  the  order  of  nature,  and  her  shyness,  equally 
unlike  the  frank  intercourse  of  stars,  were  ridiculed  and 
censured  from  pole  to  pole  ;  for  what  good  purpose 
could  such  a  monster  have  been  created,  not  the  wisest 
could  conjecture ;  yet  to  tell  the  truth,  everyone,  though 
glad  to  be  countenanced  in  the  affectation  of  scorn  by 
the  rest,  had  secret  misgivings  concerning  the  stranger, 
and  envied  the  delicate  brilliancy  of  her  light,  that  seem- 
ed but  a  fragment  of  a  sunbeam,  (they,  indeed,  knew 
nothing  of  the  sun,)  detached  from  a  long  line,  and  ex- 
quisitely bended. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  165 

Precedence,  pre-se'  dense,  priority  in  time,  place,  &c. 

superiority. 

Thread  of  light.     What  is  meant  by  this  expression  ? 
Nightfall,  close  of  the  day,  time  of  evening,  twilight. 
-Multitude,  heavenly  host,  throng,  clusters  of  stars. 
Serenity,  tranquillity,  calmness. 
Minute,  me-nute',  small,  little  :  min'  nit,  60th  part  of 

an  hour,  to   put   down   short  hints. 
.Symmetry,  regular  proportion,   exact  adaptation  of 

parts. 

.Unshapen,  misshapen,  not  shaped  regularly. 
.Evanescent,  ev-a-neV  sent,  vanishing,  imperceptible. 
Bosom,  surface,  breast,  figurative  expression,  secure 

place. 

Extinction,  annihilation,  excision. 
Spell  ocean,  immediate,  limbs,  ineffable. 
Contemptuously,  with  contempt,  insignificantly. 
Apparition,    appearance,   visibility,   vision,   spectre, 

ghost. 

Audible  accents,  in  tones  which  could  be  heard. 
Intelligent,  sensible,  what  has  meaning,  intelligible. 
-Sparkles,  sparks,  particles  of  fire,  to  emit  sparks. 
Converse,  kon'-verse,  talk,  communion:    kon-verse  , 

to  hold  intercourse  with. 

.Telegraphic,  conveying  intelligence  by  signals. 
Precision,  fidelity,  accuracy,  nicety,  exactness. 
Dialect,  language,  branch  of  language. 
What  language  has  survived  in  its  purity? 
Confusion,  disorder,  irregularity. 
Babel,  Babylon,  tower  oif  Babel ;   give  some  account 

of  it.     Gen.  xi. 

Crooked,  bended,  bent,  crescent. 
Shyness,  reservedness,  modesty,  bashfulness. 
Pole  tu   polo.     What  do   you  understand  by  this? 

See  App. 

-Conjecture,  guess,  suppose,  imagine. 
.Affectation,  vanity,  artificial  appearance,  insincerity. 
Misgivings,  doubts,  want  of  confidence  in  one's  own 

opinion. 

Envied,  coveted,  longed  for,  wish  the  possession  of. 
Sun-beam,  ray  from  the  sun,  particle  of  sun-light. 
Exquisitely,  eks7  kwe-zit-le,  perfectly,  completely, 


166  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

LESSON  XXXV. 

The  same,  continued. 

All  the  gay  company,  however,  quickly  returned  to 
the  admiration  of  themselves  and  the  inspection  of  each 
other.  What  became  of  them,  when  they  descended  in- 
to the  ocean,  they  could  not  determine  ;  some  imagined 
that  they  ceased  to  be  ;  others,  that  they  transmigrated 
into  new  forms  ;  while  a  third  party  thought  it  probable 
as  the  earth  was  evidently  convex,  that  their  departed 
friends  travelled  through  an  under-arching  sky,  and 
might  hereafter  re-ascend  from  the  opposite  quarter. — 
In  this  hypothesis,  they  were  confirmed  by  the  testimony 
of  the  stars  that  came  from  the  east,  who  unanimously 
asserted,  that  they  had  been  pre-existent  for  several 
hours  in  a  remote  region  of  the  sky,  over  continents  and 
seas,  now  invisible  to  them  ;  and  moreover,  that  when 
they  rose  here,  they  had  actually  seemed  to  set  there. 

Thus  the  first  night  passed  away.  But  when  the 
east  be^an  to  dawn,  consternation  seized  the  whole  ar- 
my of  celestials,  each  feeling  himself  fainting  into  invis- 
ibility, and  as  he  feared  into  nothingness,  while  his  neigh- 
bors were,  one  after  another,  totally  disappearing.  At 
length,  the  sun  arose  and  filled  the  heavens,  and  clothed 
the  earth  with  his  glory.  How  he  spent  that  day  belongs 
not  to  the  history  ;  but  it  is  elsewhere  recorded,  that,  for 
the  first  time  in  eternity,  the  lark  on  the  wings  of  the 
morning  sprang  up  to  salute  him,  the  eagle  at  noon 
looked  undazzled  on  his  splendor,  and  when  he  went 
down  beyond  the  deep,  Leviathan  was  sporting  amidst 
the  multitude  of  waves. 

Then  again  in  the  evening,  the  vanished  constellations 
awoke  gradually,  and  on  opening  their  eyes  were  so  re- 
joiced at  meeting  together — not  one  being  wanting  of 
last  night's  Levee — that  they  were  in  the  highest  good 
humor  with  themselves  and  one  another.  Tricked  in  all 
their  beams,  and  darting  their  lengthened  influence, 
they  exchanged  smiles  and  endearments,  and  made 
vows  of  affection  eternal  and  unchangeable ;  while  from 
this  nether  orb,  the  song  of  the  nightingale  rose  out  of 
darkness,  and  charmed  even  the  stars  in  their  courses, 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  167 

Admiration,  wonder,  the  act  of  regarding  with  won- 
der or  love. 

Descended,  went  down. 

Ceased  to  be,  no  longer  continued  to  exist,   were 
struck  out  of  existence. 

Transmigrated,  passed,  were  changed,  passed  over. 

-Forms,    appearances,  existences,   shapes,   fashions, 
bring  into  shape. 

Convex,  rising  into  a  circular  form,  like  the  outside 
of  a  globe. 

Under-arching,  opposite  of  convex,  concave  like  the 
sky. 

Re-ascend,  come  up  again,  rise  anew. 

Hypothesis,   supposition,  conjecture,  position  assert- 
ed, not  proved. 

.Unanimously,  with  one  voice,  unitedly,  with  perfect 
agreement. 

Pre-existent,  existed  before,  lived  previously. 

Continents,  large  divisions  of  land.     How  many  are 
there  ? 

Set,  go  down,  vanish  out  of  sight. 

East  began  to  dawn,  day  began  to  break. 

Consternation,  dismay,  terror,  astonishment,  amaze- 
ment. 

-Celestials,    heavenly  inhabitants,   hosts   of  heaven, 
stars. 

Nothingness,  annihilation.    What  is  the  origin  of  this 
word  ? 

Spell  neighbors,  seized,  pre-existent. 

Disappearing,  vanishing,  lost  from  the  sight. 

-Heavens,  air,  starry  sky,   firmament,   residence  of 
happy  spirits. 

-Glory,  boast,  exult,  splendor,  dazzling  brightness. 

.Recorded,  written  down,  registered,  enrolled. 

Eternity,  duration  without  end,  everlasting  existence. 

.Wings  of  the  morning,  early  in  the  morning.    See  Ps. 
cxxxix. 

-Salute,    meet,  congratulate,  greet,    salutation,   wel- 
come. 

Leviathan,  monster  of  the  deep.  See  Job  41  :  1 — 10. 

Levee,  lev'  ve,  meeting,  concourse  at  the  house  of  a 
man  of  power. 

-Tricked,  cheated,  deceived,  dressed,  adorned. 


168  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

being  the  first  sound,  except  the  roar  of  the  ocean  that 
they  had  ever  heard.  "  The  music  of  the  spheres," 
may  be  traced  to  the  rapture  of  that  hour. 

The  little  gleaming  horn  was  again  discerned,  beam- 
ing backward  over  the  western  hills.  The  companion- 
less  luminary,  they  thought — but  they  must  be  mistaken, 
it  could  riot, — and  yet  they  thought  that  it  was  so,  ap- 
peared somewhat  stronger  than  on  the  former  occasion. 
The  moon  herself,  still  only  blinking  at  the  scene  of 
magnificence,  sunk  early  beneath  the  horizon,  leaving 
the  comet  in  proud  possession  of  the  sky. 

About  midnight,  the  whole  congregation,  shining  in 
quiet  and  amiable  splendor,  as  they  glided  with  unfelt 
and  invisible  motion  through  the  pure  blue  fields  of  ether 
were  suddenly  startled  by  a  phantom  of  fire  on  the  ap- 
proach of  which,  the  comet  himself  turned  pale,  the 
planets  dwindled  into  small  specks,  and  the  greater  part 
of  the  stars  swooned  away.  Shooting  upwards,  like  an 
arrow  of  flame,  from  the  earth,  in  the  zenith  it  was 
condensed  to  a  globe,  with  scintillating  spires  diverging 
on  every  side  ;  it  paused  not  there  a  moment,  but  rush- 
ing with  accelerated  velocity  towards  the  west,  burst 
into  a  thousand  corruscations,  that  swept  themselves 
into  annihilation  before  it  could  be  said  that  they  were. 

The  blaze  of  this  meteor  was  so  refulgent,  that  pass- 
ing blindness  struck  the  constellations,  and  after  they 
were  conscious  of  its  disappearance,  it  took  many  twink- 
lings of  their  eyes  before  they  could  see  distinctly  again. 
Then  when  with  one  accord,  they  exclaimed,  "  How 
beautiful !  how  transient !"  After  gravely  moralizing 
for  a  good  while  on  its  enviable  glory,  but  unenviable 
doom,  they  were  all  reconciled  to  their  own  milder,  but 
permanent  lustre.  One  pleasant  effect  was  produced  by 
the  visit  of  the  stanger, — the  comet  hence  forward  ap- 
peared less  in  their  eyes  by  comparison  with  this  more 
gorgeous  phenomenon,  which,  though  it  came  in  an  in- 
stant, and  went  as  it  came,  never  to  return,  ceased  not 
to  shine  in  their  remembrance  night  after  night.  On  the 
third  evening,  the  moon  was  so  obviously  increased  in 
size  and  splendor :  and  stood  so  much  higher  in  the  fir- 
mament than  at  first,  though  she  still  hastened  out  of 
sight,  that  she  was  the  sole  object  of  conversation,  on 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  169 

vBenignest,  most  favorable,  auspicious,  kind,  gracious. 
Vows,  promises,  oaths,  makes  a  solemn  religious  prom- 
ise. 
Nightingale,   sweet  songster,  bird  that  sings  in  the 

night. 
In  their  courses,  in  their  revolutions,  in  their  nightly 

rounds. 

Music,  melody,  harmonic  sounds. 
Music  of  the  spheres,  songs  of  the  stars. 
Rapture,  ecstacy,  entranced  delight. 
-Horn,  limb  of  the  moon, crescent,  musical  instrument, 

defensive  weapon  of  an  ox. 

Blinking,  winking,  just  looking,  viewing  obscurely. 
Magnificence,    splendor,  gorgeousness,  glory. 
Possession,  poz-zesh'un,   ownership,  having  in  one's 

power. 

Amicable,  peaceful,  quiet,  calm. 
-Fields,  divisions  of  land,  lots  of  ground,  tracts;  spaces, 

battle  grounds. 

-Phantom,  appearance,  meteor,  ghost,  spectre. 
-Fire,  flame,  one  of  the  elements,  set  on  fire,  heat. 
Comet  himself.     What  is  personification  ? 
Swooned  away,  fainted,  lost  the  power  of  motion. 
-Shooting,  discharging  a  gun,  darting,  rapidly  moving. 
-Arrow,  small  offensive  missile,  pointed  weapon.   * 
Condensed,  brought  together,  reduced,  made  dense. 
Scintillating,      sin' til-la-ting,      sparkling,      emitting 

sparks. 

Spires,  twists,  curves,  steeples,  pyramids,  curls. 
Diverging,  tending  to  various  parts  from  one  point. 
Accelerated,  quickened,  hastened. 
Telocity,  quickness,  rapidity,  rapid  motion. 
Burst,  burst,  broke  open. 

Corruscations,  sparkles,  quick  vibrations  of  light. 
Were,  existed,  had  a  being. 
Meteor,  fiery  ball  in  the  sky,  shooting  star. 
Refulgent,  beaming  with  light,  dazzling. 
Transient,  tran'  sh-ent,  fugutive,  evanescent,  vain. 
Moralizing,  making  grave  remarks,  soberly  talking. 
Gorgeous,  splendid,  magnificent. 
Phenomenon,  strange   thing,  uncommon  spectacle, 
wonder. 
15 


170  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

both  sides  of  the  galaxy,  till  the  breeze,  that  awakerred 
newly  created  man  from  his  first  slumber  in  Paradise, 
warned  the  stars  to  retire,  and  the  sun,  with  a  pomp 
never  witnessed  in  our  degenerate  age,  ushered  in  the 
great  Sabbath  of  creation,  when,  "the  heavens  and 
earth  were  finished,  and  all  the  host  of  them."  The  fol- 
lowing night,  the  moon  took  her  station  still  higher,  and 
looked  brighter  than  before,  insomuch  that  it  was  re- 
marked of  the  lesser  stars  in  her  vicinity,  that  many  of 
them  were  paler,  and  some  no  longer  visible.  As  their 
associates  knew  not  how  to  account  for  this,  they  natu- 
rally enough  presumed  that  her  light  was  fed  by  the  ac- 
cession and  absorption  of  theirs  ;  and  the  alarm  became 
general,  that  she  would  thus  continue  to  thrive  by  con- 
suming her  neighbors,  till  she  had  incorporated  them  all 
with  herself. 

Still,  however,  she  preserved  her  humility  and  shame- 
facedness,  till  her  crescent  had  exceeded  her  first  quar- 
ter. Hitherto  she  had  only  grown  lovelier.  Cut  now 
she  became  prouder  at  every  step  of  her  preferment. 
Her  rays  too,  became  so  intolerably  dazzling,  that  fewer 
and  fewer  of  the  stars  could  endure  their  presence,  but 
shrouded  themselves  in  her  light  as  behind  a  veil  of 
darkness.  When  she  verged  to  maturity,  the  heavens 
seemed  too  small  for  her  ambition.  She  "  rose  in  cloud- 
ed majesty,"  but  the  clouds  melted  at  her  approach,  or 
spread  their  garments  in  Iver  path,  of  many  a  rich  and 
rainbow  tint. 

She  had  crossed  the  comet  in  her  course,  and  left  him 
as  wan  as  a  vapor  behind  her.  On  the  night  of  her  full- 
ness she  triumphed  gloriously  in  mid-heaven,  smiled  on 
earth,  and  arrayed  it  in  softer  day,  for  she  had  repeat- 
edly seen  the  sun ;  and  though  she  could  not  rival  him 
when  she  was  above  the  horizon,  she  fondly  hoped  to 
make  his  absence  forgotten.  Over  the  ocean  she  hung, 
enamored  of  her  own  beauty  reflected  in  the  abyss.  The 
few  stars  that  still  continued  to  stand  in  the  midst  of  her 
overpowering  effulgence,  converged  their  rays,  and 
shrunk  into  bluer  depths  of  ether,  to  gaze  at  a  safe  dis- 
tance upon  her.  "  What  more  can  she  be  ?"  thought 
these  scattered  survivors  of  myriads  of  extinguished 
sparklers,  for  the  "  numbers  without  number"  that 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  171 

Galaxy,  gal'  lak-se,   milky  way,   belt   of  stars  thickly 

set. 

Breeze,  gentle  gale  of  wind. 
Paradise,    garden    of  Eden,   the  delightful   garden. 

Gen.  1. 

Ushered  in,  introduced. 
Sabbath,  rest,  day  of  rest,  seventh  day. 
Host  of  them,   all  the   stars,   and   heavenly   bodies. 

Gen.  II.  1. 

Why  did  God  rest  on  the  seventh  day  1 
Moon,    attendant  upon  the   earth,    satellite,    opaque 

body. 

^Vicinity,  neighborhood,  adjacent  regions. 
Naturally  enough,  not  unaccountably,   not  strangely. 
Whence  did  the  stars  suppose  the  moon  procured  her 

light  ? 

Presumed,  thought,  concluded  without  examination. 
Accession,  addition,  increment,  augmentation. 
Absorption,  drawing  away,  swallowing  up. 
Thrive,  increase,  grow,  flourish,  enlarge. 
-Incorporated,   mingled   in  one   mass,   made  a    body 

politic. 
Shame-facedness,   bashfulness,   modesty.      Of  what 

compounded  ? 

-Crescent,  increasing,  moon  in  her  increase. 
Preferment,  pre-fer7  ment,   exaltation,  advancement. 
Intolerably,  beyond  endurance. 
Shrouded,  shrou'  ded,  veiled,  concealed. 
-Veil,  cover,  to  conceal  the  face,  covering. 
Verged,  approached,  nearly  reached,    approximated. 
Ambition,  desire  for  distinction,  emulation. 
Majesty,  stateliness. 
Spread  their  garments,   as  honoring  her  triumphant 

march. 

Rainbow,  many-colored,  colored  like  the  rainbow. 
Tint,  hue,  color, 

-Vapor,  exhalable  air,  wind,  fume,  steam,  spleen,  mel- 
ancholy. 

Fullness,  abundance,  full  form,  perfection. 
Mid-heaven,  middle  of  the  heaven. 
Abyss,  ocean,  deep,  profound  depth. 
Overpowering.     Give  the  derivation. 


172  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

thronged  the  milky  way  had  already  disappeared.  Again 
thought  these  remnants  of  the  host  of  heaven — "  as  hith- 
erto she  has  increased  every  evening,  to-morrow  she 
will  do  the  same,  and  we  must  be  lost  like  our  brethren 
in  her  all  conquering  resplendence.'7 


LESSON   XXXVL 

The  same,  concluded, 

The  moon  herself  was  not  a  little  puzzled  to  imag- 
ine what  might  become  of  her ;  but  vanity  readily 
suggested,  that  although  she  had  reached  her  full  form, 
she  had  not  reached  her  full  size,  consequently,  by 
a  regular  nightly  expansion  of  her  circumference,  she 
would  finally  cover  the  whole  convexity  of  sky, 
not  only  to  the  exclusion  of  the  stars,  but  the  sun 
himself,  since  he  occupied  a  superior  region  of  space, 
and  certainly  could  not  shine  through  her  : — till  man, 
and  his  companion  woman,  looking  upward  from  the 
bowers  of  Eden,  would  see  att  moon  above  them,  and 
ivalk  in  the  light  of  her  countenance  forever.  In  tha 
midst  of  this  self  pleasing  illusion,  a  film  crept  upon  her 
which  spread  from  her  utmost  verge  athwart  her  cen- 
tre, till  it  had  completely  eclipsed  her  visage,  and  made 
her  a  blot  on  the  tablet  of  the  heavens.  In  the  progress 
fof  this  disaster,  the  stars  which  were  hid  in  her  pomp 
stole  forth  to  witness  her  humiliation  ;  but  their  trans- 
port and  her  shame  lasted  not  long — the  shadow  retir- 
ed gradually  as  it  had  advanced,  leaving  her  fairer  by- 
contrast  than  before.  Soon  afterwards,  the  day  broke* 
and  she  withdrew,  marvelling  what  would  next  befa  I 
her. 

Another  day  went,  and  another  night  came.  She 
rose  as  usual^  a  little  later.  Even  while  she  travelled 
above  the  tand  she  was  haunted  with  the  idea,  that  her 
lustre  was  rather  feebler  than  it  had  been  ;  but  when- 
she  beheld  her  face  in  the  sea,  she  could  no  longer  over- 
look the  unwelcome  defect.  The  season  was  boister- 
ous : — the  wind  rose  suddenly,  and  the  waves  burst  in- 
to foam  ;  perhaps  the  tide>  for  the  first  time,  theu 


7 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  173 

Myriads,  unnumbered  multitudes,  countless  num- 
bers. 

Milky  way,  galaxy,  belt  of  thickly  set  stars,  which 
goes  round  the  sky. 

Remnants,  remainders,  what  are  left. 

Brethren,  brera'  ren,  those  who  have  a  common  par- 
ent. 

All-conquering,  all-subduing,  overcoming  every  thing. 

Resplendence,  effulgence. 


Puzzled,  perplexed,  confounded,  embarrassed* 
What  was  the  moon  puzzled  about  T 
What  did  her  vanity  suggest  to  her  T 
Consequently,  therefore,  of  course. 
Nightly,  nocturnal.     From  what  derived? 
Expansion,  enlargement,  amplification. 
Circumference,  circuit,  measurement  round  a  body. 
Convexity,  arch,  expanse,  from  convex. 
Bowers,  bou'urs,  arbors  made  of  branches,  cool  re- 

treats in  gardens. 

Eden.     What  know  you  of  it  1     Gen.  ii. 
Illusion,  deception,  show,  counterfeit  appearance. 
-Film,  thin  skin,  pellicle,  mist,  darkness. 
-Crept,  went  on  all-fours,  advanced  slowly,  stole. 
Athwart,  across,  from  side  to  side. 
Eclipsed,  covered,  concealed,  obscured. 
Visage,  countenance,  look,  face,  disk. 
Tablet,  small  level  surface,  table,  surface  on  which  to 

paint. 
.Humiliation.  What  was  the  cause  of  her  humiliation  ? 

An  eclipse  is  caused  by  the  intervention  of  another 

body. 

Marvelling,  wondering,  looking  with  surprise. 
Befal,  happen  to,  betide,  meet. 
Travelled,  walked,  journied. 
Haunted,  troubled,  closely  followed. 
With  what  idea  was  the  moon  haunted  ? 
Xustre,  splendor,  effulgence,  brightness. 
Boisterous,  stormy,  tempestuous. 
-Foam,  to  be  in  violent  commotion,  froth,  fume. 
Sympathy,  commiseration,  an  influence  from. 
15* 


174  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

affected  by  sympathy  with  the  moon ;  and  what  . 
never  happened  before,  an  universal  tempest  mingled 
earth  and  heaven  in  rain,  and  lightning,  and  darkness. 
She  plunged  among  the  the  thickest  of  the  thunder 
clouds,  and  in  the  confusion  that  hid  her  disgrace,  her 
exulting  rivals  were  all  likewise  put  out  of  countenance. 
On  the  next  evening,  and  every  evening  aftewards,  the 
moon  came  forth  later,  and  dimmer,  while  on  each  oc- 
casion, more  and  more  of  the  minor  stars,  which  had 
formerly  vanished  from  her  eye,  reappeared  to  witness 
her  fading  honors,  and  disfigured  form.  Prosperity  had 
made  her  vain  ;  adversity  brought  her  to  her  mind  again, 
and  humility  soon  compensated  the  loss  of  glaring  dis- 
tinction with  softer  charms,  that  won  the  regard  which 
haughtiness  had  repelled  ;  for  when  she  had  worn  off 
her  uncouth  gibbous  aspect,  and  through  the  last  quar- 
ter her  profile  waned  into  a  hollow  shell,  she  appeared 
more  graceful  than  ever  in  the  eyes  of  all  heaven.— 
When  she  was  originally  seen  among  them,  the  stai> 
contemned  her ;  afterwards,  as  she  grew  in  beauty,  they 
envied,  feared,  hated,  and  finally  fled  from  her.  As  she 
relapsed  into  insignificance,  they  first  rejoiced  in  her 
decay,  then  endured  her  superiority  because  it  could 
not  last  long ;  but  when  they  marked  how  she  wasted 
away  every  time  they  met,  compassion  succeeded,  ant! 
on  the  three  last  nights,  (like  a  human  fair  one  in  the 
last  stage  of  decline,  growing  lovelier  and  dearer  to- 
her  friends  till  her  close,)  she  disarmed  hostility,  con- 
ciliated kindness,  and  secured  affection  ;  she  was  admir- 
ed, beloved,  and  unenvied  by  all. 

At  length  there  came  a  night  when  there  was  no  moon. 
There  was  silence  in  heaven  all  that  night.  In  serene 
meditation  on  the  changes  of  a  month,  the  stars  pursued 
their  journey  from  sunset  to  day-break.  The  comet  had 
likewise  departed  into  unknown  regions.  His  fading 
lustre  had  been  attributed  at  first  to  the  bolder  radiance 
of  the  moon  in  her  meridian,  but  during  her  wane, 
while  inferior  luminaries  were  brightning  around  her. 
he  was  growing  fainter  and  smaller  every  evening,  and 
now  he  was  no  more.  Of  the  rest,  planets  and  stars,all 
were  unimpaired  in  their  light,  and  the  former  only 
slightly  varied  in  their  positions.  The  whole  multitude, 


ANALYTICAL   READER.  I? 

Tides  rise  twice  in  24  hours  by  attraction  from  the 
moan.  App. 

Universal,  wide,  general,  including  every  part. 

Mingled  earth  and  heaven,  made  a  violent  commo- 
tion. 

Thunder  clouds,  clouds  charged  with  electric  matter. 

Exulting,  boasting,  rejoicing,  triumphing. 

Put  out  of  countenance,  hid  from  view. 

-Disfigured,  tarnished,  mangled,  deformed,  defaced. 

What  had  made  the  moon  vain  1 

What  is  the  effect  of  prosperity  upon  men  1 

What  do  you  understand  by  vanity  1 

What  was  the  effect  of  adversity  upon  the  moon  ? 

Brought  her  to  her  mind,  brought  her  to  view  herself 
as  she  ought. 

Compensated,  kom-pen'sa-ted,  made  up,  satisfied. 

Uncouth,  un-koG^V,  deformed,  inelegant. 

Gibbous,  gib'bus,  protuberant,  convex,  crook-backed. 

Profile,  pro-feel7,  side  face,  half  face. 

Originally,  primarily,  at  first,  formerly. 

Contemned,  despised,  disregarded. 

How  did  the  stars  look  upon  the  moon  in  her  ful- 
ness 1  How  when  she  began  to  wane  1 

Why  did  they  endure  her  superiority  1 

What  feelings  did  they  next  have  towards  her  ? 

Do  not  these  changes  take  place  in  regard  to  men  ? 

What  beautiful  comparison  is  here  introduced  ? 

Conciliated,  gained  over,  secured  affection. 

What  took  place  in  heaven,  when  there  was  no  moon  1 

Serene,  calm,  tranquil,  sedate. 

-Changes,  revolutions,  alters.  What  were  some  of  the 
changes  I 

Journey,  path,  travelling,  road. 

Attributed,  ascribed,  laid,  assigned. 

Bolder,  clearer,  more  conspicuous. 

-Meridian,  zenith,  summit,  imaginary  lines  passing 
over  the  heavens  from  North  to  South. 

Wane,  decrease,  while  in  the  last  quarter. 

Brightening.  Give  the  primitive  and  other  deriva- 
tions. 

Luminaries,  lights,  heavenly  bodies. 

Positions,  places,  stations,  courses. 


If 6  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

wiser  by  experience,  and  better  for  their  knowledge, 
were  humble,  contented  and  grateful,  each  for  his  lot, 
whether  splendid  or  obscure. 

Next  evening,  to  the  joy  and  astonishment  of  all, 
the  moon  with  a  new  crescent  was  discried  in  the  west  ; 
and  instantly  from  every  quarter  of  the  pole,  she  was 
congratulated  on  her  happy  resurrection.  Just  as  she 
went  down,  while  her  bow  was  yet  recumbent  on  the 
dark  purple  horizon,  it  is  said,  that  an  angel  appeared, 
standing  between  her  horns.  Turning  his  head,  his  eye 
glanced  rapidly  over  the  universe. — the  sun  sunk  far  be- 
hind him,  the  moon  under  his  feet,  the  earth  spread  in 
prospect  before  him,  and  the  firmament  all  glittering 
with  constellations  above.  He  paused  a  moment,  and 
then,  in  that  tongue  wherein  at  the  accomplishment  of 
creation  "  the  morning  stars  sang  together,  and  all  the 
sons  of  God  shouted  for  joy,"  he  thus  brake  forth.; — 
"  Great  and  marvellous  are  thy  works,  Lord  God  Al- 
mighty 1  In  wisdom  hast  thou  made  them  all  ; — Who 
would  not  fear  thee,  O,  Lord,  and  glorify  thy  name,  for 
thou  only  art  holy  ?"  He  ceased, — and  from  that  hour 
there  1ms  been  harmony  in  heaven. 


LESSON  XXXVII. 

Pain  :  an  Allegory. — CH.  SPECTATOR. 

Pain  is  the  handmaid  of  Mortality.  She  throws  open 
the  door,  and  man  enters  the  theatre  of  life.  There  she 
forsakes  him  not,  but  amid  the  changes  of  his  eventful 
drama,  is  often  around  his  path,  or  within  his  bosom, 
his  strongest  lessons  are  impressed  by  her  agency,  and 
she  sometimes  forces  him  as  a  prisoner  to  the  "  hope 
which  is  an  anchor  to  the  soul."  There  he  bows  meek- 
ly to  her  rough  discipline,  for  he  sees  the  "  Captain  of 
his  salvation  made  perfect  through  sufferings."  When 
he  prepares  to  quit  this  brief  existence,  she  attends  him. 
Hers  is  the  shudder,  the  convulsion— the  cold  dew  start- 
ing in  drops  from  the  temples — the  groan  with  which 
he  resigns  this  earthly  being.  Even  when  the  silver 
card  of  nature  "is  loosed"  and  the  gojden  bowl  brok- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  177 

How  did  the  multitude  of  heavenly  bodies  grow  wi- 
ser ? 

-Lot,  piece  of  ground,  fortune,  destiny,  assigned  place. 

Descried,  perceived,  spied,  noticed. 

Congratulated,  welcomed,  hailed,  received  with  grat  - 
illations. 

-Pole,  end  of  the  earth's  axis,  piece  of  timber,  whole 
sky. 

Resurrection,  resuscitation,  rising  from  the  dead. 

Recumbent,  in  a  reclining  posture. 

Angel,  messenger,  herald,  heavenly  messenger. 

Glanced  rapidly  over,  took  a  rapid  survey. 

Spell  horizon,  firmament,  tongue. 

Give  a  description  of  what  the  angel  saw. 

Paused,  stood  still,  remained  stationary. 

Glittering.     Give  the  derivation  of  this  word. 
••Accomplishment,  finishing,  completion,  elegance,  o-r- 
nament. 

Sons  of  God,  angels,  or  stars.     See  Job  xxxviii.  7. 

Marvellous,  wonderful.     See  Rev.  xv.  3. 

O  Lord,  how  manifold  are  thy  works,  &c.  Ps.  civ. 
24.  Repeat  the  whole  passage  ;  also  Rev.  xv.  3. 

What  are  the  distinguishing  excellencies  of  this  com- 
position 1  What  instruction  have  you  derived  from 
it? 

Handmaid,  attendant,  waiter,  assistant. 
-Theatre,  place  for  scenic  exhibition,  scene?,  stage. 
-Changes,  events,  fortunes,   vicissitudes,   moves,   re- 
moves. 
Drama,  poem  fitted  for  recital  and  action,  comedy  or 

tragedy. 

Impressed,  weighed  down,  inculcated,  taught. 
Agency,  instrumentality,  work,  power,  influence. 
-Hope,  expect  with  pleasure,  pleasant  anticipation. 
-Anchor,  heavy  iron  to  hold  a  ship,  firm  support.  He- 
brews VI:  19. 

Why  is  Christ  termed  the  Captain  of  salvation  ? 
-Shudder,  quake,  painful  feeling. 
Dew,  moisture,  sweat  on  the  brow  of  the  dying. 
-Temples,  houses  for  religious   worship,  sides  of  the 
head. 


178  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

en,  she  is  reluctant  that  their  fellowship  should  be  dis- 
solved. She  fixes  her  glance  on  the  flight  of  the  de- 
parting spirit.  If  it  ascends  toward  "  a  temple  not  made 
with  hands,"  she  takes  an  eternal  farewell :  if  it  descends 
"  to  the  blackness  of  darkness,"  she  adheres  as  its  com- 
panion forever. 


LESSON  XXXVIII. 

A  Thought  on  Death. — MRS.  BARBAULD. 

When  life  as  opening  buds  is  sweet, 
And  golden  hopes  the  fancy  greet, 
And  Youth  prepares  his  jo/s  to  meet, — 
Alas  !  how  hard  it  is  to  die  ! 

When  just  is  seized  some  valued  prize 
And  duties  press,  and  tender  ties 
Forbid  the  soul  from  earth  to  rise, — 
How  awful  then  it  is  to  die  ! 

When  one  by  one  these  ties  are  torn, 
And  friend  from  friend  is  snatched  forlorn, 
And  man  is  left  alone  to  mourn, — 
Ah  then,  how  easy  7tis  to  die  ! 

When  faith  is  firm,  and  conscience  clear, 
And  words  of  peace  the  spirit  cheer, 
And  visioned  glories  half  appear, — 
'Tis  joy,  'tis  triumph  then  to  die. 


LESSON  XXXIX. 

Comparative  Insignificance  of  the  Earth. — CHALMERS. 

The  univere  at  large  would  suffer  as  little,  in  its  splen- 
dor and  variety,  by  the  destruction  of  our  planet,  as  the 
verdure  and  sublime  magnificence  of  a  forest  would  suf- 
fer by  the  fall  of  a  single  leaf.  The  leaf  quivers  on  the 
branch  which  supports  it.  It  is  at  the  mercy  of  of  the 
slightest  accident.  A  breath  of  wind  tears  it  from  its 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  179 

Cord,  string,  by  which  lamps  were  anciently  sus- 
pended. Ecc.  12:  6. 

Bowl,  vessel,  in  which  the  oil  was  contained — used 
here  figuratively. 

Reluctant,  unwilling,  not  disposed,  disinclined. 

Fellowship,  familiar  intercourse,  union,  partnership. 

Departing,  leaving,  disembodied. 

What  place  is  referred  to  ?  why  called  a  temple  ? 

Farewell,  adieu,  parting  ;  from  fare  and  well. 


-Adheres,   continues,  remains,  is  closely  joined. 
.Opening,  o'-pn-ing. 

Golden,  bright.     Why  are  hopes  called  golden  ? 
-Meet,  proper,  becoming,  find,  enjoy. 

Die,  expire.     What  is  death  the  termination  of  ? 
-Just,  upright,  regular,  nearly. 
-Duties,   customs,  obligations,  things   which   we  are 

bound  to  perform. 

.Earth,   er</*,   the  terraqueous    globe,    incombustible 
body. 

Awful,  from  awe,  dreadful. 

Ties,  what  ties  are  here  referred  to  ? 

Forlorn,  destitute,  forsaken,  deserted. 
.Snatched,  seized  hastily,  removed  suddenly. 
-Ah,  alas,  pish,  oh,  expressing  grief,  contempt,  or  ex- 
ultation. 

Faith,  belief,  confidence,  trust  in  God. 
.Conscience,  the  faculty  by  which  we  judge  of  right 
and  wrong. 

Spirit,  soul,  immortal  principle. 

Visioned,  seen  in  vision,  future,  beheld  in  prospect. 


Universe,  all  creation,  all  which  we  can  suppose  to 
exist. 

At  large,  taken  as  a  whole,  generally,  viewed  to- 
gether. 

Planet,  body  revolving  round  a  sun  or  centre,  star 
not  fixed. 

-Verdure,  veryjure,  green,  foliage,  green  color. 


180  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

stem,  and  it  lights  on  the  stream  of  water,  which  passes 
underneath.  In  a  moment  of  time,  the  life,  which  we 
know  by  the  microscope  it  teems  with,  is  extinguished  ; 
ant!,  an  occurrence  so  insignificant  in  the  eye  of  man, 
and  on  the  scale  of  his  observation,  carries  in  it,  to  the 
myriads  which  people  this  little  leaf,  an  event  as  terrible 
and  decisive  as  the  destruction  of  a  world.  Now  on  the 
grand  scale  of  the  universe,  we,  the  occupants  of  this 
ball,  which  performs  its  little  round' among  the  suns  and 
the  systems,  that  astronomy  has  unfolded — we  may  feel 
the  same  littleness,  and  the  same  insecurity.  We  differ 
from  the  leaf  only  in  this  circumstance,  that  it  would  re- 
quire the  operation  of  greater  elements  to  destroy  us. — 
But  these  elements  exist.  The  fire  which  rages  within, 
may  lift  its  devouring  energy  to  the  surface  of  our  plan- 
et, and  transform  it  into  one  wide  and  wasting  volcano. 
The  sudden  formation  of  elastic  matter  in  the  bowels  of 
the  earth — (and  it  is  within  the  agency  of  known  means 
to  accomplish  this)  may  explode  it  into  fragments.  The 
exhalation  of  noxious  air  from  below  may  impart  a  viru- 
lence to  the  air  that  is  around  us  ;  it  may  aftect  the  deli- 
cate proportion  of  its  ingredients  ;  and  the  whole  of  an- 
imated nature  may  wither  and  die  under  the  malignity 
of  a  tainted  atmosphere.  A  blazing  comet  may  cross  the 
fated  planet  in  its  orbit,  and  realize  all  the  terrors  which 
superstition  has  conceived  of  it.  We  cannot  anticipate 
with  precision  the  consequences  of  an  event,  which  eve- 
ery  astronomer  must  know  to  lie  within  the  limits  of 
possibility.  It  may  hurry  our  globe  towards  the  sun, 
or  drag  it  to  the  outer  regions  of  the  planetary  system  ; 
or  give  it  a  new  axis  of  revolution ;  and  the  effect,  which 
I  shall  simply  announce,  without  explaining  it,  would 
be  to  change  the  place  of  the  ocean,  and  bring  another 
mighty  flood  upon  our  islands  and  continents. 

These  are  changes  which  may  happen  in  a  single  in- 
stant of  time,  and  against  which  nothing  known  in  the 
present  system  of  things  provides  us  with  any  security. 
They  might  not  annihilate  the  earth,  but  they  would  un- 
people it ;  and  we  who  tread  its  surface  with  such  firm 
and  assured  footsteps,  are  at  the  mercy  of  devouring  ele- 
ments, which  if  let  loose  upon  us  by  the  hand  of  the  Al- 
mighty, would  spread  solitude,  and  silence,  and  death 
over  the  dominion  of  the  world. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  181 

Microscope,  mi'kro-skope,  magnificence,  an  optic  in- 
strument. 

.Teems,  pregnant,  endued. 

-Scale,  measure,  grade,  rank,  proportion,  gradation. 

Myriads,  uncounted  multitudes,  immense  numbers. 

-Ball,  globe,  world,  any  globular  instrument. 

Stars,  central  luminous  bodies,  as  all  the  fixed  stars 
are  supposed  to  be. 

Systems,  suns  and  planets,  central  bodies  and  satel- 
lites. 

Astronomy.     What  does  astronomy  teach  1 

Wherein  do  we  differ  from  the  leaf? 

What  should  our  insignificance  teach  us  ? 

Are  we  then  overlooked  by  the  Author  and  Upholder 
of  the  universe  ? 

Elements.     What  do  you  understand  by  elements  in 
this  case  1 

Fire.     What  fire  is  meant  1  Where  is  it  concealed  ? 

Energy,  force,  vehemence.     Is  it  usually  said  of  men 
or  things  1 

Wide  and  wasting.   What  is  an  alliteration.     See  ap- 
pendix. 

Elastic,  springing  back,  susceptible  of  compression 
and  expansion. 

What  is  a  sudden  movement  of  the  earth  called  ? 

.Exhalation,  rising  up,  ascent,  rise. 

Virulence,  noxiousness,  contagion,  poison. 
-Delicate,  soft,  nicely  balanced,  gentle. 

Ingredients,  parts,  various  things  which  make  up  a 
whole. 

Animated  nature.     What  is  meant  by  this  ? 

Atmosphere.     What  do  you  mean  by  this  ? 

Comet,  a  star  with  a  train  or  tail,  devious  body. 

Fated,  destined  to  destruction,  devoted. 

Superstition,  credulity,  ill  grounded  fear. 

Axis,  the  line  real  or  imaginary  round  which  a  body 
may  revolve. 

Annihilate,  reduce  to  nothing,  bring  to  an  utter  end! 
Who  alone  can  annihilate  matter  ? 

Unpeople,  depopulate,  deprive  of  inhabitants. 
-Tread,  walk  upon,  trample  down,  rule  with  tyranny. 

What  emotions  does  the  study  of  astronomy  excite  1 
16 


I  S3  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

LESSON  XL. 

Death  of  Queen  Mary  of  Scotland. — ROBERTSON. 

On  Tuesday,  the  7th  February,  the  earls  of  Shrews- 
bury and  Rent  arrived  at  Fotheringay,  and,  demand- 
ing access  to  the  queen,  read  in  her  presence  the  war- 
rant of  execution,  and  required  her  to  prepare  to  die 
next  morning.  Mary  heard  them  to  the  end  without 
emotion.  "  That  soul,"  said  she,  "  is  not  worthy  the 
joys  of  Heaven,  which  repines  because  the  body  must 
endure  the  stroke  of  the  executioner;  and  though  I  did 
not  expect  that  the  queen  of  England  would  set  the  first 
example  of  violating  the  sacred  person  of  a  sovereign 
prince,  I  willingly  submit  to  that  which  Providence  has 
decreed  to  be  my  lot;"  and  laying  her  hand  upon  a  bi- 
ble, which  happened  to  be  near  her,  she  solemnly  pro- 
tested that  she  was  innocent  of  that  conspiracy  which 
Babington  had  carried  on  against  Elizabeth's  life.  She 
then  mentioned  the  request  contained  in  her  letter  to 
Elizabeth,  but  obtained  no  satisfactory  answer.  She 
then  entreated,  with  particular  earnestness,  that  now, 
in  her  last  moments,  her  alinoner  might  be  suffered  to 
attend  her,  and  that  she  might  enjoy  the  consolations  of 
those  pious  institutions  prescribed  by  her  religion.  Even 
this  favor,  which  is  granted  to  the  meanest  criminals, 
was  absolutely  denied. 

Her  attendants,  during  this  conversation,  were  bath- 
ed in  tears,  and  though  overawed  by  the  presence  of  the 
two  earls,  with  difficulty  suppressed  their  anguish.  But 
no  sooner  did  Kent  and  Shrewsbury  withdraw,  than 
they  ran  to  their  mistress,  and  burst  out  into  the  most 
passionate  expressions  of  tenderness  and  sorrow.  Mary, 
however,  not  only  retained  perfect  composure  of  mind, 
but  endeavored  to  moderate  their  grief;  and  falling  on 
her  knees,  with  all  her  domestics  around  her,  she  thank- 
ed Heaven  that  her  sufferings  were  now  so  near  an  end, 
and  prayed  that  she  might  be  enabled  to  endure  what 
still  remained  with  decency  and  fortitude.  The  greater 
part  of  the  evening  she  employed  in  settling  her  worldly 
affairs.  She  wrote  her  testament  with  her  own  hand. 
Her  money,  her  jewels,  and  her  clothes,  she  distributed 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  183 

Scotland.     Where  is  Scotland  1  See  maps. 
.Earls,  erls,  title  of  nobility,  third  degree  of  nobility. 
.Access,  admittance,  entrance,  approach. 

Warrant,  paper  containing  the  order  of  death. 

Emotion,  being  affected,  trepidation. 

Repines,  complains,  murmurs,  is  discontented. 
•Endure,  suffer,  continue,  last,  undergo. 

Executioner,  hangman,  one  who  beheaded  her ;  from 
execute. 

Violating,  doing  violence  to,  attacking  by  force,  de- 
filing. 

Providence,  foresight,  care  of  God  over  created  be- 
ings, the  God  who  provides. 
-Sacred,  holy,  inviolable,  not  to  be  violated. 

Protested,  asserted,  called  heaven  to  witness. 
.Conspiracy,  act  of  raising  a  rebellion  ;    from   con- 
spire. 

Elizabeth.     Who  was  this  personage  1  See  app. 

Satisfactory,  reasonable,    giving   satisfaction  ;    from 
satisfy. 

Entreated,  requested,  supplicated  ;  from  treat. 

Almoner,  officer  employed  to  distribute  charity. 
.Institutions,  ordinances,   observances ;  from  institute. 

Prescribed,  ordered,  enjoined,  made  necessary. 

Criminals,  culprits,  those  guilty  of  crimes. 

Attendants,  servants,  assistants  ;  from  attend. 

•Overawed,  kept  from  acting,  awe-struck. 

Suppressed,  kept  down,  caused  to  subside,  overcame. 

Withdraw,  retire,  go  out,  remove. 

-Passionate,  warm,  excited,  enraged,  cross  ;  from  pas- 
sion. 

Composure,  calmness,  quietness  ;  from  compose. 

-Moderate,  calm,  suppress,  ordinary,  not  excessive. 

Domestics,  servants,  attendants. 

An  end.     What  enabled  her  to  regard  her  sufferings 
as  at  an  end  ? 

-Still,  yet,  notwithstanding,  furthermore,  motionless. 

Fortitude,  courage,  hardihood,  braving. 

-Testament,  will,  instrument,  by  which  a  disposition 
is  made  of  one's  affairs. 

Settling,  arranging,  calming,  stilling,  ordering. 


184  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

among  her  servants,  according  to  their  rank  or  merit. 
She  wrote  a  short  letter  to  the  King  of  France,  and  an- 
other to  the  duke  of  Guise,  full  of  tender,  but  magnan- 
imous sentiments,  and  recommended  her  soul  to  their 
prayers,  and  her  afflicted  servants  to  their  protection. 
At  supper  she  ate  temperately,  as  usual,  and  conversed 
not  only  with  ease,  but  with  cheerfulness  ;  she  drank  to 
every  one  of  her  servants,  and  asked  their  forgiveness, 
if  she  had  ever  failed  in  any  part  of  her  duty  towards 
them.  At  her  wonted  time,  she  went  to  bed,  and  slept 
calmly  a  few  hours.  Early  in  the  morning  she  retired 
into  her  closet,  and  employed  a  considerable  time  in  de- 
votion. At  eight  o'clock  the  high  sheriff  and  his  offi- 
cers entered  her  chamber,  and  found  her  still  kneeling 
at  the  altar.  She  immediately  started  up,  and  with  a 
majestic  mem,  and  a  countenance  undismayed,  and  even 
cheerful,  advanced  to  the  place  of  execution,  leaning  on 
two  attendants.  She  was  dressed  in  a  mourning  habit, 
but  with  an  elegance  and  splendor  which  she  had  long 
lain  aside,  except  on  a  few  festival  days.  At  the  foot  of 
the  stairs,  the  two  earls,  attended  by  several  gentlemen 
from  the  neighboring  counties,  received  her  :  and  there 
Sir  Andrew  Melvil,  the  master  of  her  household,  who 
had  been  secluded  some  weeks  from  her  presence,  was 
permitted  to  take  his  last  farewell.  At  the  sight  of  a 
mistress  whom  he  tenderly  loved,  in  such  a  situation,  he 
melted  into  tears ;  and  as  he  was  bewailing  her  condi- 
tion, and  complaining  of  his  own  hard  fate,  in  being  ap- 
pointed to  carry  the  account  of  such  a  mournful  event 
into  Scotland,  Mary  replied,  "  Weep  not,  good  Mel- 
vil, there  is  at  present  great  cause  for  rejoicing.  Thou 
shalt  this  day  see  Mary  Stewart  delivered  from  all  her 
earthly  cares,  and  such  an  end  put  to  her  tedious  suffer- 
ings as  she  has  long  expected.  Bear  witness  that  I  die 
constant  in  my  religion ;  firm  in  my  fidelity  toward* 
Scotland  ;  and  unchanged  in  my  affection  to  France. 
Commend  me  to  my  son.  Tell  him  I  have  done  noth- 
ing injurious  to  his  kingdom,  to  his  honor,  or  to  his 
rights ;  and  God  forgive  all  those  who  have  thirsted, 
without  cause,  for  my  blood*" 

With  much  difficulty,   and  after  many  entreaties,  she 
prevailed  on  the  two  earls,  to  allow  Melvil,  together 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  185 

Rank,  distinction,  order,  degree  of  office. 

King.     How  was  Mary  related  to  the  king  of  France -7 
See  app. 

Duke,  first  title  of  nobility,  officer  next  to  the  king. 
.Magnanimous,  noble,  exalted,  generous. 

Temperately,  moderately,  frugally,  with  temperance. 

Recommended  to,   mentioned  as  worthy  of,  or  enti- 
tled to. 

Drank  to,  pledged  by  drinking. 

Failed,  been  remiss,  manifested  unfaithfulness. 

Wonted,  accustomed,  usual. 

Retired,  withdrew,  secluded  herself. 

Devotion,  prayer,  pious  meditation. 
.Sheriff,  first  executive  officer  in  the  county. 

Mein,  aspect,  appearance,  demeanor. 

Undismayed,  uuterrified,  unappalled  ;  from  dismay. 

Leaning,  reclining  for  support,  bending. 

Dressed,  arrayed,  habited. 

Habit,  apparel,  dress,  suit,  clothing. 

Festival,  feasting,  relating  to  feasts. 
-Foot,  bottom,  twelve  inches. 
.Neighboring,  circumjacent ;  from  neighbor. 

Secluded,  withdvawn,  shut  out,  secreted. 
.Presence,  sight,  state  of  being  present. 

Mistress,  woman  whom  he  obeyed,  queen. 

Bewailing,  lamenting,  repining  at,  bemoaning. 

Fate,  lot,  destiny,  situation,  fortune. 
-Account,  notice,  information,  is  made  responsible. 

Rejoicing.     What  was  the  cause  for  rejoicing  ? 

Delivered,  freed,  given  up,  betrayed. 
.Tedious,  long  continued,  producing  weariness. 

Constant,  faithful,  unwavering,  standing  firm. 

Fidelity,  faithfulness,  loyalty,  devotedness. 

France.     Why  had  she  peculiar  affection  for  France  '? 

Son.     Who  was  her  son  ?  James  I.  of  England. 

Thirsted.     Whence  this  figure  ? 

Prevailed  on,  influence,  had  success  with. 
-Scaffold,  place  erected  for  the  execution. 

Erected,  built,  raised,  put  up. 

-Tried,  brought  to  trial,  attempted,  passed  through 
danger. 


186  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

with  three  of  her  men  servants,  and  two  of  her  maictV? 
to  attend  her  on  the  scaffold.  It  was  erected  in  the  same 
hall  where  she  had  been  tried,  raised  a  little  above  the 
floor,  and  covered,  as  well  as  the  chair,  the  cushion,  and 
•block,  with  black  cloth.  Mary  mounted  the  steps  with 
alacrity,  beheld  all  this  apparatus  of  death  with  an  un- 
altered countenance,  and  signing  herself  with  the  cross, 
she  sat  down  in  the  chair.  Beale  read  the  warrant  for 
execution  with  a  loud  voice,  to  which  she  listened  with 
a  careless  air,  and  like  one  occupied  with  other 
thoughts.  Then  the  dean  of  Peterborough  began  a  de- 
vout discourse,  suitable  to  her  present  condition,  and 
offered  up  prayers  to  heaven  in  her  behalf.  When  the 
dean  had  finished  his  devotions,  she,  with  an  audible 
voice,  and  in  the  English  tongue,  recommended  unto 
God  the  afflicted  state  of  the  church,  and  prayed  for 
prosperity  to  her  son,  and  for  a  long  life  and  peaceable 
reign  to  Elizabeth.  She  declared  that  she  hoped  for 
mercy  only  through  the  death  of  Christ.  "  As  thy  arms, 
O  Jesus,  were  extended  on  the  cross,  so  with  the  out- 
stretched arms  of  thy  mercy  receive  me,  and  forgive  my 
sins." 

She  then  prepared  for  the  block,  by  taking  off  her  veil, 
and  upper  garments;  and  one  of  the  executioners  rude- 
ly endeavoring  to  assist,  she  gently  checked  him,  and 
said,  with  a  smile,  that  she  had  not  been  accustomed  to 
undress  before  so  many  spectators,  nor  to  be  served  by 
such  valets.  With  calm  but  undaunted  fortitude,  she 
laid  her  neck  on  the  block  ;  and  while  one  executioner 
held  her  hands,  the  other,  at  the  second  stroke,  cut  oft' 
her  head,  which,  falling  out  of  its  attire,  discovered  her 
hair  already  grown  quite  gray  with  cares  and  sorrows. 
The  executioner  held  it  up  still  streaming  with  blood, 
and  the  dean  crying  out, 4  So  perish  all  queen  Elizabeth's 
enemies,'  the  earl  of  Kent  alone  answered,  Amen.  The 
rest  of  the  spectators  continued  silent,  and  drowned  in 
tears ;  being  incapable  at  that  moment  of  any  other  sen- 
timent but  those  of  pity  or  admiration. 

None  of  her  women  were  suffered  to  come  near  her 
dead  body,  which  was  carried  into  the  room  adjoining 
to  the  place  of  execution,  where  it  lay  for  some  days* 
covered  with  a  coarse  cloth  torn  from  a  billiard  table. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  187 

Mounted,  ascended,  went  up,  arose. 

Alacrity,  readiness,  unhesitatingly. 

.Apparatus,  tools,  furniture,  equipage,  preparation. 

Unaltered,  continuing  the  same,  unchanged;  from  al- 
ter. Signing  herself  with  the  cross,  making  the 
mark  of  a  cross  on  herself. 

Air,  look,  mein,  atmosphere. 

Dean,  officer  in  the  church  next  to  to  a  bishop. 

Devout,  solemn,  prayerful,  pious. 

Suitable,  proper,  becoming,  from  suit. 

Audible,  distinct,  that  can  be  heard. 

Prosperity,  success,  happiness,  accomplishment  of  his 
plans. 

English,  ing'  lish,  tongue,  English  language. 

Elizabeth.  What  Scriptural  examples  did  she  here 
imitate  1 

Declared.  Does  this  indicate  right  feelings  in  view 
of  death  ? 

As  thy  arms,  &c.     Was  this  the  fact  1 

Outstretched,  extended,  spread  out;  of  what  com- 
pounded 1 

Block,  piece  of  wood  on  which  her  head  was  to  be 

laid. 
-.Veil,  thin  covering  for  the  face,  conceal. 

Rudely,  violently,  coarsely,  impolitely,  boisterously, 

ignorantly. 
.Checked,  rebuked,  repulsed,  embarrassed. 

Undress,  disrobe  herself;  from  dress. 

Valets,  servants,  attendants. 

.Undaunted,  unshaken,  unintimiclated,  from  daunt. 

Attire,  dress  covering,  garments. 
-Discovered,  showed,  found  out. 

Gray.     What  makes  persons  grow  gray  ? 

Dean.     Could  this  man  have  had  any  good  feelings  f 

Drowned  in  tears.     What  figure  of  speech  is  this  1 

Amen,  so  let  it  be,  assent  to  what  has  been  said. 

Incapable,  without  power,  destitute  of  capacity. 

Sentiments,  feelings,  opinions,  principles. 

Admiration,  pleasing  wonder  ;  from  admire. 

Adjoining,  from  join,  adjacent,  connected  with. 

Billiard,  gaming,  play  in  which  balls  are  struck  witk 
sticks. 


188  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

The  black  scaffold,  the  aprons  of  the  executioners,  and 
every  thing  stained  with  her  blood,  was  reduced  to  ashes. 
Not  long  after  Elizabeth  appointed  her  body  to  be  bu- 
ried in  the  Cathedral  of  Peterborough  with  royal  mag- 
nificence. But  this  vulgar  artifice  was  employed  in 
vain  ;  the  pageantry  of  a  pompous  funeral  did  not  efface 
the  memory  of  those  injuries  which  laid  Mary  in  her 
grave.  James,  soon  after  his  accession  to  the  English 
throne,  ordered  her  body  to  be  removed  to  Westminster 
Abbey,  to  be  deposited  among  the  monarchs  of  Eng- 
land. 

Such  was  the  tragical  death  of  Mary,  queen  of  Scots, 
after  a  life  of  forty  four  years  and  two  months,  almost 
nineteen  of  which  she  passed  in  captivity.  The  politic- 
al parties  which  were  formed  in  her  kingdom  during 
her  reign  have  subsisted,  under  various  denomination?, 
ever  since  that  time.  The  rancor  with  which  they  were 
first  animated,  hath  descended  to  succeeding  ages,  and 
their  prejudices  as  well  as  their  rage,  have  been  perpet- 
uated, and  even  augmented.  Among  other  historians, 
who  were  under  the  dominion  of  all  these  passions,  and 
who  have  either  ascribed  to  her  every  virtuous  and  ami- 
able quality,  or  have  imputed  to  her  all  the  vices  of 
which  the  human  heart  is  susceptible,  we  search  in  vain 
for  Mary's  real  character.  She  neither  merited  the  ex- 
aggerated praises  of  the  one,  nor  the  undistinguished 
censure  of  the  other. 

To  all  the  charms  of  beauty,  and  the  utmost  elegance 
of  external  form,  she  added  those  accomplishments 
which  render  their  impression  irresistible;  polite,  affa- 
ble, insinuating,  sprightly,  and  capable  of  speaking  and 
writing  with  ease  and  dignity.  Sudden,  however,  and 
violent  in  all  her  attachments;  because  her  heart  was 
warhi  and  unsuspicious.  Impatient  of  contradiction  ; 
because  she  had  been  accustomed  from  her  infancy  to 
be  used  as  a  queen.  No  stranger,  on  some  occasions, 
to  dissimulation  ;  which,  in  that  perfidious  court  where 
she  received  her  education,  was  reckoned  among  the 
necessary  arts  of  government.  Not  insensible  to  flatte- 
ry, or  unconscious  of  that  pleasure  with  which  every 
woman  beholds  the  influence  of  her  own  beauty.  Form- 
ed of  the  qualities  which  we  love,  not  with  the  talents 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  189 

Stained,  spotted,  polluted,  maculated. 
-Reduced,  burnt,  brought  down,  diminished. 

Cathedral,  head  church  in  a  diocese,  largest  church. 

Royal,   kingly,  splendid,    princely,  becoming  a  mo- 
narch. 

.Artifice,  trick,  stratagem,  fraud  ;  from  art. 
.Pageantry,  pa'd  jun-tre,  show,  external  splendor. 

Efface,  blot  out,  remove,  obliterate. 

Westminster  Abbey,  burial  place  in  London  for  great 
and  illustrious  persons. 

Deposited,  buried,  laid,  put  aside,  interred. 

Tragical,  cruel,  calamitous,  bloody,  like  a  tragedy. 

Captivity,   imprisonment,   confinement  ;    from   cap- 
tive. 

Political,  relating  to  affairs  of  state. 

Subsisted,  continued,  lived,  survived. 

Denominations,  names,  appellations,  titles. 
.Rancor,  bitterness,  animosity,  violent  feelings. 

Perpetrated,  made  to  continue. 

Augmented,  increased,  enlarged. 

Historians.     What  is  the  business  of  a  historian  1 

Ascribed,  contributed,  considered  as  possessing. 

Imputed,  alleged,  charged,  reckoned. 

Susceptible,  capable  of  possessing,  sensitive,  tender, 

Exaggerated,  enlarged  beyond  the  truth. 

Censure,  reproach,  condemnation. 

External,  outward,  visible  to  the  senses. 

Affable,  social  communicative,  courteous. 

Insinuating,    charming,    pleasing,   gaining    admira- 
tion. 

Dignity,  gracefulness,  grandeur,  deportment. 

.Unsuspicious,  free  from  suspicion. 

Impatient  of  contradiction,   unwilling  to  be  contra- 
dicted. 

.Dissimulation,  deception,  hypocricy,  act  of  deceiving. 

.Perfidious,  treacherous,  faithless,  false. 

Insensible,  unsusceptible,  unaffected ;  from  sense. 

.Unconscious  of,  incapable  of  feeling,   not   knowing. 

Trace  its  origin. 

Qualities,  traits  of  character,  properties,  virtues,  at- 
tributes. 


190  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

we  admire,  she  was  an  agreeable  woman,  rather  than 
an  illustrious  queen.  The  vivacity  of  her  spirit  not  suffi- 
ciently tempered  with  sound  judgment,  and  the  warmth 
of  her  heart,  which  was  not  at  all  times  under  the  res- 
traint of  discretion,  betrayed  her  both  into  error  and 
into  crimes.  To  say  that  she  was  always  unfortunate, 
will  not  account  for  that  long  and  almost  uninterrupted 
succession  of  calamities  which  befel  her ;  we  must  like- 
wise add,  that  she  was  often  imprudent.  Her  passion 
for  Darnley  was  rash,  youthful,  and  excessive;  and 
though  the  sudden  transition  to  the  opposite  extreme, 
was  the  effect  of  her  ill  requited  love,  and  of  his  in- 
gratitude, insolence  and  brutality  ;  yet  neither  these, 
nor  Bothwell's  artful  address  and  important  services 
can  justify  her  attachments  to  that  nobleman,  Even  the 
manners  of  the  age,  licentious  as  they  were,  are  no 
apology  for  this  unhappy  passion ;  nor  can  they  induce 
us  to  look  on  that  tragical  and  infamous  scene  which 
followed  upon  it,  with  less  abhorrence.  Humanity  will 
draw  a  veil  over  this  part  of  her  character  which  it  can- 
not approve,  and  may,  perhaps,  prompt  some  to  impute 
some  of  her  actions  to  her  situation,  more  than  to  her 
disposition  ;  and  to  lament  the  unhappiness  of  the  for- 
TI]^t',  1'athor  than  accuse  the  perver^eiicss  of  the  latter. 
Mary's  sufferings  exceed,  both  in  degree  and  in  dura- 
tion,'those  tragical  distresses  which  fancy  has  feigned, 
to  excite  sorrow  and  commiseration  ;  and  while  we 
survey  them  we  are  apt  altogether  to  forget  her  frailties, 
we  think  of  her  faults  with  less  indignation,  and  ap- 
prove of  our  tears,  as  if  they  were  shed  for  a  person 
who  had  attained  much  nearer  to  purer  virtue. 

With  regard  to  the  queen's  person,  a  circumstance 
not  to  be  omitted  in  writing  the  history  of  a  female 
reign,  all  contemporary  authors  agree  in  ascribing  to 
Mary  the  utmost  beauty  of  countenance,  and  elegance 
of  shape,  of  which  the  human  form  is  capable.  Her 
hair  was  black,  though,  according  to  the  fashion  of  that 
age,  she  frequently  wore  borrowed  locks,  and  of  differ- 
ent colors.  Her  eyes  were  a  dark  gray  ;  her  complex- 
ion was  exquisitely  fine  ;  and  her  hands  and  arms  were 
very  delicate,  both  as  to  shape  and  color.  Her  stature 
was  of  an  height  that  rose  to  majestic.  She  danced, 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  191 

Admire.     What  is  the  difference  between  admiring 
and  loving  1 

Illustrious,  conspicuous,   noble,   eminent   for   excel- 
lence. 

Vivacity,  liveliness,  sprightliness,  cheerfulness. 

Tempered,  chastened,  moderated,  qualified. 

Restraint,  control,  influence,  power. 

.Discretion,  judgment,  wisdom  ;  from  discreet. 

Succession,  consecution,  series  ;  from  succeed. 

Befel,  came  upon,  happened  to. 

Darnley.     Who  was  Darnley  ?  See  app. 

Transition,  crossing  over,  passing,  removal. 

Requited,  rewarded,  retaliated,  recompensed. 

Brutality,  savageness,  churlishness. 

Bothwell.     What  do  you  know  of  him  1  App. 

Attachments,  affection,  regard ;  from  attach. 

Licentious,  corrupt,  unrestrained  ;  from  license. 

Apology,  excuse,  plea  for  pardon. 

Induce,  influence,  excite,  move. 

Infamous,  censurable,  publicly  branded  with  guilt. 

.Abhorrence,  detestation,  hatred.      Change  it  into  a 
verb. 

-Humanity,  tenderness,  human  kind. 

Veil.     Explain  this  figure. 

Perverseness,  waywardness,  wickedness. 

-Feigned,  represented  in  fiction,  unreal. 

Commiseration,  pity,  compassion,  sympathy. 

Frailties,  weaknesses,  liabilities  to  err. 

Indignation,  abhorrence,  detestation  ;  from  indignant. 

Attained,  approached,  arrived  at. 

Female  reign,  reign  of  a  woman,  of  a  queen. 

Contemporary,  living  at  the  same  time,  of  the  same 
age. 

Utmost,  highest,  greatest,  farthest. 

Elegance,  symmetry,  exact  proportion,  beauty. 

-According,  in  conformity,  yielding. 

Complexion,  color  of  the  skin. 

Exquisitely,  surpassingly,  perfectly,  completely. 
Stature,  height  of  a  person,  length  of  body. 

Majestic ;  dignity,  what  becomes  majesty. 


102  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

walked,  and  rode  with  equal  grace.  Her  taste  for  mu- 
sic was  just,  and  she  both  sung  and  played  upon  the  lute 
with  uncommon  skill.  Towards  the  end  of  her  life  she 
began  to  grow  fat,  and  her  long  confinement,  and  the 
coldness  of  the  houses  in  which  she  was  imprisoned, 
brought  on  a  rheumatism,  which  often  deprived  her  of 
the  use  of  her  limbs.  No  man,  says  Brantome,  ever  be- 
held her  person  without  admiration,  or  will  read  her  his- 
tory without  sorrow. 


LESSON  XLL 

A  Fragment. — BRAINARD. 

Yon  cloud  is  bright,  and  beautiful — it  floats 

Alone  in  God's  horizon  ; — on  its  edge 

The  stars  seem  hung  like  pearls,  it  looks  as  pure 

As  'twere  an  angel's  shroud — the  white  cymar 

Of  purity  just  peeping  through  its  folds 

To  give  a  pitying  look  on  this  sad  world. 

Go  visit  it,  and  find  that  all  is  false 

Its  glories  are  but  fog,  and  its  white  form 

Is  plighted  to  some  coming  thunder-gust ; 

The  rain,  the  wind,  the  lightning,  have  their  source 

In  such  bright  meetings.     Gaze  not  at  the  clouds 

However  beautiful.     Gaze  at  the  sky, 

The  clear,  blue,  tranquil,  fixed,  and  glorious  sky. 


LESSON  XLII. 

Mahomet  and  Jesus,  as  Prophets,  compared. — SHERLOCK. 

The  gospel  had  no  competitor  till  the  great  and  suc- 
cessful impostor  Mahomet  arose.  He  indeed  pretends 
a  commission  to  all  the  world,  and  found  means  suffi- 
ciently to  publish  his  pretences.  He  asserts  his  author- 
ity upon  the  strength  of  revelation,  and  endeavors  to 
transfer  the  advantages  of  the  gospel  evidence  to  him- 
self, having  that  pattern  before  him  to  copy  after.  But 
with  respect  to  this  instance,  I  persuade  myself  it  can 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  10* 

-Grace,  elegance,  propriety,  beauty,  favor,  mercy, 
-Lute,  stringed  instrument  of  music,  composition,  like 
clay. 

Skill,  adroitness,  dexterity,  excellence. 

Rheumatism,  roo'ma-tizm,  painful  distemper. 
-Person,  form,  external  self,  human  being. 

History,  account  of  her  life,  narrative  of  her  life. 


Floats,  moves  calmly,  sails.  Whence  the  origin  of 
the  figure  ? 

.Horizon,  the  line  that  terminates  the  view. 

.Pearls,  round  brilliant  gems. 

-Shroud,  a  wiriding-sheet,  a  cover,  rope  that  supports 
the  mast. 

Cymar,  se-mar',  a  scarf,  a  slight  covering. 

-Folds,  plaits  or  doubles  in  a  garment,  wraps  up. 

-Glories,  splendors,  brightness,  fame,  happiness  of 
heaven. 

Plighted,  pledged,  promised. 

-Gust,  love,  sense  of  tasting,  a  sudden  blast  of  wind. 

What  are  some  of  the  effects  of  lightning  1 

Sky.     By  what  other  names  is  the  sky  called  ? 

What  different  thoughts  do  clouds  and  the  sky  sug- 
gest ? 

Is  this  piece  of  poetry  beautiful,  or  sublime  f 


Mahomet,  Ma'hom-et.     Who  was  he  ?     App. 
.Competitor,  rival ;  from  compete. 
Impostor,  deceiver,   one  who  cheats  by   a  fictitious 

character. 

.Commission,  trust,  charge,  mandate ;  from  commit. 
Pretences,  false  assumptions,  acts  of  showing  what  is 

not  real. 

Revelation.     Why  is  the  Bible  called  a  Revelation  ? 
Transfer,  carry  over,  move,  transport. 
.Pattern,  example,  rule,  likeness. 
.Persuade,  convince,  influence. 
17 


194  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

be  no  very  distracting  study  to  determine  our  choice. 
Go  to  your  natural  religion;  lay  before  her  Mahom- 
et and  his  disciples  arrayed  in  armor,  and  in  blood,  ri- 
ding in  triumph  over  the  spoils  of  thousands,  and  tens 
of  thousands,  who  fell  by  his  victorious  sword  ;  show 
her  the  cities,  which  he  set  in  flames,  the  countries, 
which  he  ravaged  and  destroyed,  and  the  miserable  dis- 
tress of  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  earth.  When  she  has 
viewed  him  in  this  scene,  carry  her  into  his  retirements 
— show  her  the  prophet's  chamber,  his  concubines  and 
wives  ;  let  her  see  his  adultery,  and  allege  revelation 
and  his  divine  commission  to  justify  his  lust  and  oppres- 
sion. When  she  is  tired  with  this  prospect,  then  show 
her  the  blessed  Jesus,  humble  and  meek,  doing  good  to 
all  the  sons  of  men,  patiently  instructing  both  the  igno- 
rant and  the  perverse.  Let  her  see  him  in  his  most  re- 
tired privacies  !  let  her  follow  him  to  the  mount,  and 
hear  his  devotions  and  supplications  to  God.  Carry  her 
to  his  table  to  view  his  pure  fare,  and  hear  his  heavenly 
discourse.  Let  her  see  him  injured,  but  not  provoked. 
Let  her  attend  him  to  the  tribunal,  and  consider  the  pa- 
tience with  which  he  endured  the  scoffs  and  reproaches 
of  his  enemies.  Lead  her  to  his  cross,  and  let  her  view 
him  in  the  agony  of  death,  and  hear  his  last  prayer  for 
his  persecutors — "  Father,  forgive  them,  for  they  know 
not  what  they  do  !" 

When  natural  religion  has  viewed  both,  ask  which  i? 
the  prophet  of  God  1  But  her  answer,  we  have  already 
had  ;  when  she  saw  part  of  this  scene  through  the  eyes 
of  the  centurion,  who  attended  at  the  cross :  by  him  she 
spoke  and  said,  "  Truly  this  man  was  the  son  of  God." 


LESSON  XLIII. 

The  Effect  of  Abolishing  Christianity. — THOMPSON. 

Christianity  rescued  us  from  heathenism,  and  if  we 
extinguish  the  light  of  Christianity,  I  see  not  how  we 
can  avoid  the  inference,  that  to  the  darkness  of  heathen- 
ism we  must  return.  This  is  the  final  and  unavoidable 
result. 


ANALYTICAL   READER.  195 

Determine,  de-ter'  nun,  conclude,  resolve  concerning 

a  thing. 
Natural  religion,  what   is  known   of    God   from   his 

works. 

Arrayed,  clothed,  accoutred,  ornamented. 
.Disciples,  scholars,  pupils,  followers. 
Spoils,  ruins,  plunder,  booty. 
Ravaged,  laid  waste,  plundered,  ransacked. 
Countries.     What   countries  did   Mahomet   ravage  I 
Retirements,  secret  places,  private  apartments. 
Concubines,  unmarried  women,  acting  as  wives. 
Allege,  bring  forward,  appeal,  to  urge. 
Divine,  de-vine,  proceeding  from  God. 
Oppression,  cruelty,  severity  ;  from  oppress. 
-Prospect,  sight,  place  which  affords  an  extended  view 
.Perverse,  froward,  wicked,  obstinate. 
Privacies,  retreats,  concealments  ;  from  private. 
-Mount,  mount,  mountain,  ascent,  rise. 
.Supplications,  from  supplicate. 
^Discourse,  speech,  instruction,  address. 
Provoked,  made  angry,  enraged,  challenged. 
Tribunal,  bar  of  the  court. 
Before  whose  tribunal  was  Christ  brought? 
Reproaches,  censures,  infamy,  revilings. 
Agony,  struggle,  excessive  pain. 
Father,  &c/~See  Luke  23  ;  34. 
When  natural  religion.     What  figure   of  speech  is 

used  here  ? 
Prophet,  one  sent  from  God,  one  who  foretells  future 

events. 
Centurion,   Roman   officer   commanding  a  hundred 

men.     Mat.  27 :  54. 
She  spake.     To  what  does  she  refer  1 
How  could  natural  religion  be  said  to  speak   through 

the  Centurion  ? 

What  is  a  comparison  ?  See  App. 
Rescued,  delivered,  made  way  for  our  escape,  freed. 
.Heathenism,  paganism,    all  systems   of  religion  not 

founded  on  the  Bible. 

.Inference,   conclusion    drawn    from    previous   argu- 
ments, result. 
Darkness.     Why  is  heathenism  called  darkness  ] 


19G  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Thare  might  remain  among  a  few  of  the  more  en- 
lightened, some  occasional  glimpses  of  religious  truth, 
as  we  find  to  have  been  the  case  in  the  Pagan  world. 
But  the  degradation  of  the  great  mass  of  the  people  to 
that  ignorance,  and  idolatry,  and  superstition,  out  of 
which  the  Gospel  had  emancipated  them,  would  be  cer- 
tain and  complete.  This  retrograde  movement  might 
be  retarded  by  the  advantage  which  we  have  derived 
from  that  system,  whose  influence  we  should  continue 
to  feel  long  after  we  had  ceased  to  acknowledge  the  di- 
vinity of  its  source.  But  these  advantages  would,  by  de- 
grees, lose  their  efficacy,  even  as  mere  matters  of  spec- 
ulation, and  give  place  to  the  workings  of  fancy,  and 
credulity,  and  corruption.  A  radiance  might  still  glow 
upon  the  high  places  of  the  earth  after  the  sun  of  reve- 
lation had  gone  down ;  and  the  brighter  and  the  longer 
it  had  shone,  the  more  gradual  would  be  the  decay  of 
that  light,  and  warmth  which  it  had  left  behind  it.  But 
everywhere  there  would  be  the  sad  tokens  of  a  depart- 
ed glory  and  of  a  coming  night.  Twilight  might  be 
protracted  through  the  course  of  many  generations,  and 
still  our  ifhhappy  race  might  be  able  to  read,  though 
dimly,  many  of  the  wonders  of  the  eternal  godhead, 
and  to  wind  a  dubious  way  through  the  perils  of  the 
wilderness.  But  it  would  be  twilight  still ;  shade  would 
thicken  after  shade  ;  every  preceding  age  would  come, 
wrapped  in  a  deeper  and  a  deeper  gloom  ; — till  at  last^ 
that  flood  of  glory  which  the  Gospel  is  now  pouring  up- 
on the  world,  would  be  lost  and  buried  in  impenetrable 
darkness. 


LESSON  XLIV. 
Influence  of  Hope. — CAMPBELL. 

Unfading  hope  !  when  life's  last  embers  burn, 
When  soul  to  soul,  and  dust  to  dust  return  ! 
Heav'n  to  thy  charge  resigns  the  awful  hour ! 
Oh  !  then,  thy  kingdom  comes  !  Immortal  Power  ? 
What  though  each  spark  of  earth-born  rapture  fly 
The  quivering  lip,  pale  cheek,  and  closing  eye  ! 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  197 

Unavoidable,  from  avoid,  inevitable,  certain,  sure. 
-Glimpses,  faint  lights,  short  fleeting  enjoyments. 

Pagan  world.     How  large  a  part  of  the  world  is  no\r 
pagan  1  App. 

Degradation,  from  degrade,  debasement,  act  of  low- 
ering. 

Idolatry,  act  of  worshipping  anv   gods  but  the  True 
God. 

Emancipated,  delivered,  freed  from  slavery. 
-Retrograde,  backward,  going  back  ward,  go  backward. 

Retarded,  impeded,  made  slow,  hindered. 

Divinity.     What  persons  deny  the  divinity  of  the  Bi- 
ble? 

Source,  origin.     What  is  the  source  of  Revelation? 

Speculation,  inquiry,  abstract  thought,  questioning. 

Credulity,  easiness  of  belief,  liability  to  deception. 

Radiance,  brilliant  light.     What  does  this  denote? 

Gone  down.     What  is  Revelation  here  made  ? 

Gradual,  slow,  step  by  step,  by  degrees,  not  sudden. 

Decay,  diminution,  waning,  wasting. 

Night.     What  is  the  source  of  all  this  imagery  ? 

Protracted,  prolonged,  continued,  extended. 

Generations,  from  generate,  ages,  families. 

Wonders,  wonderful  works,  acts  of  mighty  power. 

Godhead,  Divine  majesty,  Supreme  God. 

Wilderness.     What  would  this    world  become,  if  the 
Bible  were  gone  ? 

.Wrapped,  covered,  concealed,  shrouded. 

Flood  of  glory.     Why  likened  to  a.  flood  ? 

Impenetrable,  from  penetrate,  the  thickest,  what  can- 
not be  penetrated. 

Darkness.     Are  those  parts  of  the  world  still  dark, 
which  have  not  the  Bible  ? 

Embers,  ashes  not  yet  extinguished.     Life's  last  em- 
bers, when  life  is  expiring. 

Soul  to  soul,  he  was  gathered  unto  his  people,   Gen. 
25:  8.— Dust  to  dust,  Gen.  3  :  19. 

Thy  kingdom  comes,  thy  all  supporting  influence  is 
felt. 

Earthborn  rapture,  delight  arising  from   earthly  ob- 
jects. 

Fir,  forsake,  leave,  escape  from. 
17* 


108"  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Bright  to  the  soul  thy  seraph  hands  convey 
The  morning  dream  of  life's  eternal  day- 
Then,  then,  the  triumph  ami  the  trance  begin  ! 
And  all  the  Phoenix  spirit  burns  within  ! 

Oh  !  deep-enchanting  prelude  to  repose, 
The  dawn  of  bliss,  the  twilight  of  our  woes  ! 
Yet  half  I  hear  the  parting  spirit  sigh, 
It  is  a  dread  and  awful  thing  to  die  ! 
Mysterious  worlds,  untravell'd  by  the  sun  ! 
Where  Time's  far  waad'ring  tide  has  never  run, 
From  your  unfathorn'd  shades,  and  viewless  sphere*? 
A  warning  comes,  unheard  by  other  ears. 
'Tis  Heav'n's  commanding  trumpet,  long  and  loud, 
Like  Sinai's  thunder,  pealing  from  the  cloud  I 
While  Nature  hears,  with  terror-mingled  trust. 
The  shock  that  hurls  her  fabric  to  the  dust  ; 
And,  like  the  trembling  Hebrew,  when  he  trod 
The  roaring  waves,  and  call'd  upon  his  God, 
With  mortal  terrors  clouds  immortal  bliss, 
And  shrieks,  and  hovers  o'er  the  dark  abyss  ! 

Daughter  of  Faith,  awake,  arise,  illume 
The  dread  unknown,  the  chaos  of  the  tomb  ! 
Melt,  and  dispel,  ye  spectre-doubts,  that  roll 
Cimmerian  darkness  on  the  parting  soul ! 
Fly,  like  the  moon-ey'd  herald  of  dismay, 
.  Chas'd  on  his  night-steed  by  the  star  of  day  ! 
The  strife  is  o'er — the  pangs  of  nature  close, 
And  life's  last  rapture  triumphs  o'er  her  woes. 
Hark !  as  the  spirit  eyes,  with  eagle  gaze, 
The  noon  of  Heav'n  undazzled  by  the  blaze, 
On  Heav'nly  winds  that  waft  her  to  the  sky, 
Float  the  sweet  tones  of  star-born  melody ; 
Wild  as  that  hallow'd  anthem  sent  to  hail 
Bethlehem's  shepherds  in  the  lonely  vale, 
When  Jordan  hush'd  his  waves,  and  midnight  still 
Watch'd  on  the  holy  tow'rs  of  Zion  hill ! 

Soul  of  the  just !  companion  of  the  dead  ! 
Where  is  thy  home,  and  whither  artthou  fled  ? 
Back  to  its  heav'nly  source  thy  being  goes, 
Swift  as  the  comet  wheels  to  whence  he  rose ; 
Doom'd  on  his  airy  path  awhile  to  burn, 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  199 

Seraph,  seraphic,  like  a  seraph.  By  what  figure  are 
hands  ascribed  to  hope  1 

Morning  dream,  vision,  foretaste,  anticipation. 

Trance,  ecstacy,  the  soul  is  rapt  into  visions  of  fu- 
turity. 

Phoenix  spirit,  spirit  revived  arid  acting  with  increas- 
ed vigor.  Pkenix,  the  hird  which  is  supposed  to 
exist  single,  and  to  rise  again  from  its  own  ashes. 

Worlds.  What  worlds  will  these  characteristics  suit '? 
What  single  word  is  often  applied  to  them,  which 
excludes  the  idea  of  measured  duration? 

Shades.      What  world    does    this   word   designate  ? 

Trumpet,  the  summons  which  calls  one  hence,  with 
the  attending  circumstances  and  prospects. 

Sinai's  thunder.     See  Exodus,  XIX.  16 — 19. 

Terror-mingled  trust,  trust  mingled  with  terror. 

Fabric,  the   human   body,   any   building   or   edifice. 

Trembling  Hebrew.  Who  is  meant  ?  See  Matt.  14: 
28—33. 

Shrieks  and  hovers.  Have  you  witnessed  the  scene 
here  described  1  What  is  meant  by  abyss  1 

.Daughter  of  faith.  What  is  meant  1  Is  faith  the  pa- 
rent of  all  the  Christian  graces  1 

.Spectre,  apparition,  used  of  the  re-appearance  of  the 
dead,  whether  real  or  imaginary,  and  applied  to 
doubts,  on  account  of  the  similarity  in  effect. 

.Cimmerian,  gloomy,  infernal;  from  Cimrnerii,  plun- 
derers who  lived  in  caves. 

Moon-eyed,  dim-eyed,  having  eyes  affected  by  the 
moon. 

Herald  of  dismay.  What  superstitious  notion  is  here 
recognized  ? 

Steed,  a  horse  for  s *ate  or  war.  Why  are  any  of  the 
heavenly  bodies  represented  as  borne  by  steeds  ? 

Star-born,  of  celestial  origin. 

Anthem  sent  to  hail.     See  Luke  ii.  8 — 14. 

Jordan.  Where  is  this  river  ?  What  is  its  course  ? 
What  circumstances  made  it  memorable  in  sacred 
history  ? 

Soul  of  the  just.  What  figure  is  here  employed  T 
What  is  meant  by  the  dead  ? 

Back  to.  its  heavenly  source.     See  Eccl.  xii.  7. 


200  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

And  doom'd,  like  thee,  to  travel,  and  return. — 
Hark  !  from  the  world's  exploding  centre  driv'n, 
With  sounds  that  shook  the  firmament  of  Heav'n, 
Careers  the  fiery  giant,  fast  and  far, 
On  bick'ring  wheels,  and  adamantine  car  ; 
From  planet  whirl'd  to  planet  more  remote, 
He  visits  realms  beyond  the  reach  of  thought ; 
But,  wheeling  homeward,  when  his  course  is  run, 
Curbs  the  red  yoke,  and  mingles  with  the  sun  I 
So  hath  the  traveller  of  earth  uiifurFd 
Her  trembling  wings,  emerging  from  the  world  : 
And  o'er  the  path  by  mortal  never  trod, 
Sprung  to  her  source,  the  bosom  of  her  God! 

Cease  every  joy  to  glimmer  on  my  mind, 
But  leave — oh  !  leave  the  light  of  Hope  behind  ! 
What  though  my  winged  hours  of  bliss  have  been, 
Like  angel-visits,  few,  and  far  between  ! 
Her  musing  mood  shall  every  pang  appease, 
And  charm — when  pleasures  lose  the  power  to  please  ! 

Eternal  Hope  !  when  yonder  spheres  sublime 
Peal'd  their  first  notes  to  sound  the  march  of  Time, 
Thy  joyous  youth  began — but  not  to  fade. — 
When  all  the  sister  planets  have  decay'd  ; 
When  rapt  in  fire  the  realms  .of  ether  glow, 
And  Heaven's  last  thunder  shakes  the  world  below  : 
Thou,  imdismay'd,  shalt  o'er  the  ruins  smile, 
And   light  thy  torch  at  Nature's  funeral  pile  ! 


LESSON  XLV. 

The  bounty  of  God  in  the  vegetabh  kingdom* — BARROW'S* 
VOYAGES. 

It  was  curious  to  observe  that  the  greatest  part  of  the 
plants,  found  on  these  islands  [St.  Paul  and  Amsterdam 
in  the  Indian  ocean]  were  products  of  Europe.  The 
question  very  naturally  occurred,  how  any  plant  Euro- 
pean or  Indian,  should  first  have  been  brought  upon  two 
little  specks  of  land  in  the  middle  of  the  ocean,  at  the 
distance  of  two  thousand  miles  from  the  nearest  shore. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  201 

Exploding,  bursting  or  driving  out  with  noise. 

.Firmament,  sky,  natural  heavens. 

Careers,  moves  with  a  swift  motion.  Fiery  giant, 
comet. 

Bickering,  quivering,  playing  backward  and  forward. 

.Adamantine,  ad-a-inan'tin,  hard,  impenetrable.  Car, 
chariot. 

Curbs,  guides,  restrains,  checks.  Mingles  with,  is  lost 
in,  vanishes,  is  absorbed  by. 

Traveller  of  earth,  the  soul  of  man.  Unfurled,  open- 
ed, spread,  unfolded. 

Emerging,  rising  out  of  that  by  which  it  was  covered, 
mounting. 

Path  by  mortal  never  trod.  "  No  man  hath  seen  God 
at  any  time."  John  i.  IS. — "  There  shall  no  man 
see  me  and  live."  Exod.  xxxiii.  20. 

Glimmer,  shine  faintly,  imperfect  light. 

-Light,  comfort,  sustaining  power,  cheering  influence. 

Winged,  swiftly  fleeting,  having  wings. 

Musing  mood,  a  state  in  which  one  ponders  in  silence. 

Appease,  soothe,  pacify,  quiet. 

Pealed  their  first  notes.     See  Job  xxxviii.  7. 

But  not  to  fade.  How  is  this  reconciled  with  1  Cor. 
xiii.  13  ;  and  Rom.  viii.  24  ? 

Sister  planets.     What  is  meant  by  them  1 

Rapt  in  fire.     See  2  Pet.  iii.  10. 

Heaven's  last  thunder.  See  1  Thess.  iv.  16 ;  John 
v.  28. 

Undismayed,  not  depressed  with  fear. 

Light  thy  torch,  become  brighter  and  stronger. 
Though  the  hope  of  a  soul  received  to  heaven  is 
"  changed  to  vision,"  it  will  not  follow  that  there  is 
not  a  "  far  more  exceeding  and  eternal  weight  of 
glory"  still  in  prospect. 

Vegetable,  relating  to  plants. 

Kingdom,  one  of  the  divisions  of  the  material  world. 

-Curious,  matter  of  curiosity,  nice,  elegant,  inquisi- 
tive. 

Indian  Ocean.     Where  is  it  ? 

-Products,  avails,  fruits,  effects. 

Europe.  On  what  continent,  and  what  part  of  the 
continent  ? 


202  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Were  they  borne  on  the  wind,  wafted  on  the  waves,  or 
carried  by  the  fowls  of  the  air  ?  or  were  their  rudiments, 
after  lying  for  ages  dormant  in  the  bowels  of  the  earth, 
thrown  up,  by  the  agency  of  subterranean  fire,  into  a 
situation  favorable  for  vegetable  life  to  burst  forth  ? 

The  natural  historian  in  contemplating  facts  like 
these,  cannot  fail  to  be  most  forcibly  impressed  with  the 
wise  and  benevolent  designs  of  the  great  Author  of  the 
universe,  which  are  so  apparent  in  all  the  works  of  the 
creation,  and  in  none  more  so  than  in  the  providential 
means  He  has  thought  fit  to  emply  for  the  wide  dissem- 
ination of  plants.  Some  he  will  perceive  to  be  suppli- 
ed with  such  multitudes  of  seeds,  others  so  completely 
protected  against  injuries,  some  so  amply  provided  with 
hooks  to  hold  with,  and  others  with  feathers  to  bear 
them, through  the  air,  that  by  the  assistance  of  the  wind, 
rain,  rivers,  birds,  and  insects,  a  single  pair  of  plants  of 
every  species,  according  to  the  opinion  of  Linnaeus, 
growing  on  the  first  lit'tle  island,  that  may  be  supposed 
to  have  peeped  out  of  the  universe  of  waters,  will  be 
deemed  sufficient,  without  human  aid,  to  Stock  the 
whole  surface  of  the  globe. 


LESSON  XLVI. 

Conclusion  of  a  Discourse  delivered  at  Plymouth,  Mass. 
Dec.  22,  1820,  in  commemoration  of  the  Jirst  settlement 
in  New  England. — WEBSTER. 

Let  us  not  forget  the  religious  character  of  our  origin. 
Our  fathers  were  brought  hither  by  their  high  venera- 
tion for  the  Christian  religion.  They  journeyed  in  its 
light  and  labored  for  its  hope.  They  sought  to  incor- 
porate its  principles  with  the  elements  of  their  society, 
and  to  diffuse  its  influence  through  all  their  institutions, 
civil,  political,  and  literary.  Let  us  cherish  these  sen- 
timents, and  extend  their  influence  still  more  widely ; 
in  the  full  conviction  that  that  is  the  happiest  society 
which  partakes  in  the  highest,  degree  of  the  mild  and 
peaceable  spirit  of  Christianity. 

The  hours  of  this  day  are  rapidly  flying,  and  this  oc- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  303 

European,  yu-ro-pe'an,  belonging  to  Europe. 
.Specks,  spots,  small  discolorations. 
Nearest  shore.     What  shore  is  nearest  ?     See  map. 
Wafted,  carried  through  the  air,  or  the  water,  floated. 
Rudiments,  first  principles,  first  unshapen  beginning. 
Dormant,  asleep,  inactive,  still. 
Subterranean,  under  ground,  sub-ter-ra/ne-an. 
-Burst  forth,  spring  up,  gush  out,  rim  violently. 
Natural  historian,  one  who  describes  the  works  of 

nature. 

Contemplating,  kon-tem'plate-ing. 
-Impressed,  affected,  printed  by  pressure. 
Designs,  intentions,  purposes,  schemes. 
Apparent,  ap-pa/rent,  manifest,  visible. 
Providential,   from  provide,   effected  by  Providence, 

merciful. 

Dissemination,  diffusion,  act  of  scattering  seeds. 
Spell  perceive,  feathers,  completely. 
Protected,  defended,  secured,  guarded. 
Amply,  abundantly,  sufficiently,  richly,  opulently. 
Through  the  air.  Can  you  explain  the  reason  of  birds' 

rising  in  air  ? 
Insects,  so  named,  from  a  separation  in  the  middle  of 

their  bodies. 
-Species,  sort,   subdivision  of  a  general  term,   show, 

exhibition. 

Linnaeus.     Who  was  he  ?     See  App. 
-Peeped,  made  the  first  appearance,  looked  slyly. 
Deemed,  thought,  judged,  considered. 
Surface,  superficies,  outside. 
Globe.     Why  is  the  earth  called  a  globe  ? 
Plymouth.     What    circumstance   renders   Plymouth 

famous  ?     App. 

Commemoration,  an  act  of  public  celebration. 
What  are  the  first  settlers  now  called  ? 
.Origin,  beginning,  ancestry. 
Veneration,  regard,  value. 
Our  Fathers.     Whence  did  they  come  before  landing 

at  Plymouth  1 

Incorporate,  embody,  unite  into  one  mass. 
Elements,  beginnings,  first  principles. 
Sentiments,  principles,  feelings,  opinions. 


204  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

casion  will  soon  be  passed.  Neither  we  nor  our  chil- 
dren can  expect  to  behold  its  return.  They  are  in  the 
distant  regions  of  futurity,  they  exist  only  in  the  all  cre- 
ating power  of  God,  who  shall  stand  here,  a  hundred 
years  hence,  to  trace,  through  us,  their  descent  from 
the  pilgrims,  and  to  survey,  as  we  have  now  surveyed, 
the  progress  of  their  country  during  the  lapse  of  a  cen- 
tury. We  would  anticipate  their  concurrence  with  us 
in  our  sentiments  of  deep  regard  for  our  common  ances- 
tors. We  would  anticipate  and  partake  the  pleasure 
with  which  they  will  recount  the  steps  of  New  Eng- 
land's advancements.  On  the  morning  of  that  day,  al- 
though it  will  not  disturb  us  in  our  repose,  the  voice  of 
acclamation  and  gratitude,  commencing  on  the  rock  of 
Plymouth,  shall  he  transmitted  through  millions  of  the 
sons  of  the  pilgrims,  till  it  loses  itself  in  the  murmurs  of 
the  Pacific  seas. 

We  would  leave,  for  the  consideration  of  those  who 
shall  then  occupy  our  places,  some  proof  that  we  hold 
the  blessings  transmitted  from  our  fathers  in  just  esti- 
mation ;  some  proof  of  our  attachment  to  the  cause  of 
good  government,  and  of  civil  and  religious  liberty ; 
some  proof  of  sincere  and  ardent,  desire  to  promote  ev- 
ery thing  which  may  enlarge  the  understandings  and 
improve  the  hearts  of  men.  And  when  from  the  long 
distance  of  a  hundred  years,  they  shall  look  back  upon 
us,  they  shall  know,  at  least,  that  we  possessed  affections, 
which  running  backward,  and  warming  with  gratitude 
for  what  our  ancestors  have  done  for  our  happiness,  run 
forward  also  to  our  posterity,  and  meet  them  with  cor- 
dial salutations  ere  yet  they  have  arrived  on  the  shore 
of  being. 

Advance,  then,  ye  future  generations  !  We  would 
hail  you,  as  you  rise  in  your  long  succession,  to  fill  the 
places  which  we  now  fill,  and  to  taste  the  blessings  of 
existence  where  we  are  passing,  and  soon  shall  have 
passed,  our  human  duration.  We  bid  you  welcome  to 
this  pleasant  land  of  the  fathers.  We  bid  you  welcome 
to  the  healthful  skies,  and  the  verdant  fields,  of  New- 
England.  W'e  greet  your  accession  to  the  great  inher- 
itance which  we  have  enjoyed.  We  welcome  you  to  the 
blessings  of  good  government,  and  religious  liberty. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  205 

Occasion.     How  soon  will  a  similar  occasion  return  1 

Peaceable,  from  peace. 

Regions,  realms,  countries. 

Futurity,  time  to  come  ;  from  future. 

Trace,  follow  by  the  footsteps,  mark. 

Pilgrims.     Why  are  our  fathers  called  pilgrims  ? 

Progress,    prog'  gress,    passage,    advancement,   im- 
provement. 

.Lapse,  fall,  slide,  gliding  away. 

•Concurrence,  union,  conjunction  ;  from  concur. 

Common,  ordinary,  cheap,  equally  connected. 

Steps.  Mention  the  source  of  this  figure. 

That  day.     What  day  is  intended  ? 

Our  repose.     What  repose  will  this  be  ? 

Acclamation,  shouts  of  applause  ;  from  acclaim. 

Transmitted,  carried,  borne  over,  sent  across. 

Pacific  seas.     Where  are  these  seas  1 

Consideration,  regard,  contemplation,  value. 

Occupy  our  places,  live  after  us. 

Attachment,  adherence  ;  from  attach. 
-Civil,  political,   relating  to  the   community,  gentle, 
grave. 

Religious  liberty,    right  of  worshipping  God  as  con- 
science dictates. 

Hearts,  moral  faculties  in  distinction  from  intellec- 
tual. 

Long  distance.     How  is  time  here  represented  1 

.Estimation,  from  estimate. 

Affections.     Do  they  belong  to  the  heart  or  the  under- 
standing? 

Ancestors.     From  what  country  did  they  come  ? 

Posterity.     Why  is  posterity  said  to  be  forward  ? 
-Cordial,  kor'  je-al,  sincere,  hearty,  reviving. 

Ere,  are,  used  for  before  in  poetry  and  impassioned 
prose. 

Ye  future  generations.     What  is  this  figure  called  1 

Succession,  series  of  persons  one  following  another  ; 
from  succeed. 

Salutation,  from  salute,  greeting. 

Human  duration,  mortal  life. 

Land  of  the  fathers.     What  land  is  this. 

Verdant,  green  like  the  grass. 
18 


206  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

We  welcome  you  to  the  treasures  of  science  and  the  de- 
lights of  learning.  We  welcome  you  to  the  transcend- 
ent sweets  of  domestic  life,  to  the  happiness  of  kindred, 
and  parents,  and  children.  We  welcome  you  to  the  im- 
measurable blessings  of  rational  existence,  the  immor- 
tal hope  of  Christianity,  and  the  light  of  everlasting 
Truth ! 


LESSON  XL VII. 
Effects  and  Influence  of  War. — CHANNING. 

Repair,  my  friends,  in  thought,  to  the  field  of  recent 
battle.  Here  are  heaps  of  slain,  weltering  in  their  own 
blood,  their  bodies  mangled,  their  limbs  shattered,  and 
in  many  a  form  and  countenance,  not  a  vestige  left  of 
their  former  selves.  Here  are  multitudes  trodden  under 
foot,  and  the  war  horse  has  left  the  trace  of  his  hoof  on 
many  a  mutilated  frame. 

Here  are  severer  sufferers  ;  they  live,  but  live  without 
hope  or  consolation.  Justice  dispatches  the  criminal 
with  a  single  stroke  ;  but  the  victims  of  war  falling  by 
casual,  undirected  blows,  often  expire  in  lingering  ago- 
ny— their  deep  groans  applying  in  vain  for  compassion, 
their  limbs  writhing  with  pain  on  the  earth,  their  lips 
parched  with  a  burning  thirst,  their  wounds  open  to  the 
chilling  air,  the  memory  of  tender  relatives  rushing  on 
their  minds,  but  not  an  accent  of  comfort  reaching  their 
ears. 

Amidst  this  scene  of  horror,  you  see  the  bird  and 
beast  of  prey,  drinking  the  blood  of  the  dead,  and  with 
merciful  cruelty,  ending  the  struggles  of  the  dying  :  and 
still  more  melancholy  !  you  see  human  plunderers,  be- 
reft of  all  human  sympathy,  turning  a  deaf  ear  on  the 
wounded,  and  rifling  the  warm,  and  almost  palpitating 
remains  of  the  slain. 

If  you  extend  your  eye  beyond  the  immediate  field  of 
battle,  and  follow  the  track  of  the  pursuing  and  victori- 
ous army,  you  see  the  roads  strewed  with  dead  ;  you  see 
scattered  flocks,  and  harvests  trampled  under  foot ;  the 
smoking  ruins  of  cottages,  and  the  miserable  inhabi- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  207 

New  England.     What  states  does  it  contain  ? 
-Accession,  act  of  coming,  enlargement;  from  accede. 
Greet,  hail,  welcome. 
Great  inheritance.     Describe  what  this  is. 
Transcendent,  excellent,  passing  others. 
Domestic,  family,  private,  relating  to  the  house. 
.Immeasurable,  immense,  indefinitely  extensive. 
Immortal  hope,  hope  of  immortality. 
Light  of  everlasting  Truth.     Whence  does  this  light 

shine. 

-Repair,  withdraw,  retire,  mend,  refit,  form  anew. 
Weltering,  rolling,  covered  over,  dripping. 
Mangled,  torn  in  pieces,  lacerated,  bruised. 
-Vestige,  footstep,  mark,  track,  trace. 
War-horse,  horse  trained  for  battle. 
Mutilated,  cut  in  pieces,  parted  asunder. 
-Frame,  build,  erect,  system,  body. 
Severer  sufferers.     Who  are  intended  by  these  ? 
-Dispatches,  executes,  destroys,  perishes,  papers  of 

intelligence. 

Casual,  incidental,  happening  by  chance. 
-Lingering,  remaining,  long  enduring,  extended. 
Writhing,  twisting,  wresting,  distorted. 
Parched,  dried  up,  scorched,  dry  by  heat. 
Thirst.     To  what  is  thirst  here  likened  ? 
Relatives,  kindred,  of  the  same  family. 
-Accent,  sound,  word,  manner  of  pronunciation  ;  note 

the  mark. 

Bird  and  beast  of  prey.     What  creatures  are  these  f 
Merciful  cruelty.     Why  is  it  so  called  ? 
-Strugules,  makes  a  violent  eifort,  agonies,   writhings 

of  the  body. 

Plunderers,  robbers,  those  who  seize  the  booty. 
Rifling,  pillaging,  stealing,  pilfering,  making  prey  of. 
Palpitating,  fluttering,  beating  like  the  heart,  moving 

with  life. 

Remains,  bodies,  corpses,  continues,  remnants. 
Beyond.     What  places  are  intended  ? 
-Track,  course,  path,  footstep,  follow  one's  steps. 
Strewed,  scattered  over,  sprinkled,  abounding. 
Harvests  trampled  under   foot.     By  what  was  thii 

done  ? 


SEQUEL  TO  THE 

tants,  flying   in  want  and  despair;  and  even  yet,   the 
horrors  of  a  single  battle  are  not  exhausted. 

Some  of  the  deepest  pangs,  which  it  inflicts,  are  si- 
lent, retired,  enduring,  to  be  read  in  the  countenance  of 
the  widow,  in  the  unprotected  orphan,  in  the  aged  pa- 
rent, in  affection  cherishing  the  memory  of  the  slain, 
and  weeping  that  it  could  not  administer  to  their  last 
pangs. 

There  are  more  secret  influences,  which,  while  they 
appeal  less  powerfully  to  the  senses  and  imagination, 
will  deeply  affect  a  reflecting  and  benevolent  mind. 

Consider,  first,  the  condition  of  those  who  are  enga- 
ged in  war.  The  sufferings  of  soldiers  from  battle  we 
have  seen  ;  but  their  sufferings  are  not  limited  to  the  pe- 
riod of  conflict.  The  whole  war  is  a  succession  of  ex- 
posure too  severe  for  human  nature.  Death  employs 
other  weapons  than  the  sword.  It  is  computed,  that  in 
ordinary  wars,  greater  numbers  perish  by  sickness  than 
in  battle.  Exhausted  by  long  and  rapid  marches,  by  un- 
wholesome food,  by  exposure  to  storms,  by  excessive  la- 
bor under  a  burning  sky  througS  the  day,  and  by  inter- 
rupted and  restless  sleep  on  the  damp  ground,  and  un- 
der the  chilling  atmosphere  of  night,  thousands  after 
thousands  of  the  young  pine  away  and  die. 

They  anticipated  that  they  should  fall,  if  to  fall  should 
be  their  lot,  in  what  they  call  the  field  of  honor ;  but 
they  perish  in  the  inglorious  and  crowded  hospital,  sur- 
rounded with  woe,  far  from  home  and  every  friend,  and 
denied  those  tender  offices  which  sickness  and  expiring- 
nature  require. 

But  do  not  stop  here.  Consider  the  influence  of  war 
on  the  character  of  these  unhappy  men.  Their  trade  is 
butchering,  their  business  destruction.  They  hire  them- 
selves for  slaughter,  place  themselves  servile  instru- 
ments, passive  machines,  in  the  hands  of  unprincipled 
rulers,  to  execute  the  bloodiest  mandates,  without  re- 
flection, without  mercy,  without  a  thought  on  the  justice 
of  the  cause  in  which  they  are  engaged.  What  a  school 
is  this  for  the  human  character  !  From  men  trained  in 
battle,  to  ferocity  and  carnage,  accustomed  to  the  per- 
petration of  cruel  deeds,  accustomed  to  take  human  life 
without  sorrow  and  remorse,  habituated  to  esteem  ar> 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  209 

Smoking  ruins.     What  does  this  denote  ? 

-Despair,  hopelessness,  despondency,  resign  all  hope. 

Exhausted,  wearied,  drawn  dry,  all  mentioned. 

Inflicts,  produces,  occasions,  causes,  makes. 

-Enduring,  suffering,  bearing,  lasting. 

Unprotected,  helpless,  abandoned;  from  protect. 

Orphan.     What  children  are  called  orphans  ? 

Administer,  carry  aid.  officiate,  do  the  duty  of  an  at- 
tendant. 

Last  pangs.     When  were  these  pangs  felt  ? 

Appeal,  carry  interest,  refer  to  another,  application 
for  justice. 

Senses,  feelings.     How  many  senses  are  there  ? 

Engaged.     What  persons  usually  engage  in  war  1 

Limited,  confined,  bounded,  unextended. 

Conflict,  battle,  fight,  engagement. 

Death.     Is  death  personified  here  1 

Then  the  sword.     What  other  instruments  can  be 
used  ? 

Computed,  calculated,  reckoned,  ascertained. 

-Ordinary,  common,  unbecoming,  homely,  usual. 

Burning  sky.  In  what  part  of  the  world  is  this  known  ? 

Atmosphere,  air,  breath  which  we  inhale. 

Thousands.     Is  this  intended  for  an  exact  number  ? 

Anticipated,  expected,  indulged  the  hope. 

Field  of  honor.    Js  this  a  worthy  motive  for  fighting? 

Inglorious,  shameful,  dishonorable,  without  glory. 

Hospital,  place  for  sick  soldiers. 

-Offices,  acts  of  kindness,  honors,  duties. 

Expiring  nature,  last  struggles  of  life,  persons  dying. 

Influence,   persuade,   form,  direct,  direction,    power 
exerted. 

Character.     What  is  their  character  generally  1 

-Trade,  merchandize,  business,  traffic,  employment. 

Hire,  engage,  let  themselves  for  a  stipulated  sum.. 

Servile,  slavish,  base,  mean,  unmanly. 

Mandates,  decrees,  orders,  purposes,  schemes. 

Ferocity,  cruelty,  fierceness,  inhumanity. 

Carnage,  slaughter,  bloodshed,  devastation. 

Perpetration,  commission,  execration,  doing. 

-Take,  receive,  possess,  destroy,  put  an  end  to. 

Habituated,  accustomed,  having  learnt  by  practice. 
18* 


SEQUEL  TO  THE 

unthinking  courage  a  substitute  for  every  virtue,  encour- 
aged by  plunder  to  prodigality,  taught  improvidence  by 
perpetual  hazard  and  exposure,  restrained  only  by  an 
iron  discipline  which  is  withdrawn  in  peace,  and  unfit- 
ted by  the  restless  and  irregular  cares  of  war  for  the 
calm  and  uniform  pursuits  of  ordinary  life  ;  from  such 
men,  what  can  be  expected  but  hardness  of  heart,  prof- 
ligacy of  life,  contempt  of  the  restraints  of  society,  and 
of  the  authority  of  God  ? 

From  the  nature  of  his  calling,  the  soldier  is  almost 
driven  to  sport  with  the  thought  of  death,  to  defy  and 
deride  it,  and  of  course,  to  banish  the  thought  of  that 
judgment  to  which  it  leads  ;  and  of  all  men  the  most  ex- 
posed to  sudden  death,  he  is  too  often  of  all  men  the 
most  unprepared  to  appear  before  the  bar  of  God. 

The  influence  of  war  on  the  community  at  large,  on 
its  prosperity,  its  morals,  and  its  political  institutions, 
though  less  striking  than  on  the  soldiery,  is  yet  most 
baleful.  How  often  is  a  community  impoverished  to  sus- 
tain a  war  in  which  it  has  no  interest !  Public  burdens 
are  aggravated,  whilst  the  means  of  sustaining  them 
are  reduced. 

Internal  improvements  are  neglected.  The  revenue 
of  the  state  is  exhausted  in  military  establishments,  or 
flowrs  through  secret  channels  into  the  coffers  of  corrupt 
men,  whom  war  exalts  to  power  and  office.  The  regu- 
lar employments  of  peace  are  disturbed. 

Industry  in  many  of  its  branches  is  suspended.  The 
laborer,  ground  with  want,  and  driven  to  despair  by  the 
clamor  of  his  suffering  family,  becomes  a  soldier  in  the 
cause  he  condemns,  and  thus  the  country  is  drained  of 
its  most  effective  population.  The  people  are  stripped 
and  reduced,  whilst  the  authors  of  war  retrench  not  a 
comfort,  and  often  fatten  on  the  spoils  and  woes  of  their 
country. 

But  the  influence  of  war  on  the  morals  of  society  is 
still  more  fatal.  The  suspension  of  industry  and  the 
pressure  of  want  multiply  vice.  Criminal  modes  of  sub- 
sistence are  the  resource  of  the  suffering.  Public  and 
private  credit  are  shaken.  Distrust  and  fear  take  place 
of  mutual  confidence.  Commerce  becomes  a  system  of 
stratagem  and  collusion  ;  and  the  principles  of  justice 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  21 1 

Prodigality,  wastefulness,  squandering ;  from  prodi- 
gal. 

Improvidence,  want  of  foresight,  carelessness,  neg- 
lect of  providing. 

Hazards,  perils,  adventures,,  perilous  acts. 

Iron  discipline,  severe  chastisement,  unfeeling  punish- 
ment. 

Career,  hurried  course,  rapid  going,  way. 

Profligacy,  abandoned  behavior,  wicked  conduct. 

Restraints  of  society.     What  are  these  restraints? 

Authority  of  God.     Where  is  this  made  known  ? 

Calling,  avocation,  pursuit,  employment,  speaking 
loudly. 

Deride,  make  a  mock  of,  trifle  with,  contemn. 

Judgment.    Are  not  thoughts  of  this  most  important  ? 

Unprepared.     Who  are  prepared  ? 

Bar  of  God.  Who  does  the  Bible  say  will  appear 
there  ? 

The  community,  society  in  general,  the  country. 

Morals.  Are  not  good  morals  necessary  to  prosper- 
ity ? 

Political  institutions,  systems  of  government,  branch- 
es of  legislation. 

Baleful,  deleterious,  poisonous,  destructive. 

Impoverished,  made  poor,  reduced  to  poverty. 

Aggravated,  made  heavy,  increased,  enhanced. 

Means.     What  are  these  means  ? 

Internal,  domestic,  relating  to  one's  own  country. 

.Revenue,  income,  annual  profits  to  the  state, 

Military,  warlike,  belonging  to  soldier?. 

Corrupt.     Why  are  corrupt  men  exalted  in  war? 

Employments  of  peace.     What  are  these  ? 

-Suspended,  hung  up,  interrupted,  caused  to  stop. 

-Ground,  earth,  soil,  harassed,  oppressed. 

Clamor,  outcry,  noise,  vociferation. 

Drained.     Explain  the  figure  here  used. 

Effective,  powerful,  influential ;  from  what  derived  / 

Population,  inhabitants,  people. 

Retrench,  cut  off,  reduce,  confine. 

.Spoils,  booty,  prey,  what. is  plundered. 

Morals.  Are  not  virtuous  habits  most  important  to 
society  ? 


SEQUEL  TO  THE 

receive  a  shock  which  many  years  of  peace  are  not  able 
to  repair. 


LESSON  XLVIII. 

Charity  :  A  Paraphrase. — PRIOR. 

Did  sweeter  sounds  adorn  my  flowing  tongue, 
Than  ever  man  pronounc'd,  or  angel  sung  : 
Had  I  all  knowledge,  human  and  divine, 
That  thought  can  reach,  or  science  can  define, 
And  had  I  power  to  give  that  knowledge  birth, 
In  all  the  speeches  of  the  babbling  earth  : 
Did  Shadrach's  zeal  my  glowing  breast  inspire, 
To  weary  tortures,  and  rejoice  in  fire  : 
Or  had  I  faith  like  that  which  Israel  saw, 
When  Moses  gave  them  miracles,  and  law  : 
Yet,  gracious  charity,  indulgent  guest, 
Were  not  thy  pow'r  exerted  in  my  breast  : 
Those  speeches  would  send  up  unheeded  pray'r  : 
That  scorn  of  life  would  be  but  wild  despair  : 
A  tymbal's  sound  were  better  than  my  voice  : 
My  faith  were  form  :  my  eloquence  were  noise. 

Charity,  decent,  modest,  easy,  kind, 
Softens  the  high,  and  rears  the  abject  mind  : 
Knows  with  just  reins,  and  gentle  hand  to  guide, 
Betwixt  vile  shame,  and  arbitrary  pride. 
Not  soon  provok'd,  she  easily  forgives  : 
And  much  she  suffers,  as  she  much  believes. 
Soft  peace  she  brings  wherc-ever  she  arrives  : 
She  builds  our  quiet,  as  she  forms  our  lives  : 
Lays  the  rough  paths  of  peevish  nature  ev'n  ; 
And  opens  in  each  heart  a  little  Heav'n. 

Each  other  gift,  which  God  on  man  bestows* 
Its  proper  bounds,  and  due  restriction  knows  ; 
To  one  fix't  purpose  dedicates  its  pow'r ; 
And  finishing  its  act,  exists  no  more. 
Thus,  in  obedience  to  what  Heav'n  decrees, 
Knowledge  shall  fail,  and  prophecy  shall  cease  : 
But  lasting  Charity's  more  ample  sway, 
Nor  bound  by  time,  nor  subject  to  decay, 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  213 

Suspension,  interruption,  cessasion,  hanging  up. 
Resource,  resort,  expedient,  subterfuge. 
-Credit,  belief,  trust,  confidence  reposed,  believe. 
.Stratagem,  artifice  in  war,  trick,  wicked  device. 
.Collusion,  deceitful  agreement,  false  bargaining. 
Principles  of  justice.     Can  you  tell  what  these  are  ? 
Paraphrase,  a  free  interpretation,  an  explanation  in 

many  words.     Of  what  is  this  piece  a  paraphrase  1 

See  1  Cor.  XIII. 

Flowing,  voluble,  eloquent,  copious,  fluent. 
Angel,  ane'  jel,  a  celestial  spirit  employed  by  God  in 

human  affairs. 

Change  human  and  divine,  into  nouns  ending  in  ty. 
Change  define  into  a  noun  ending  in  tion.  What  letter 

is  changed  ? 

Change  give  into  a  noun.     Which  is  the  primitive  1 
Babbling,  prattling  like  children,  talking  much,  talk- 
ing idly. 
Shadrach    Who  was  he  ?  and  what  was  done  to  \\irn  1 

See  Dan.  3d  Chap. 
Weary  tortures,  to  endure  them  till  they  who  inflict 

them  are  weary. 
Faith  like  that  which  Israel  saw,  the  effects  of  which 

they  saw. 

Guest,  one  entertained  by  another. 
Change  power  into  an  adjective. 
Scorn  of  life,  contempt  of  life. 
Tymbal,  tim'  bal,  a  kind  of  kettle  drum. 
Change  charity  into  an  adjective  ending  in  ble.   What 

letter  is  changed  ? 
Rears,  elevates,  exalts,  trains  up. 
Spell    reins,  he   holds   the   reins ; — reigns,   the   king 

reigns  in  righteousness  ; — rains,  the  clouds  thicken 

and  it  rains  fast. 

Rough,  ruf,  change  it  into  a  noun. 
Peevish,  hard  to  please,  fretful,  petulant,  waspish. 
Change  dedicates  into  an  adjective  ending  in  ry. 
Change  exists  into  a  noun.     What  is  its  termination  1 
Change  obedience  into  an  adjective, — into  a  verb. 
Add  ure  to  fail ;  what  part  of  speech  is  it  ? 
Clmnge  ample  into  nouns  having  the   termination?, 

ness,  tion,  er,  tude  ;— into  verbs  ending  with  ate,  cate, 

fy- 


214  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

In  happy  triumph  shall  forever  live, 

And  endless  good  diffuse,  and  endless  praise  receive. 

As  thro'  the  artist's  intervening  glass, 
Our  eye  observes  the  distant  planets  pass  ; 
A  little  we  discover  ;  but  allow, 
That  more  remains  unseen,  than  art  can  show  : 
So  whilst  our  mind  its  knowledge  would  improve  ; 
(Its  feeble  eye  intent  on  things  above) 
High  as  we  may,  we  lift  our  reason  up, 
By  Faith  directed,  and  confirm'd  by  Hope  ; 
Yet  are  we  able  only  to  survey 
Dawnings  of  beams,  and  promises  of  day. 
Heav'n's  fuller  effluence  mocks  our  dazzl'd  sight  ; 
Too  great  its  swiftness,  and  too  strong  its  light. 

But  soon  the  mediate  clouds  shall  be  dispell'd  : 
The  sun  shall  soon  be  face  to  face  beheld, 
In  all  his  robes,  with  all  his  glory  on, 
Seated  sublime  on  his  meridian  throne. 

Then  constant  Faith,  and  holy  Hope  shall  die* 
One  lost  in  certainty,  and  one  in  joy  : 
Whilst  thou,  more  happy  pow'r,  fair  Charity, 
Triumphant  sister  greatest  of  the  three, 
Thy  office,  and  thy  nature  still  the  same, 
Lasting  thy  lamp,  and  unconsum'd  thy  flame, 

Shalt  still  survive 

Shalt  stand  before  the  host  of  Heav'n  confest, 
For  ever  blessing,  and  for  ever  blest. 


LESSON  XLIX. 

The  Slave  Trade. — WORCESTER. 

The  African  slave  trade  was  commenced  by  the  Por- 
tuguese in  the  latter  part  of  the  15th  century  ;  the  Span- 
ish, English,  French,  and  other  maritime  powers  of 
Europe,  soon  followed  the  example,  and  established  fac- 
tories on  various  parts  of  the  African  coast,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  collecting  slaves.  The  number  of  these  unhappy 
beings,  annually  forced  away,  from  their  native  shore, 
has  in  some  years,  exceeded  100,000. 

The  slaves  are  divided  by   Mr.  Clarkson   into  seven 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  215 

To  triumph  add  ant,  and,  to  this  ly ;  what  part  of 
speech  is  each  ? 

Intervening,  coming  between,  intermediate. 

Observes.     What  nouns  can  you  form  from  this  verb  ? 

Change  knowledge  into  a  verb  ; — improve  into  a  noun  ; 

Change  feeble  into  a  noun  ; — into  an  adverb.  Do  the 
same  with  intent. 

What  added  to  high  will  make  it  a  noun  1 — What  an 
adverb  1 

What  noun  ending  with  ty  may  be  formed  from  able  1 

.Effluence,  that  which  issues,  or  flows  out. 

Change  swiftness  into  an  adjective. — Strong  into  a 
noun. 

Mediate,  interposing. 

WThat  adjective  can  you  form  from  glory  1  what  ad- 
verb from  this  adjective  ?  What  adverb  from  sub- 
lime 1  What  noun  ? 

Spell  throne,  seated  on  his  throne  ; — thrown,  on  leav- 
ing the  door  he  was  thrown  prostrate. 

Change  constant  into  a  noun, — holy  into  a  noun.  What 
is  added  1  What  letter  is  changed  1 

From  what  adjective  is  certainty  derived  ? 

In  forming  a  noun  from  happy,  what  letter  would  you 
change  1 

What  letters  removed  from  triumphant  will  make  it  a 
noun  ? 

By  what  change  and  addition  may  office  be  rendered 
an  adjective  7  another  adjective  ?  a  noun  ? 

Change  lasting  into  a  verb  ; — survive  into  a  noun  ; — 
confessed  into  a  noun  ; — blessing  into  a  verb. 


.Portuguese.     In  what  part  of  Europe  is  Portugal  ? 
15th  Century,  of  what?     What  is  the  current  cen- 
tury 7 

English,  ing'gllsh,  people  of  England. 
Maritime,  sea-faring,  naval,  relating  to  tlie  sea. 
Factories,  houses  of  traders  in  a  foreign  land. 
Mr.  Glarkson.     Give  some  account  of  him.     App, 


216  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

classes.  The  most  considerable,  and  th  at  which  con- 
tained half  of  the  whole  number  transported,  consists  of 
kidnapped  people.  This  mode  of  procuring  them,  in- 
cludes every  species  of  injustice,  treachery,  and  cruelty. 
The  second  class  consists  of  those  whose  villages  are  set 
on  fire,  arid  depopulated,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining 
them.  The  third  class  comprises  those  who  have  been 
convicted  of  crimes  ;  the  fourth,  consists  of  prisoners  of 
war  ;  being  either  such  as  have  been  the  produce  of  wars 
that  originate  from  common  causes,  or  from  wars  made 
solely  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  them  ;  the  fifth,  such 
as  are  slaves  by  birth;  the  sixth  and  seventh,  such  as 
have  sacrificed  their  liberty  by  gaming  or  by  debt ;  these 
last,  however,  are  very  few  in  number. 

Having  lost  their  liberty  in  one  or  other  of  these  ways, 
they  are  conveyed  to  the  banks  of  the  rivers  or  to  the 
sea  coast ;  some  from  places  near,  others  from  afar, 
sometimes  even  from  the  distance  of  1000  miles.  Those 
that  come  from  a  distance,  over  land,  march  in  droves, 
or  caufles,  as  they  are  called.  They  are  secured  from 
running  away  by  pieces  of  wood,  which  attach  the  necks 
of  two  and  two  together  ;  or  by  other  pieces,  which  are 
fastened  by  staples  to  their  arms. 

When  the  slaves  are  conveyed  to  the  shore  and  sold, 
they  are  carried  in  boats  to  the  different  ships,  whose 
captains  have  purchased  them.  The  men  are  immedi- 
ately confined,  two  and  two  together,  either  by  the  neck, 
leg  or  arm,  with  fetters  of  solid  iron.  They  are  then 
put  into  their  apartments  ;  the  men  occupying  the  fore 
part,  the  women  the  after  part,  and  the  boys  the  middle. 
The  tops  of  these  apartments  are  grated  for  the  admis- 
sion of  light  and  air,  and  they  are  stowed  like  lumber. 

Many  of  them,  whilst  the  ships  are  waiting  for  a  full 
lading,  and  whilst  they  near  their  native  shore,  from 
which  they  are  separated  forever,  have  manifested  an 
appearance  of  extreme  depression  and  distress,  insomuch 
that  some  have  been  induced  to  commit  suicide,  and 
others  have  been  affected  with  delirium  and  madness. 

In  the  day  time,  if  the  weather  is  good,  they  are  brought 
upon  deck  for  air.  They  are  placed  in  a  long  row  of 
two  and  two  together,  on  each  side  of  the  ship  :  a  long 
chain  is  then  made  to  pass  through  the  shackles  of  each 


ANALYTICAL  READER. 

Seven  classes.  What  aro  they  ?  and  what  is  tVie  num- 
ber of  the  first  class  1 
.Kidnapped,  stolen  treacherously. 

Spell  species,  treachery,  villages,  people. 

Depopulated,  deprived  of  their  inhabitants,  laid  waste. 

Prisoners  of  war.    How  were  they  anciently  treated  1 
App. 

Originate,  take  their  rise;  derived  from  origin. 

Slaves  by  birth.     Are  any  men  really  born  slaves  ? 
-Sacrificed,  offered  as  a  victim  in  religious  worship, 
lost. 

Gaming.     What  is  meant  by  gaming  ? 

However,  nevertheless. 
-Ways,  paths,  methods. 

Rivers.     How  are  rivers  marked  on  a  map  ? 

Miles.     How  many  rods  in  a  mile  ? 
.Caufles.     Find  the  definition  from  its  use  in  the  les- 
son. 

Secured,  prevented. 

Running  away.     Why  do  they  wish  to  rim  away  ? 
-Pieces,  patches,  fragments,  coins,  guns. 

Spell  comprises,  prisoners,  purpose,  debt. 
-Staples,  loops  of  iron,  principal  articles  of  trade. 

With  whom,  does  the  Bible,  class  men-stealers  ? 

Spell  appearance,  immediately,  conveyed. 
,Iron,  i'urn,  a  metal  hard,  ductile  and  malleable. 

Apartments.  In  what  order  are  they  stowed  in  them  1 
-Grated,   windows  crossed  with  strong  bars,  rubbed 

harshly. 
Admission,  passage,  introduction,  entrance. 

Lumber,  useless  furniture,  heavy  goods. 
.Insomuch.     Of  what  words  is  this  compounded  / 
-Lading,  cargo,  putting  the  cargo  on  board, 
-Near,  draw  near,  close  to,  hard  by. 
.Separated.     Is  the  word  simple  or  compound  ? 
-Depression,    sadness,  lowering  down,   lessening   in 

value. 
.Suicide,  self-murder,  killing  one's  self,  one  who  kills 

himself. 

.Delirium,  insanity,  deprivation  of  reason. 
Spell  weather,  chiefly,  brought,  beating. 
.Shackles,  iron  fetters,  bonds  of  iron. 
19 


218  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

pair,  by  which  each  row  is  at  once  secured  to  the  deck. 
In  this  state  they  take  their  food,  which  consists  chiefly 
of  horse  beans,  rice,  and  yams,  with  a  little  palm  oil  and 
pepper.  After  their  meals,  they  are  made  to  jump  for 
exercise,  as  high  as  their  fetters  will  let  them,  on  beat- 
ing a  drum  ;  and  if  they  refuse,  they  are  whipped  till 
they  comply.  This,  the  slave  merchants  call  dancing! 

When  the  number  of  slaves  is  completed,  the  vessels 
weigh  anchor,  and  begin  what  is  termed  the  middle  pas- 
sage,  to  carry  them  to  the  respective  colonies.  These 
vessels  in  which  they  are  transported,  are  of  different 
dimensions,  from  11  to  800  tons,  and  they  carry  from  30 
to  1500  slaves  at  a  time. 

When  the  vessel  is  full,  their  situation  is  truly  pitiable. 
A  grown  up  person,  is  allowed,  in  the  best  regulated 
ships,  but  16  inches  in  width,  two  feet  eight  inches  in 
height,  and  five  feet  eight  inches  in  length  ;  not  so  much 
room,  as  Faulconbridge  expresses  himself,  as  a  man  has 
in  his  coffin.  Whether  well  or  ill,  they  lie  on  bare 
planks,  and  the  motion  of  the  ship  often  rubs  off  the 
prominent  parts  of  their  body,  leaving  the  bones  almost 
bare.  So  wretched  is  their  condition  from  the  heat, 
the  pestilential  breath,  and  the  corrupted  air,  that  some- 
times when  they  go  down  at  night  apparently  in  health, 
they  are  brought  up  dead  in  the  morning.  Nearly  one 
fourth  of  them  die,  from  the  time  of  being  put  on  board 
to  the  time  of  their  sale  in  the  colonies  ;  and  almost  as 
many  more  lose  their  lives  during  the  first  two  years  of 
servitude,  which  is  called  the  seasoning;  the  time  re- 
quisite to  inure  them  to  their  new  situation.  The  ship* 
having  completed  their  middle  passage,  anchor  in  their 
destined  ports  ;  and  the  unhappy  Africans  are  prepared 
for  sale.  In  disposing  of  them,  the  nearest  relations,  as 
husbands  and  wives,  parents  and  children,  brothers  and 
sisters,  are  separated  without  any  consideration,  and  if 
they  part  with  mutual  embraces,  they  are  severed  by  the 
lash  !  Some  are  consigned  to  brokers  for  sale  ;  others 
are  sold  by  auction  ;  and  a  third  mode  of  selling  them 
is  by  the  "  scramble."  In  this  case,  the  main  and  quar^ 
ter  decks  of  the  ship  are  darkened  by  sails,  which  are 
hung  over  them  at  a  convenient  height.  The  slaves  are 
then  brought  out  of  the  hold,  and  are  made  to  stand  in 


ANALYTICAL  READER. 

Yams,  eatable  roots,  roots  good  for  food. 

What  do  the  slave  merchants  call  dancing  ? 

Dancing,  dan'sing,  moving  in  measure. 

Comply,  submit,  obey,  yield,  consent. 

Immediately,  directly,  without  delay. 

Completed,  made  up,  perfected,  done. 

-Weigh   anchor,     raise    the    anchor,     ascertain    the 
weight  of. 

fjpell  weigh)  wa,  they  weigh  anchor  ; — way,  he  held 
on  his  way. 

Middle  passage,  voyage  from  Africa  over. 

-Colonies,  places  inhabited  by  people  from  the  mother 
country. 

.Dimensions,  size,  bigness,  measurement. 

-Pitiable,  deserving  of  pity,  wretched,  worthy  of  com- 
miseration. 

Height,  hite,  degree  of  altitude. 

Faulconbridge.     Who  was  he  ?     See  App. 

Spell  expresses,  regulated,  whether. 
-.Prominent,  most  exposed,  distinguished,  jutting  over. 

-Pestilential,  poisonous,  sickly,  infectious. 

Corrupted^  vitiated,  become  putrid. 

Sometimes,  once  in  a  while.     From  what  derived  ? 

Dead  in  the  morning.    Was  murder  committed  here  ? 

What  proportion  lose  their  lives  on  the  voyage  ? 
-.Board,  deck  of  a  ship,  to  enter  a  ship  by  force,  a  ta- 
ble, thin  piece  of  wood, 

-Servitude,  subjection  to  their  master,  slavery. 
-.Seasoning,  preparing,  salting.     What  is  the  season- 
ing of  slaves  1 

Inure,  accustom,  harden. 

-Requisite,  necessary,  required  by  the  nature  of  things. 

-Disposing,  settling,  arranging. 

-Consideration,  compunction  ;  from  consider. 

Mutual,  reciprocal,    on  both  sides,  each  acting  in  re- 
turn. 

-Consigned,  delivered,  entrusted. 

Brokers,  sales-men,  venders. 

Auction,  vendue,  sale  by  auction. 

-Quarter,  one  fourth  part,  one  of  the  decks. 

.Convenient,  proper,  agreeable,  suitable. 

Area,  a're-a,  surface  contained  between  lines. 


220  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

the  darkened  area.  The  purchasers,  who  are  furnished 
with  long  ropes,  rush,  as  soon  as  the  signal  is  given  with- 
in the  awning,  and  endeavor  to  encircle  as  many  of 
them  as  they  can.  These  "  scrambles"  are  not  howev- 
er confined  to  the  ships,  but  are  frequently  made  on 
shore.  Nothing  can  exceed  the  terror  which  the  wretch- 
ed Africans  exhibit  on  these  occasions.  An  universal 
shriek  is  immediately  heard*  All  is  consternation  and 
dismay.  The  men  tremble.  The  women  cling  togeth- 
er in  each  others*  arms.  Some  of  them  faint  away  ;  and 
others  have  been  known  to  expire.  If  any  thing  can  ex- 
ceed the  horror  of  such  a  scene,  it  must  be  the  iniquity 
of  valuing  a  part  of  the  rational  creation  in  so  debased 
a  light,  and  of  "  scrambling"  for  human  flesh  and 
blood. 

The  poor  negroes  are  then  subjected  to  a  state  of  ser- 
vitude the  most  merciless  and  hopeless.  They  are 
doomed  to  labor  under  the  lash — to  work  hard  and  fare 
hard,  with  no  hope  of  reward,  and  for  no  other  object 
than  to  enable  their  inhuman  oppressors  to  live  in  idle- 
ness, and  riot  in  luxury* 

Such  are  some  of  the  many  horrors  of  the  slave  trade ; 
a  trade  long  sanctioned  by  the  most  civilized  and  en- 
lightened nations  of  Europe — nations  professing  the 
Christian  religion — one  of  whose  leading  principles  en- 
joins us  to  "  love  our  neighbor  as  ourselves,"  and  ta 
"  do  unto  all  men,  as  we  would  that  they  should  do  un- 
to us." 

The  persevering  and  godlike  benevolence  of  Clark* 
son,  Wilberforce,  and  others,  these  men  whose  names 
will  be  cherished  with  affection  as  long  as  any  generous 
feeling  exists  in  the  world,  after  a  twenty  years*  hard 
struggle,  at  last  effected  the  abolition  of  the  slave  trade 
in  Great  Britain.  An  act  of  parliament  for  abolishing 
it  was  passed  in  1806,  which  went  into  complete  opera- 
tion in  1808.  In  the  same  year  it  was  abolished  by  an 
act  of  Congress  in  the  United  States  ;  and  it  had  long 
before  been  prohibited  by  many  of  the  individual  State*, 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  221 

, Purchasers,  buyers ;  derived  from  purchase. 

.Awning,  covering  of  canvass  or  sails. 

Encircle,  surround,  encompass  ;  derived  from  circle. 

-Confined.     What  is  meant  by  scramble  ? 

Exceed,  go  beyond,  surpass. 

Consternation,  suspense,  wonder,  amazement. 

Dismay,  loss  of  courage,  desertion  of  mind,  conster- 
nation. 

Expire,  breathe  out  life,  die,  decease. 

Spell  scene,  iniquity. 

Rational,  rash'un-al,  reasonable,  peculiar  to  man- 
kind. 

Debased,  degraded,  cheapened,  lessened  in  value. 

What  religion  do  the  slave  merchants  profess  1 

Inhuman.     Trace  the  origin  of  this  word. 

How  many  slaves  are  there  in  the  United  States  ?  See 
App. 

Is  there  any  guilt  connected  with  holding  slaves  ?  See 
App. 

Horrors,  miseries,  wretchedness. 

Sanctioned,  upheld  by  law,  approved  of. 

Christian,  derived  from  Christ,  the  author  of  the  re- 
ligion. 

Love  our  neighbor.  Where  is  this  found?  Luke 
vi.  31. 

Why  is  it  called  the  golden  rule  ? 

Persevering,  constant,  unwavering. 

.Benevolence,  good-will,  kindness,  charity  in  disposi- 
tion and  act.  - 

Wilberforce.  State  some  facts  with  respect  to  hina. 
See  App. 

-Cherished,  warmed,  fostered,  remembered. 

-Affection,  love,  fondness,  state  of  being  affected  by 
any  cause. 

Hard,  laborious,  firm,  difficult. 

.Parliament,  par'le-ment,  legislature  of  Great  Bri- 
tain. 

Congress,  legislature  of  the  United  States  ? 

Prohibited,  forbidden,  interdicted. 

What  countries  now  carry  on  the  slave  trade  ?  See 
App. 


SEQUEL  TO  THE 
LESSON  L. 

Influence  of  Slavery. — JEFFERSON. 

There  must  doubtless  be  an  unhappy  influence  on  the 
manners  of  our  people  produced  by  the  existence  of  sla- 
very among  us.  The  whole  commerce  between  mas- 
ter and  slave,  is  a  perpetual  exercise  of  the  most  bois- 
terous passions — the  most  unremitting  despotism  on  the 
one  part,  and  degrading  submissions  on  the  other.  Our 
children  see  this,  and  learn  to  imitate  it ;  for  man  is  an 
imitative  animal.  This  quality  is  the  germ  of  all  edu- 
cation in  him.  From  his  cradle  to  his  grave,  he  is  learn- 
ing to  do  what  he  sees  others  do.  If  a  parent  could  find 
no  motive,  either  in  his  philanthropy  or  self-love,  for  re- 
straining the  intemperance  of  passion  towards  his  slave, 
it  should  always  be  a  sufficient  one,  that  his  child  is 
present.  But  generally  it  is  not  sufficient.  The  parent 
storms,  the  child  looks  on,  catches  the  lineaments  of 
wrath,  puts  on  the  same  airs  in  the  circle  of  small- 
er slaves,  gives  a  loose  to  his  worst  of  passions,  and  thus 
nursed,  educated,  and  daily  exercised  in  tyranny,  can- 
not but  be  stamped  by  it  with  odious  peculiarities.  The 
man  must  be  a  prodigy,  who  can  retain  his  manners  and 
morals  undepraved  by  such  circumstances.  And  with 
what  execration  should  the  statesman  be  loaded,  who 
permitting  one  half  the  citizens  thus  to  trample  on  the 
rights  of  the  other,  transforms  those  into  despots,  and 
these  into  enemies,  destroys  the  morals  of  the  one  part, 
and  the  amor  patriae  of  the  other.  For  if  a  slave  can 
have  a  country  in  this  world,  it  must  be  any  other  in 
preference  to  that  in  which  he  is  born  to  live  and  labor 
for  another ;  in  which  he  must  lock  up  the  faculties  of 
his  nature,  contribute  as  far  as  depends  on  his  individ- 
ual endeavors  to  the  evanishment  of  the  human  race,  or 
entail  his  own  miserable  condition  on  the  endless  gene- 
rations proceeding  from  him.  With  the  morals  of  the 
people,  their  industry  is  also  destroyed.  For  in  a  warm 
•limate,  no  man  will  labor  for  himself,  who  can  make 
another  labor  for  him.  This  is  so  true,  that  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  slaves,  a  very  small  proportion  indeed  are 
•ver  seen  to  labor.  And  cau  the  liberties  of  a  nation  be 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  223 

Doubtless,  doubles,  undoubtedly. 

Slavery,  involuntary  servitude. 

-Commerce,  intercourse,  connection,  mutual  trade. 

.Perpetual,  continued,  iminterrnitted,  constant. 

.Despotism,  tyrannical  government,  tyranny. 

Imitative  animal,  creature  who  learns  by  example. 

-Germ,  beginning,  sprout,  shoot,  origin. 

Cradle  to  his  grave,  infancy  to  his  burial. 

.Philanthropy,  f  il-an'fAro-pe,  kindness,  love,  benevo- 
lence. 

Restraining,  curbing,  keeping  under. 

.Intemperance.  What  is  the  primitive  ?  What  are 
other  derivatives  ? 

What  should  be  a  sufficient  reason  for  restraining 
passion  ?  Is  it  generally  sufficient  1 

Lineaments,  lin'ne-a-ments,  features,  lines. 

-Airs,  light  songs,  looks,  appearances,  mein,  manner. 

.Tyranny,  tir'ran-ne,  absolute  monarchy,  despotism. 

-Stamped,  pounded,  coined,  impressed,  crushed. 

Odious,  6'de-us,  or,  6'je-us,  hateful,  unpleasant,  dis- 
gusting, 

-Prodigy ,~  prod'  de-je,  omen,  portent,  monster,  uncom- 
mon person. 

Manners,  habits,  traits  of  social  character. 

Morals,  regard  to  morality,  virtue. 

.Execration,  detestation,  scorn,  curse,  abhorrence. 

Statesman,  politician,  one  engaged  in  affairs  of  state. 

Despots,  tyrants,  oppressive  despotic  rulers. 

Enemies.     Whom  does  he  mean  by  enemies  ? 

Amor  patrise,  Latin  words  signifying  love  of  country, 
patriotism. 

Country,  nation,  beloved  land,  native  soil. 

Can  the  slave  love  the  country  in  which  he  is  a  slave  ? 

Lock  up,  shut  up,  keep  from  view,  confine. 

Faculties  of  his  nature,  powers  of  his  mind,  genius. 

Evanishment,  annihilation,  destruction,  escaping 
from  notice. 

Entail,  give  in  inheritance,  bequeath.  Must  not  this 
be  complete  wretchedness  ? 

What  is  destroyed  besides  the  morals  of  the  people  ? 

What  are  the  effects  of  a  warm  climate  on  industry  ? 

Is  it  just  to  make  you  labor  for  another  without  pay  1 


224  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

thought  secure,  when  we  have  removed  their  only  firm 
basis,  a  conviction  in  the  minds  of  the  people,  that  their 
liberties  are  the  gift  of  God  ?  That  they  are  not  to  be 
violated  but  with  his  wrath  ?  Indeed  I  tremble  for  my 
country  when  I  reflect  that  God  is  just ;  that  his  justice 
cannot  sleep  forever;  that  considering  numbers,  nature 
and  natural  means  only,  a  revolution  of  the  wheel  of  for- 
tune, an  exchange  of  situation  is  among  possible  events 
— that  it  may  become  probable  by  supernatural  interfe- 
rence !  The  Almighty  has  no  attribute  which  can  take 
side  with  us  in  such  a  contest.  But  it  is  impossible  to  be 
temperate  and  pursue  this  subject  through  the  various 
considerations  of  policy,  of  morals,  of  history  natural 
and  civil. 

We  must  be  contented  to  hope  they  will  force  their 
way  into  every  one's  mind.  I  think  a  change  already 
perceptible,  since  the  origin  of  the  present  revolution. 
The  spirit  of  the  master  is  abating — that  of  the  slave, 
rising  from  the  dust — his  condition  mollifying ;  the 
way  I  hope  preparing,  under  the  auspices  of  heaven,  for 
a  total  emancipation  ;  and  that  this  is  disposed,  in  the 
order  of  events,  to  be  with  the  consent  of  the  masters, 
rather  than  by  their  extermination. 


LESSON  LI. 

The  Complaint  of  a  Dying   Year;  an  allegory. — 
DERSON. 

Reclining  on  a  couch  of  fallen  leaves,  wrapped  in  a 
fleecy  mantle,  with  withered  limbs,  hoarse  voice,  and 
snowy  beard,  appears  a  venerable  old  man.  His  pulse 
beats  feebly,  his  breath  becomes  shorter  ;  he  exhibits 
every  mark  of  approaching  dissolution. 

This  is  old  Eighteen  Hundred  and ;*  and  as 

every  class  of  readers  will  remember  him  a  young  man, 
as  rosy  and  blithesome  as  themselves,  they  will,  perhaps, 
feel  interested  in  hearing  some  of  his  dying  expressions, 
with  a  few  particulars  of  his  past  life.  His  existence  is 
still  likely  to  be  prolonged  a  few  days  by  the  presence 
of  his  daughter  December,  the  last  and  sole  survivor  of 


ANALYTICAL  READER. 

Can  liberty  be  taken  from  man  without  incurring  the 
wrath  of  God  ? 

Why  not  1     Because  liberty  is  the  gift  of  God  to  ev- 
ery man. 

Numbers.     What  is  the  present  number  of  slaves  ? 

Nature,  natural  means,    leaving  out  of  view  God's 
providence* 

Revolution,  turning  over,  change. 

Wheel  of  fortune,  change  of  circumstances,  in  allu- 
sion to  the  fickleness  of  fortune. 

Supernatural,  almighty,  what  is  above  natural  means. 

Interference,  direct  expression  of  Divine  displeasure. 

Considerations,  arguments,  things  to  be  considered. 

Take  side,  join  us,  be  on  our  part. 

Policy,  expediency,  political  expediency. 

Civil.     How  do  natural  and  civil  history  differ  ? 

Is  there  a  change  for  the  better  already  perceptible  1 

Origin,  commencement,  beginning, 

Revolution,   American  revolution,    separation   from 
Great  Britain. 

Mollifying,  softening,  growing  more  gentle. 

Auspices,  aw'spls^es,   favor,  direction,  superintend* 
ence. 

Emancipation,  freedom,  deliverance  from  bondage, 

-Disposed,  willing,  desirous,  arranged. 

Did   Mr.    Jefferson  think  it  probable  that  the  slaves 
will  be  emancipated  ? 

Extermination,  destruction,  utter  excision. 

Allegory.     See  Appendix. 

Reclining,  resting,  reposing,  beading,  leaning. 

Couch,  bed,  place  of  repose. 

Snowy,  white,  abounding  with  snow,  like  the  snow, 

,Pulse,    motion  of    the  artery   as  the  blood  passes 
through  it,  vibration. 

Dissolution,  death,  act  of  dissolving. 

Old  Eighteen.    What  is  the  year  represented  to  be  ? 
*The  reader  will  fill  up  this  blank  with  the  proper  year, 

.Blithesome,  bliTH'sum,  gay,  cheerful,  sportive. 

Dying  expressions,  expressions  uttered  when  dying. 

Particulars,  events,  notices,  circumstances. 

Prolonged,  protracted,  continued,  made  long. 

Survivor,  one  who  outlives  another.  The  derivation  ? 


SEQUEL  TO  THE 

liis  twelve  fair  children  ;  but  it  is  thought  the  father  and 
daughter  will  expire  together.  The  following  are  some 
of  the  expressions  taken  down,  as  they  fell  from  his  dy- 
ing lips  : — "  I  am,"  said  he,  "  the  son  of  old  father  Time, 
and  the  last  of  a  numerous  progeny  ;  for  he  he  had  no 

less  than  five  thousand  eight  hundred  and of  us, 

but  it  has  ever  been  his  fate  to  see  one  child  expire  be- 
fore another  was  born.  It  is  the  opinion  of  some,  that 
his  own  constitution  is  beginning  to  break  up,  and  that, 
when  he  has  given  birth  to  a  hundred  or  two  more  of  us, 
his  family  will  be  complete,  and  then  he  himself  will  be 
Jio  more." 

Here  the  old  year  called  for  his  account  book,  and 
turned  over  the  pages  with  a  sorrowful  eye.  He  has 
kept,  it  appears,  an  accurate  account  of  the  moments, 
minutes,  hours,  and  months  which  he  has  issued,  and 
subjoining  in  some  places  memorandums  of  the  uses  to 
which  they  have  been  applied  ;  and  of  the  losses  he  has 
sustained.  These  particulars,  it  would  be  too  tedious  to 
detail,  and  perhaps  the  recollection  of  the  reader  may 
furnish  them  as  well  or  better  ;  but  we  must  notice  one 
circumstance  ; — upon  turning  to  a  certain  page  in  hi* 
accounts,  the  old  man  was  affected — and  the  tears  stream- 
ed down  his  furrowed  cheeks  as  he  examined  it.  This 
was  the  register  of  the  forty-eight  Sundays  w  high  he  had 
issued  ;  and  which,  of  all  the  wealth  he  had  to  dispose 
ofj  had  been,  it  appears,  the  most  scandalously  wasted. 
"  These,"  said  he,  "  were  my  most  precious  gifts.  I 
had  but  fifty-two  of  them  to  bestow.  Alas!  how  lightly 
have  they  been  esteemed  !" 

Here  upon  referring  back  to  certain  old  memoran- 
dums, he  found  a  long  list  of  vows  and  resolutions,  which 
had  a  particular  reference  to  the  fifty -two  Sundays.  This, 
with  a  great  emotion  of  grief  and  anger,  he  tore  into  a 
hundred  pieces,  and  threw  them  on  the  embers  by  which 
he  was  endeavoring  to  warm  his  shivered  limbs.  "  I 
feel,  however,"  said  he,  "  more  pity  than  indignation 
towards  these  offenders,  since  they  were  far  greater  en- 
emies to  themselves  than  to  me.  But  there  are  a  few 
outrageous  ones,  by  whom  I  have  been  defrauded  of  so 
much  of  my  substance,  that  it  is  difficult  to  think  of  them 
with  patience,  particularly  that  notorious  thief, 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  227 

-Fair,  clear,  beautiful,  free  from  defects. 
-Expire,  send  out  the  breath,  breathe  their  last. 
-Expressions,  things  said,   acts  of  forcing  out  by  a 

press. 

Progeny,  family  of  children,  race,  descendants. 
Five  thousand.     How  long  since  the  creation  of  the 

world  ? 

Fate,  destiny,  fortune,  lot,  portion,  chance. 
Another  was  born.     What  is  the  meaning  of  this  ? 
-Break  up,  be  impaired,  grow  feeble,  waste  away. 
Complete.     Give  the  literal  sense  in  this  place. 
No  more.     What  period  will  this  be  ? 
Account  book.  To  what  is  the  old  year  here  likened '! 
Accurate,  strict,  exact,  correct,  right. 
Moments.     Is  there  any  difference  between  moments 

and  minutes  ? 

Subjoining,  annexing,  adding  ;  from  join. 
Memorandums,  short  notices,  unconnected  notes. 
Detail,  specify  minutely,  narrate  particularly. 
Recollection.     How  does  it  differ  from  memory  ? 
-Notice,   intelligence,  information,  note  down,   take 

account  of. 

-Certain,  sure,  infallible,  particular,  some. 
Furrowed,  plowed  into  furrows,  worn  into  channels. 
-Register,  record,  account,  make  a  record  of. 
Forty  eight  Sundays.  What  time  of  the  year  was  this 

spoken  ? 

Most  precious  gifts.  Why  are  Sabbaths  the  most  pre- 
cious 1 

-Lightly,  negligently,  carelessly,  nimbly,  quickly. 
-Vows,  solemn  promises  to  a  divine  power. 
Resolutions,  determinations,  purposes, ;  from  resolve. 
Reference,  relation,  act  of  referring. 
Emotion,  excitement,  passion,  feeling. 
Embers,  expiring  coals  of  fire,  warm  ashes. 
Indignation,  anger,  anger  mingled  with  contempt. 
Offenders.     Are  such  persons  numerous  ? 
Enemies.  In  what  respects  are  they  enemies  to  them* 

selves  ? 

Outrageous,  violent,  furious,  excessively  bad. 
Defrauded,  cheated,  deprived  by  cheating. 
-Substance,  property,  wealth,  any  thing  material. 


228  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

tination,  of  whom  every  body  has  heard,  and  who  is  so 
well  known  to  have  wronged  my  father  of  much  of  his 
property.  There  are  also  three  noted  ruffians,  Sleep, 
Sloth,  and  Pleasure,  from  whom  I  have  suffered  much  ; 
hesides  a  certain  busy-body  called  Dress,  who,  under  the 
pretence  of  making  most  of  me,  and  taking  care  of  me, 
steals  away  more  of  my  gifts  than  any  two  of  them. 

As  for  me  all  must  acknowledge  that  I  have  perform- 
ed my  part  towards  my  friends  and  foes.  I  have  fulfill- 
ed my  utmost  promise,  and  been  more  bountiful  than  a- 
ny  of  my  predecessors.  My  twelve  fair  children,  have, 
each  in  their  turn,  aided  my  exertions  ;  and  their  vari- 
ous tastes  and  dispositions  have. all  conduced  to  the  gen- 
eral good.  Mild  February,  who  sprinkled  the  naked 
boughs  with  delicate  buds,  and  brought  her  wont  offer- 
ing of  early  flowers,  was  not  of  more  essential  service 
than  that  rude  blustering  boy,  March,  who,  though  vio- 
lent in  his  temper,  was  well  intentioned  and  useful.  A- 
pril,  a  gentle  tender-hearted  girl,  wept  for  his  loss,  yet 
cheered  me  with  many  a  smile.  June,  came  crowned  with 
roses,  and  sparkling  in  sun  beams,  and  laid  up  a  store 
of  costly  ornaments  for  her  luxurious  successors  :  But 
I  cannot  stop  to  enumerate  the  qualities  and  graces  of 
all  my  children.  You,  my  poor  December,  dark  in  your 
complexion,  and  cold  in  your  temper,  greatly  resemble 
my  first  born,  January,  with  this  difference,  that  he  was 
most  prone  to  anticipation,  and  you  to  reflection. 

If  there  should  be  any  who,  upon  hearing  my  dying 
lamentation,  may  feel  regret,  that  they  have  not  treated 
me  more  kindly,  I  would  beg  leave  to  hint,  that  it  is  yet 
in  their  power  to  make  some  compensation  for  past 
conduct,  by  rendering  me,  during  my  few  remaining 
days,  as  much  service  as  is  in  their  power  ;  let  them  tes- 
tify the  sincerity  of  their  sorrow  by  an  immediate  alter- 
ation in  their  behavior.  It  would  give  me  pleasure  to 
see  my  only  surviving  child  treated  with  respect :  let 
no  one  slight  her  offerings;  she  has  still  a  considerable 
part  of  my  property  to  dispose  of,  which,  if  well  em- 
ployed, will,  turn  to  good  account.  Not  to  mention  the 
rest,  there  is  yet  one  precious  Sunday  in  her  gift ;  it 
would  cheer  my  last  moments  to  know  that  this  had 
been  better  prized  than  the  past. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  229 

Procrastination,  delay,  dilatoriness  ;  from  procrasti- 
nate. 

Wronged  my  father.     Are  most  persons  guilty  of  this 
crime  ? 

, Ruffians,  mischievous  fellows,  cut-throats,  robbers. 

Sleep.  How  can  we  prevent  this  from  being  a  ruffian  1 

Pretence,  appearance,  assumption,  false  show. 
-More  of  my  gifts.     Does  dress  act  thus  with  you  1 

What  would  be  a  security  against  all  these  foes  ? 

Acknowledge,  confess,  be  sensible  ;  from  knowledge. 

Utmost  promise.     What  was  his  promise  1 

More  beautiful.  How  was  he  more  beautiful  than  for- 
mer years  ? 

Aided,  assisted,  seconded,  supported,  relieved. 

-Tastes,  distinguishes  by  the  palate,   intellectual  dis- 
cernment. 

General  good.     Do  selfish  persons  promote  this  ? 

Delicate  buds.     When  do  these  show  themselves  1 

Blustering.     Why  is  March  called  a  blustering  boy  ? 

-Intentioned,  disposed,  designed,  purposed. 

Wept.     What  is  meant  by  saying  April  wept  ? 

June.     Tell  me  the  reason  of  thus  describing  her  ap- 
pearance. 

Luxurious,  given  to  pleasure,  intemperate. 

Successors.     Why  are  these  called  luxurious  1 

Enumerate,  number,  reckon  up,  count  over. 

Temper.     What  is  here  meant  to  be  represented  1 

Anticipation,  looking  to  the  future.    Why  is  this  said 
of  January  ? 

Prone,  included,  disposed,  liable,  yielding. 

-Regret,  remorse,  sadness,  lament,  be  sorry  for. 

Compensation,  atonement  for  wrongs  committed, 

-Service,  obedience,  acts  of  favor,  labor  of  a  slave. 

Testify,  bear  testimony  to,  show,  evince,  declare. 

Alteration,  change,  difference  ;  from  alter. 

Behavior,  conduct,  deportment  ;  from  behave, 

-Slight,  treat  with  contempt,  neglect. 

Property.     What  is  this  property  1 

Considerable,  worthy  of  consideration,  large. 

Good  account,  good  narration,  profit,  benefit. 

In  her  gift,  at  her  disposal,  in  her  possession. 

Prized,  valuedt     What  is  the  way  to  prize  it  ? 
20 


•230  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

It  is  very  likely  that  at  least  after  my  decease,  many 
may  reflect  upon  themselves  for  their  past  conduct  to- 
wards me  :  to  such  I  would  leave  it  as  my  last  injunc- 
tion, not  to  waste  time  in  unavailing  regret — all  their 
wishes  and  repentance  will  not  call  me  to  life  again.  I 
shall  never,  never  return  !  I  would  rather  earnestly 
recommend  to  their  regard  my  youthful  successor, 
whose  appearance  is  shortly  expected.  I  cannot  hope 
to  survive  long  enough  to  introduce  him  ;  but  I  would 
fain  hope,  that  he  will  meet  with  a  favorable  reception, 
and  that,  in  addition  to  the  flattering  honors  which 
greeted  my  birth,  and  the  fair  promises  which  deceived 
my  hopes,  more  diligent  exertions,  and  more  persever- 
ing efforts  may  be  expected.  Let  it  be  remembered, 
that  one  honest  endeavor  is  worth  ten  fair  promises. 

Having  thus  spoken,  the  Old  Year  fell  back  on  his 
couch,  nearly  exhausted,  and  trembling  so  violently  as 
to  shake  the  last  shower  of  yellow  leaves  from  his  can- 
opy.— Let  us  all  hasten  to  testify  our  gratitude  for  his 
services,  and  repentance  for  the  abuse  of  them,  by  im- 
proving the  remaining  days  of  his  existence,  and  by  re- 
membering the  solemn  promises  he  made  in  his  youth. 


LESSON  LTL 

The  Universal  Agency  and   Providence  of  God. — CHAL- 
MERS. 

It  is  is  indeed  a  mighty  evidence  of  the  strength  of 
his  arm,  that  so  many  millions  of  worlds  are  suspended 
on  it;  but  it  would  surely  make  the  high  attribute  of  his 
power  more  illustrious,  if  while  it  expatiated  at  large 
among  the  suns  and  the  systems  of  astronomy,  it  could, 
at  the  very  same  instant,  be  impressing  a  movement  and 
a  direction  on  all  the  minuter  wheels  of  that  vast  ma- 
chinery, which  is  working  incessantly  around  us.  It 
forms  a  nobje  demonstration  of  hjs  wisdom,  that  he 
gives  unremitting  operation  to  those  laws  which  uphold 
the  stability  of  this  great  universe ;  but  it  would  go  to 
heighten  that  wisdom  inconceivably,  if,  while  equal  to 
the  magnificent  task  of  maintaining  the  order  and  har- 


ANALYTICAL   READER.  231 

-Decease,  death,  dissolution,  die,  depart  from  earth. 

-Reflect,  think,  throw  back,  cast  reproach. 

Injunction,  command,  order,  precept,  advice. 

Unavailing,  useless,  unprofitable  ;  from  avail. 

Regret.  Is  it  common  for  persons  to  regret  the  past? 
What  ought  to  be  the  effect  of  sorrow  for  the  past  1 

Recommend,  make  acceptable ;  from  commend. 

Successor,  from  succeed.     What  is  this  1 

Expected.  How  does  this  word  differ  from  suspect- 
ed ? 

Spell  fain,  I  would  fain  hope  \— feign,  they  feign  in- 
sanity ; — fane,  the  sacred  fane. 

-Addition,  the  act  of  putting  one  thing  to  another,  col- 
lecting. 

-Greeted,  welcomed,  saluted  in  kindness,  addressed  at 
a  meeting. 

Fair  promises.     What  promises  can  be  called  fair  ? 

Effects.     Will  not  a  wise  man  profit  by  this  advice  ? 

Honest,  sincere,  hearty,  honorable,  determined. 

Promises.     What  is  the  conduct  of  foolish  persons  ? 

-Exhausted,  spent,  failing  in  strength,  dried  up, 
drawn  off. 

Canopy,  covering  spread  over  the  head. 

Shower.     Why  are  falling  leaves  called  a  shower  1 

Repentance.  Does  not  this  mean  something  more 
than  sorrow  for  misconduct  ? 

Improving.  Will  not  you  comply  with  the  injunc- 
tion ? 

Solemn  promises.     What  were  these  promises  ? 

Youth.  Is  not  age  apt  to  neglect  the  promises  of 
youth  1 

Mighty,  strong,  overwhelming,  yery  great. 

Strength  of  his  arm,  power,  omnipotence,  energy. 

Attribute,  faculty,  perfection,  quality. 

.Illustrious,  glorious,  honorable,  splendid. 

Expatiated,  ranged  at  large,  dwelt  upon,  freely  dis- 
cussed. 

Systems,  suns  and  their  attendant  bodies. 

.Machinery,  mechanism,  enginery,  complicated  work. 

What  forms  a  noble  demonstration  of  his  wisdom  ? 

Uphold  the  stability,  sustain  the  established  order. 

Inconceivably,  beyond  conception,  immeasurably. 


SEQUEL  TO  THE 

mony  of  the  spheres,  it  was  lavishing  its  inexhaustible 
resources  on  the  beauties  and  varieties,  and  arrange- 
ments, of  every  one  scene,  however  humble,  of  every 
one  field,  however  narrow,  of  the  creation  he  had  form- 
ed. 

It  is  a  cheering  evidence  of  the  delight  he  takes  in 
communicating  happiness,  that  the  whole  of  immensity 
should  be  so  strewed  with  the  inhabitants  of  life  and  in- 
telligence ;  but  it  would  surely  bring  home  the  evidence, 
with  a  nearer  and  more  affecting  impression,  to  every 
bosom,  did  we  know,  that  at  the  very  time  his  benig- 
nant regard  took  in  the  mighty  circle  of  createpl  beings, 
there  was  not  a  single  family  overlooked  by  him,  and 
that  every  individual  in  every  corner  of  his  dominions, 
was  as  effectually  seen  to,  as  if  the  object  of  an  exclu- 
sive and  undivided  care.  It  is  our  imperfection,  that 
we  cannot  give  our  attention  to  more  than  one  object  at 
one  and  the  same  instant  of  time  ;  but  surely  it  would 
elevate  our  every  idea  of  the  perfection  of  God,  did  we 
know,  that  while  his  comprehensive  mind  could  grasp 
the  whole  amplitude  of  nature,  to  the  very  uttermost 
of  its  boundaries,  he  had  an  attentive  eye  fastened  on 
the  very  humblest  of  its  objects,  and  pondered  every 
thought  of  my  heart,  and  noticed  every  footstep  of  my 
goings,  and  treasured  up  in  his  remembrance  every  turn, 
and  movement  of  my  history.  His  eye  is  upon  every 
hour  of  my  existence.  His  spirit  is  intimately  present 
with  every  thought  of  my  heart.  His  inspiration  gives 
birth  to  every  purpose  within  me.  His  hand  impresses 
a  direction  on  every  footstep  of  my  goings.  Every 
breath  I  inhale,  is  drawn  by  an  energy  which  God  deals 
out  to  me.  This  body,  which,  upon  the  slightest  de- 
rangement, would  become  the  prey  of  death,  or  of  wo- 
ful  suffering,  is  now  at  ease,  because  he  is,  at  this  mo- 
ment, warding  off  from  me  a  thousand  dangers,  and  up- 
holding the  thousand  movements  of  its  complex  and  del- 
icate machinery.  His  presiding  influence  keeps  me 
through  the  whole  current  of  my  restless  and  ever  chang- 
ing history.  When  I  walk  by  the  way  side,  he  is  along 
with  me,  when  I  enter  into  company,  amid  all  my  for- 
getfulness  of  him,  he  never  forgets  me.  In  the  silent 
watches  of  the  night,  when  my  eyelids  have  closed,  and  my 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  233 

-Spheres,  heavenly  bodies,  any  globular  body. 

Lavishing,  bountifully  bestowing,  profusely  expending. 

Varieties,  diversities,  various  circumstances. 

-Creation,  time  of  creating  the  world,  making  all  things. 
.Inexhaustible,  not  to  be  spent. 

What  is  a  delightful  evidence  of  God's  desire  to  com- 
municate happiness  ? 

Immensity,  illimitable  space. 

Strewed,  stro'd,  sown,  scattered. 

Inhabitants  of  life,  living  beings. 

Impression,  evidence,  feeling. 

Benignant,  pleasing,  gracious,  kind,  generous. 

-Circle,  circumference,  orb,  round  body,  universe. 

Is  God  every  where  present  in  his  dominions  ? 

Is  nothing  overlooked  by  him  ? 

Effectually.     From  what  derived  1 

What  is  a  proof  of  our  imperfection  1 

What  do  you  understand  by  the  perfections  of  God  1 

Comprehensive,  enlarged,  unlimited. 

Amplitude,  breadth,  largeness  ;  from  ample. 

Boundaries,  bounds,  outer  limits. 

Humblest,  smallest,  lowliest,  most  humble. 

-Heart,  organ  of  life,  seat  of  life,  affections,  mind,  soul. 

Remembrance,  recollection,  memory. 

Inspiration,  power,  drawing  in  of  breath,  breathing 
into. 

Spell  impresses,  thousand,  f/iou'zand. 

Are  we  indebted  to  God  for  life  and  breath  ?  •'  In  him 
we  live  and  move  and  have  our  being." 

Derangement,  de-range'ment,  disorder. 

Prey,  victim,  food,  spoil. 

Complex,  complicated,  consisting  of  many  parts. 

Current,  running  stream,  course,  progress. 

Is  God  every  where  present  ?  Must  he,  of  course, 
know  all  that  I  do  ? 

-Watches,  protects,  instruments  lo  measure  time,  di- 
visions of  the  night.  The  Jews  divided  the  night 
into  four  watches,  or  equal  portions. 

Eyelids,  the  membranes,  that  shoot  over  the  eyes.  Of 
what  is  the  word  compounded  ?  What  parts  of 
speech  are  the  simple  words  ? 

20* 


234  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

spirit  has  sunk  into  unconsciousness,  the  observant  eye 
of  Him  who  never  sleeps  is  upon  me.  I  cannot  fly  from 
his  presence.  Go  where  I  will,  he  tends  me,  and  watch- 
es me,  and  cares  for  me ;  and  the  same  being  who  is 
now  at  work  in  the  remotest  domains  of  nature,  and  of 
providence,  is  also  at  my  right  hand  to  eke  out  to  me 
every  moment  of  my  being,  and  to  uphold  me  in  the  ex- 
ercise of  all  my  feelings,  and  of  all  my  faculties. 

Now,  what  God  is  doing  with  me,  he  is  doing  with  ev- 
ery distinct  individual  of  this  world's  population.  The 
intimacy  of  his  presence,  and  attention  and  care,  reach- 
es to  one  and  to  all  of  them.  With  a  mind  unburdened 
by  the  vastness  of  all  its  other  concerns,  he  can  prose- 
cute, without  distraction,  the  government  and  guardian- 
ship of  every  one  son  and  daughter  of  the  species. 


LESSON  LIII. 

Hyder  AH. — BURKE. 

When  at  length  Hyder  Ali  found,  that  he  had  to  do 
with  men  who  would  either  sign  no  convention,  or  whom 
no  treaty  and  no  signature,  could  bind,  and  who  were 
the  determined  enemies  of  human  intercourse  itself,  he 
decreed  to  make  the  country  possessed  by  these  incorri- 
gible and  predestinated  criminals  a  memorable  exam- 
ple to  mankind.  He  resolved  in  the  gloomy  recesses  of 
a  mind  capacious  of  such  things,  to  leave  the  whole 
Carnatic  an  everlasting  monument  of  vengeance  ;  and 
to  put  perpetual  desolation  as  a  barrier  between  him 
and  those  against  whom  the  faith  which  holds  the  moral 
elements  of  the  world  together  was  no  protection.  He 
became  at  length  so  confident  of  his  force,  so  collected 
in  his  might,  that  he  made  no  secret  whatever  of  his 
dreadful  resolution.  Having  terminated  his  disputes 
with  every  enemy,  and  rival,  who  buried  their  mutual 
animosities  in  their  common  detestation  against  the 
creditors  of  the  nabob  of  Arcot,  he  drew  from  every 
quarter,  whatever  a  savage  ferocity  could  add  to  his 
new  rudiments  in  the  art  of  destruction ;  and,  com- 
pounding all  the  materials  of  fury,  havoc,  and  desola- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  23S 

Spirit,  thinking  principle,  soul,  life,  energy. 
Domains,  dominions,  provinces. 
What  is  meant  by  Providence  ? 
To  eke  out,  to  distribute,  to  measure  out. 
Uphold,  sustain,  preserve. 
Distinct,  separate,  single,  particular, 
Population,  inhabitants, 

To  one,  and  to  all,  individually  and  collectively. 
.Government  guv'urn-ment,  control,  superintendence. 
.Guardianship.     What  is  the  derivation  ? 
What  ideas  does  this  extract  give  you  of  God  1 


Hyder  AH,  a  famous  chieftain  in  India. 

Had  to  do,  must  act,  was  united,  was  forced  to  hare 
intercourse. 

-Convention,  contract  for  a  limited  time,  assembly. 

Signature,  signing  a  name  to,  the  articles  of  a  contract 
or  treaty. 

.Incorrigible,  bad  beyond  amendment,  most  abandon- 
ed, irreclaimable. 

Predestinated,  foreordained,  decreed  beforehand. 

Memorable,  notable,  that  which  will  be  remembered. 

Recesses,  dark  retreats,  caverns,  secret  apartments. 

Capacious,  capable,  wide,  vast,  extended. 

Carnatic.  What  part  of  Hindostan  is  this  1  See  maps. 

Desolation,  ruin,  destruction,  devastation. 

Barrier,  boundary,  defence,  bar  to  mark  the  limits  of 
a  place. 

Moral  elements,  principles  which  bind  men. 

Protection,  defence,  guard  ;  from  what  derived  ? 

Resolution,  purpose,  determination,  decree. 

Terminated,  ended,  settled,  concluded. 

Animosities,  feelings  of  hatred,  enmities. 

Detestation,  contemning,  hatred,  abhorrence  ;  from 
detest. 

Nabob,  chief  officer,  powerful  man. 

Savage,  inhuman,  brutal,  not  civilized,  barbarous. 

Rudiments,  first  principles,  elements. 

Compounding,  mixing,  combining,  uniting. 

Havoc,  devastation,  spoil,  plunder. 


336  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

tion  into  one  black  cloud,  he  hung  for  a  while  on  the 
declivities  of  the  mountains.  Whilst  the  authors  of  these 
evils  were  idly  and  stupidly  gazing  on  this  menacing 
meteor,  which  blackened  all  their  horizon,  it  suddenly 
burst,  and  poured  down  its  whole  contents  upon  the 
plains  of  the  Carnatic.  Then  ensued  a  scene  of  wo,  the 
like  of  which  no  eye  had  seen,  no  heart  conceived,  and 
which  no  tongue  can  tell.  All  the  horrors  of  war  be- 
fore known  or  heard  of,  were  mercy  to  that  havoc.  A 
storm  of  universal  fire  blasted  every  field,  consumed  ev- 
ery house,  destroyed  every  temple.  The  miserable  in- 
habitants, flying  from  their  flaming  villages,  in  part 
were  slaughtered — others,  without  regard  to  age,  to  the 
respect  of  rank,  or  sacredness  of  function — fathers  torn 
from  children,  husbands  from  wives,  enveloped  in  a 
whirlwind  of  cavalry,  and  amidst  the  goading  spears  of 
drivers,  and  the  trampling  of  pursuing  horses,  were 
swept  into  captivity,  in  an  unknown  and  hostile  land. 
Those  who  were  able  to  evade  this  tempest,  fled  to  the 
walled  cities.  But  escaping  from  fire,  sword,  and  ex- 
ile, they  fell  into  the  jaws  of  famine.  The  alms  of  the 
settlement,  in  this  dreadful  exigence,  were  certainly 
liberal ;  and  all  was  done  by  chanty,  that  private  char- 
ity could  do  ;  but  it  was  a  people  in  beggary ;  it  was  a 
nation  that  stretched  out  its  hands  for  food.  For  month* 
together  these  creatures  of  sufferance,  whose  very  ex- 
cess and  luxury,  in  their  most  plenteous  days,  had  fall- 
en short  of  the  allowance  of  our  austerest  fasts,  silent, 
patient,  resigned,  without  sedition  or  disturbance,  al- 
most without  complaint,  perished  by  a  hundred  a  day  in 
the  streets  of  Madras.  Every  day  seventy  laid  their  bo- 
dies in  the  streets,  or  on  the  glacis  of  Tanjore,  and  ex- 
pired of  famine  in  the  granary  of  India.  I  was  going 
to  awake  your  justice  towards  this  unhappy  part  of  our 
fellow  citizens,  by  bringing  before  you  some  of  the  cir- 
cumstances of  this  plague  of  hunger.  Of  all  the  calami- 
ties which  beset  and  waylay  the  life  of  man,  this  come* 
nearest  to  our  heart,  and  is  that  in  which  the  proudest 
of  us  all  feels  himself  to  be  nothing  more  than  he  is  :  but 
I  find  myself  unable  to  manage  it  with  decorum.  These 
details  are  of  a  species  of  horror  so  nauseous  and  dis- 
gusting ;  they  are  so  degrading  to  the  sufferers  and  to 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  237 

Hung.     Can  you  explain  this  figure  ? 

Declivities,  gradual  descents,  oblique  fallings. 

Menacing,  threatening,  portentous,  boding. 

.Meteor.  Is  this  a  metaphor,  or  a  comparison? 

Ensued,  took  place,  followed,  was  exhibited. 

Mercy.  How  could  all  the  horrors  of  war  be  called 
mercy  1 

A  storm.     What  was  this  storm  1 

Temple,  house  dedicated  to  religious  worship. 

Flying.     Is  this  figurative,  or  literal  ? 

Function,  office,  special  duty,  elevated  station. 

Enveloped,  covered,  wrapped  up,  concealed. 

Whirlwind  of  cavalry.     Why  called  a  whirlwind  ? 

Goading,  piercing  pressing  against,  pricking. 

Swept.     Can  you  tell  what  this  figure  is  1 

Captivity,  from  what  derived  ?  slavery,  subjection  by 
a  fate  of  war. 

Hostile  land,  land  belonging  to  an  enemy. 

Evade,  escape,  slip  away  from,  go  clear. 

-Exile,  banishment  from  one's  country,  banish. 

Jaws  of  famine.  What  is  famine  here  represented  to 
be  ? 

Exigence,  pressing  necessity,  want,  distress. 

Private  charity,  charity  of  individuals. 

Nation.     What  is  the  whole  nation  here  made  ? 

Sufferance,  from  what  derived  1  wretchedness,  en- 
durance. 

Austerest,  most  strict,  most  rigid,  most  severe. 

Sedition,  tumult,  riot,  insurrection. 

Madras.  Can  you  find  this  place  on  your  map  t 

Glacis,  a  sloping  bank  in  fortification. 

Granary,  store-house.     What  does  it  denote  here  ? 

India.  Can  you  give  the  boundaries  of  it  1 

Plague.  What  is  this  figure,  a  metaphor,  or  compar- 
ison ? 

Waylay,  beset  by  ambush,  plot  against  secretly. 

Nothing  more.  What  is  it  that  produces  this  common 
feeling  ? 

Manage  it,  carry  it  on,  conduct,  guide. 

Decorum,  propriety,  decency,  order,  seemliness. 

Nauseous,  offensive,  loathsome,  disgustful. 


238  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

the  hearers  ;  they  are  so  humiliating  to  human  nature 
itself,  that  on  better  thoughts,  I  find  it  more  advisable 
to  throw  a  pall  over  this  hideous  object,  and  to  leave  it 
to  your  general  conception. 


LESSON  LIV. 

Millennium. — C  o  WPER. 

The  groans  of  Nature  in  this  nether  world, 
Which  heaven  has  heard  for  ages,  have  an  end, 
Foretold  by  prophets,  and  by  poets  sung, 
Whose  fire  was  kindled  at  the  prophet's  lamp  ; 
The  time  of  rest,  the  promis'd  Sabbath,  comes. 
Six  thousand  years  of  sorrow  have  well  nigh 
Fulfilled  their  tardy  and  diastrous  course 
Over  a  sinful  world  ;  and  what  remains 
Of  this  tempestuous  state  of  human  things 
Is  merely  as  the  working  of  a  sea 
Before  a  calm,  that  rocks  itself  to  rest  ; 
For  He,  whose  car  the  winds  are,  and  the  clouds 
The  dust  that  waits  upon  his  sultry  march, 
W^hen  sin  hath  mov'd  him,  and  his  wrath  is  hot, 
Shall  visit  earth  in  mercy ;  shall  descend 
Propitious  in  his  chariot  paved  with  love  ; 
And  what  his  storms  have  blasted  and  defac'd 
For  man's  revolt,  shall  with  a  smile  repair. 

Sweet  is  the  harp  of  prophecy;  too  sweet 

Not  to  be  wrong'd  by  a  mere  mortal  touch  : 

Nor  can  the  wonders  it  records  be  sung 

To  meaner  music  and  not  suffer  loss. 

O  scenes  surpassing  fable,  and  yet  true, 

Scenes  of  accomplish'd  bliss  !  which  who  can  see, 

Though  but  in  distant  prospect,  and  not  feel 

His  soul  refreshed  with  foretaste  of  the  joy  ? 

Rivers  of  gladness  water  all  the  earth, 

And  clothe  all  climes  with  beauty ;  the  reproach 

Of  barrenness  is  past.     The  fruitful  field 

Laughs  with  abundance;  and  the  land,  once  lean. 

Or  fertile  only  in  its  own  disgrace, 


ANALYTICAL  READER,  339 

Humiliating.     Can  you  tell  why  they  were  humiliat- 
ing ? 

PalK  cloak,  mantle,  covering  for  the  dead. 
Hideous,  frightful,  terrific,  horrible,  dreadful. 
Object.     What  was  that  object  ? 


Millennium,  happy  period  of  the  world,  predicted  in 

the  Bible,  when  Christ  shall  reign  a  thousand  years, 

king  of  nations. 
Nether,  lower,  in  opposition  to  the  upper  world,  or 

heaven. 
.Prophets,   men   inspired  by    God   to  foretell  future 

events. 

Lamp.  Can  you  explain  alt  this  figure  ? 
Sabbath,  first  day  of  the  week,  day  of  sacred  rest. 
Six  thousand.     How  long  since   the  creation  of  the 

world  1 

Sorrow.     What  has  been  the  cause  of  this  sorrow  ? 
Disastrous,  calamitous,  distressful. 
Tempestuous,  stormy  ;   from  tempest. 
Human  things,  affairs  of  men,  moral  world. 
As  the  working.     What  is  the  figure  here  used  ? 
Car,  chariot,  vehicle,  war  carriage. 
Sultry,  hot,  scorching  under  a  meridian  sun. 
Wrath,  vengeance,  determination  to  punish. 
Propitious,  benignant,  merciful,  restoring  to  favor. 
Paved,  floored,  covered,  laid  over  with  stone. 
Defaced,  marred,  despised,  disfigured. 
Revolt,  rebellion,  refusal  to  obey. 
Prophecy,  prof  fe-se,  prediction. 
Harp.     How  are  prophets  here  represented'? 
Mortal  touch,  touch  of  mortal  man. 
Records,  re-kords,  writes  down. 
O  scenes.     What  figure  of  speech  is  here  used  ? 
Surpassing,  excelling,  going  beyond,  superior  to. 
Foretaste,  prelibation,  anticipation. 
Rivers  of  gladness.     Illustrate  this  figure. 
Climes,  regions,  countries,  poetically  for  climate. 
Reproach,  disgrace,  censure,  blame. 
.Laughs.     What  is  the  field  represented  to  be  here  1 
Lean,  gaunt,  poor,  sterile. 


240  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Exults  to  see  its  thistly  curse  repealed. 

The  various  seasons  woven  into  one, 

And  that  one  season  an  eternal  spring. 

The  garden  fears  no  blight,  and  needs  no  fence, 

For  there  is  none  to  covet,  all  are  full. 

The  lion  and  the  libbard  and  the  bear, 

Graze  with  the  fearless  flocks  ;  all  bask  at  noon 

Together,  or  all  gambol  in  the  shade 

Of  the  same  grove,  and  drink  one  common  stream. 

Antipathies  are  none.     No  foe  to  man 

Lurks  in  the  serpent  now  :  the  mother  sees, 

And  smiles  to  see,  her  infant's  playful  hand 

Stretch'd  forth  to  dally  with  the  crested  worm, 

To  stroke  his  azure  neck,  or  to  receive 

The  lambent  homage  of  his  snowy  tongue, 

All  creatures  worship  now,  and  all  mankind 

One  Lord,  one  Father. 

One  song  employs  all  nations ;  and  all  cry, 

"  Worthy  the  Lamb,  for  he  was  slain  for  us  !" 

The  dwellers  in  the  vales  and  on  the  rocks 

Shout  to  each  other,  and  the  mountain  tops 

From  distant  mountains  catch  the  flying  joy, 

Till  nation  after  nation  taught  the  strain, 

Earth  rolls  the  rapturous  hosanna  round. 

Behold  the  measure  of  the  promise  filPd  ; 

See  Salem  built,  the  labor  of  a  God  ! 

Bright  as  a  sun  the  sacred  city  shines ; 

All  kingdoms  and  all  princes  of  the  earth 

Flock  to  that  light  ;  the  glory  of  all  lands 

Flows  into  her  ;  unbounded  is  her  joy 

And  endless  her  increase. 

Praise  is  in  all  her  gates  ;  upon  her  walls, 

And  in  her  streets,  and  in  her  spacious  courts, 

Is  heard  salvation. 

Her  report  has  travell'd  forth 
Into  all  lands.     From  every  clime  they  come 
To  see  thy  beauty  and  to  share  thy  joy. 
O  Sion  !  an  assembly  such  as  earth 
Saw  never,  such  as  Heaven  stoops  down  to  see* 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  -J41 

Fertile,  fer'  til,  plenteous,  fruitful. 

Exults,  rejoices,  leaps  for  jx>y,  is  glad. 

Thistly,  (See  Gen.  3:  17,  18,)   abounding  with  this- 
tles. 

Blight,  mildew,  any  thing  nipping,  or  blasting. 

Various  seasons.     What  are  the  seasons  ? 

Libbard,  leopard,  Isaiah,  11 :  6,  7. 

Graze,  €at  grass,  abide  in  the  pasture. 

Gambol,  frolic,  sport,  play. 

Bask,  lie  out  in  the  sun,  expose  themselves  to  the  heat. 

Antipathies,  hatreds,  grudgings,  animosities. 

Lurks,  is  secreted,  conceals  itself,  Gen.  o  :  14,  15. 

Playful  hand,  hand  engaged  in  play. 

Dally,  sport,  play,  wanton. 

Crested,  adorned  with  a  crest,  wearing  a  comb. 

Lambent,  playing  about,  gliding  over  without  harm. 

Homage,  respect,  worship,  obedience,  duty. 

Worship,  fear,  exercise  acts  of  piety  towards  God. 

One  song.     What   must  persons  become  to  sing  this 
song  1 

Worthy  the  Lamb.     Revelation  5  :  12. 

Mountain  tops,  tops  used  for  the  people  living  on  them. 

From  distant  mountains.     What  figure  is  here  used  ? 

Strain.     What  song  is  this  ? 

Rapturous,  from  rapture,  transporting,  heavenly. 

Measure,  extent,  dimension,  portion. 

Salem,  Jerusalem,  figuratively,  the  true  church. 

Shines,  thus  shining,  when   pure  and  extending  over 
all  the  earth. 

Flock,  go  in  flocks,  collect. 

Glory,  excellence,  honor,  splendor. 

Stones.     What  is  the  figure  here  employed  ? 

Unbounded,  from  bound,  unlimited. 

Her   gates,  her  houses,  gates  put  for  the  places  to 
which  they  Lead. 

Spacious,  from  space,  large,  extensive. 

Salvation,  songs  of  deliverance,  praise  to  the  Savior. 
-Report,  fame,  news,  rurnor,  intelligence,  noise. 

Into  all  lands,  over  all  the  world. 

Share,  participate,  have  a  share  in. 

Sion,  mountain  at  Jerusalem,  figuratively,  the  church, 

Stoops,  how  is  heaven  here  represented  ? 
21 


242  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

LESSON  LV. 

Account  of  a  Volcano  in  Hawaii. — ELLTS'S  TOUR. 

"About  two  P.  M.  the  crater  of  Kirauea  suddenly 
burst  upon  our  view.  We  expected  to  have  seen  a  moun- 
tain with  a  broad  base  and  rough  indented  sides,  com- 
posed of  loose  slags  or  hardened  streams  of  lava,  and 
whose  summit  would  have  presented  a  rugged  wall  of 
scoria,  forming  the  rim  of  a  mighty  caldron.  But  in- 
stead of  this,  we  found  ourselves  on  the  edge  of  a  steep 
precipice,  with  a  vast  plain  before  us,  fifteen  or  sixteen 
miles  in  circumference,  and  sunk  from  200  to  400  feet 
below  its  original  level.  The  surface  of  this  plain  was 
uneven,  and  strewed  over  with  huge  stones  and  volcanic 
rocks,  and  in  the  centre  of  it  was  the  great  crater,  at  a 
distance  of  a  mile  and  a  half  from  the  precipice  on  which 
we  were  standing.  Our  guides  led  us  round  towards  the 
north  end  of  the  ridge,  in  order  to  find  a  place  by  which 
we  might  descend  to  the  plain  below.  As  we  passed 
along,  we  observed  the  natives,  who  had  hitherto  refused 
to  touch  any  of  the  ohelo  berries,  now  gathered  several 
branches,  and,  after  offering  a  part  to  Pele,  eat  them 
very  freely." 

"  Several  of  them  told  us,  as  they  turned  round  from 
the  crater,  that  after  such  acknowledgments,  they  might 
eat  of  the  fruit  with  security. 

We  walked  on  to  the  north  end  of  the  ridge,  where 
the  precipice  being  less  steep,  a  descent  to  the  plain  be- 
low seemed  practicable.  It  required,  however,  the  great- 
est caution,  as  the  stones  and  fragments  of  rocks  fre- 
quently gave  way  under  our  feet,  and  rolled  down  from 
above  ;  but  with  all  our  care,  we  did  not  reach  the  bot- 
tom without  several  falls  and  slight  bruises.  The  steep 
which  we  descended,  was  formed  of  volcanic  matter,  ap^ 
parently  a  light  red,  and  gray  kind  of  lava,  vesicular,  and 
lying  in  horizontal  strata,  varying  in  thickness  from  one 
to  forty  feet.  In  a  small  number  of  places,  the  different 
strata  of  lava  were  also  rent  in  perpendicular  or  oblique 
directions,  from  the  top  to  the  bottom,  either  by  earth- 
quakes, or  other  violent  convulsions  of  the  ground  con- 
nected with  the  action  of  the  adjacent  volcano.  After 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  243 

Hawaii,  or  Owygee,  the  largest  of  the  Sandwich  Isl- 
ands, containing  about  4000  square  miles,  and 
85,UOO  inhabitants. 

P.  M.,  Post  Meridiem,  afternoon. 

Crater,  cavity,  large   vent  by  which   a  volcano  emits 

its  fire. 
,-View,  prospect,  sight,  to  look,  to  behold. 

Indented,  uneven,  having  inequalities  like  teeth. 

Lava,  burning  substance,  overflowings  of  fire  and 
ashes. 

Scoria,  dross,  matter  thrown  out  from  a  volcano. 

Circumference,  circuit,  measure  round  any  thing. 

-Feet,  lower  extremities  of  animals,  measure  of  length, 
support. 

-Original,  primary,  former,  not  borrowed. 

-Level,  smooth,  even,  to  make  plain,  plain  horizontal 
surface. 

-Guides,  conductors,  shows,  leads,  points  out. 

-Ridge,  rough  top  of  any  thing,  ground  thrown  up  by 
a  plough. 

Natives,  persons  born  in  the  country,  not  foreigners. 

Pele,  the  principal  goddess  of  volcanoes. 

Ohelo,  a  shrub,  producing  beautiful  red  and  yellow 
berries  in  clusters,  of  the  size  and  shape  of  a  large 
currant. 

Volcano,  burning  mountain.  Where  are  the  most 
celebrated  ?  See  App. 

Acknowledgments,  adoration.     Was  it  superstitious  1 

Security,  safety,  without  any  danger. 

Practicable,  performable,  feasible,  capable  of  being 
done. 

Fragments,  broken  pieces. 

Frequently,  often,  repeatedly  ;  from  frequent. 

Care,  precaution,  carefulness,  prudence,  watchfulness. 

Vesicular,  ve-sik'  ft-lar,  hollow,  full  of  small  intersti- 
ces. 

Horizontal,  level,  on  a  plane  with  the  horizon. 

Thickness,  denseness,  want  of  rareness,  closeness. 

Perpendicular,  upright,  in  right  angles  to  the  horizon. 

Oblique,  inclining,  crooked,  indirect. 

Earthquakes,  violent  movements  of  the  earth. 

Adjacent,  adjoining,  lying  near. 


244  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

walking  some  distance  over  the  sunken  plain,  which  in 
several  places  sounded  hollow  under  our  feet,  \ve  at  length 
came  to  the  edge  of  the  great  crater,  where  a  spectacle, 
sublime,  and  even  appalling,  presented  itself  to  view  be- 
fore us.  Astonishment  and  awe  rendered  us  mute,  and, 
like  statues,  we  stood  fixed  to  the  spot,  with  our  eyes 
liveted  on  the  abyss  below.  Immediately  before  us 
yawned  an  immense  gulf,  in  the  form  of  a  crescent,  about 
two  miles  in  length,  from  northeast  to  southwest,  nearly 
a  mile  in  width,  and  apparently  800  feet  deep,  the  bot- 
tom was  covered  with  lava  ;  and  the  southwest  and 
northern  parts  of  it  were  one  vast  flood  of  burning  mat- 
ter, in  a  state  of  terrific  ebullition,  rolling  to  and  fro  'its 
fiery  surge'  and  flaming  billows.  Fifty-one  conical  isl- 
ands, of  various  form  and  size,  containing  so  many  cra- 
ters, rose  either  round  the  edge  or  from  the  surface  of 
the  burning  lake.  Twenty-two  constantly  emitted  col- 
umns of  gray  smoke,  or  pyramids  of  burning  flame  ;  and 
several  of  these  at  the  same  time  vomited  from  their  ig- 
nited mouths  streams  of  lava,  which  rolled  in  blazing 
torrents  down  their  black  indented  sides  into  the  boiling 
mass  below. 

The  existence  of  these  conical  craters,  led  us  to  con- 
clude, that  the  boiling  caldron  of  lava  before  us,  did  not 
form  the  focus  of  the  volcano;  that  this  mass  of  melting 
lava  was  comparatively  shallow;  and  that  the  bason  in 
which  it  was  contained,  was  separated  by  a  stratum  of 
solid  matter,  from  the  great  volcanic  abyss,  which  con- 
stantly poured  out  its  melted  contents  through  these  nu- 
merous craters  into  this  upper  reservoir.  We  were  fur- 
ther inclined  to  this  opinion,  from  the  vast  columns  of 
vapor  continually  ascending  from  the  chasms  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  sulphur  banks  and  pools  of  water,  for  they 
must  have  been  produced  by  other  fire  than  that  which 
caused  the  ebullition  in  the  lava  at  the  bottom  of  the  great 
crater  ;  and  also  by  noticing  a  number  of  small  craters, 
in  vigorous  action,  situated  high  up  the  sides  of  the  great 
gulf,  and  apparently  quite  detached  from  it.  The  streams 
of  lava  which  they  emitted  rolled  down  the  lake,  and 
mingled  on  the  melted  mass  there,  which,  though  thrown 
up  by  different  apertures,  had  perhaps  been  originally 
fused  in  one  vast  furnace.  The  sides  of  the  gulf  before 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  245 

Sublime,   grand.     What  is  the  difference  between 

grandeur  and  beauty. 
Appalling,  ap-pall'  ing,  fearful,  frightful. 
Mute,  silent,  not  vocal,  speechless. 
Statues,  lifeless  images  made  of  stone,  wood,  wax.  &c. 
Rivetted,  fastened,  nailed,  firmly  fixed. 
Abyss,  deep  place,  profound  gulf,  fathomless  pit. 
Yawned,  yawn'd,  gaped,  opened  wide. 
Terrific,  fearful,  dreadful,  inspiring  fear. 
Ebullition,  boiling  effervescence  caused    by  intense 

heat. 

Surge,  billow.     Whence  the  allusion  ?     , 
Conical,  kon'  e-kal,  in  form  of  a  cone. 
.-Islands,  masses,  land  surrounded  with  water. 
Emitted,  vomited,  sent  out. 

Pyramids,  cones,  a  solid  figure  like  a  sugar  loaf. 
Columns,  koi7  lums,  round  pillars,  file  of  troops,  half 

page. 

Ignited,  burning,  flaming,  set  on  fire. 
-Down,  descending  along,  soft  feathers,  open  plain. 
-Led,  guided,  induced,  were  the  means  of  making. 
Focus,  centre,  radiating  point,   place  of  emission  or 

concentration. 

Caldron,  kawlx  drun,  pot,  boiler,  large  kettle. 
-Shallow,  not  deep,  thin,  light  headed. 
-Stratum,  Latin  word  signifying  layer.     What   is  the 

plural  ? 

Further,  also,  likewise,  furthermore. 
What  is  vapor  called   when  collected   in  the  atmos- 

pliere  1 

.Ascending,  going  up,  rising. 
Chasms,    kazmz,    clefts,    gaps,  openings,  vacuities, 

rents. 

Vicinity,  neighborhood,  around,  adjacent  country. 
.Sulphur,  brimstone,  inflammable  earth. 
Vigorous,  strong,  sturdy,  healthy,  robust. 
-Action,  operation,  engagement,  activity. 
Apertures,  ap'  ur-tshurz,  openings,  acts  of  opening. 
•Originally,  at  first,  primarily. 
Fused,  fuz'd,  reduced  from  a  solid  to  a  liquid. 
Furnace,  enclosed  fire  place,  place  were   metals  are 
fused. 

21* 


246  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

us,  although  composed  of  different  strata  of  ancient  lava, 
were  perpendicular  for  about  400  feet,  and  rose  from  a 
wide  horizontal  ledge  of  solid  black  lava  of  irregular 
breadth,  but  extending  completely  round.  Beneath  this 
ledge,  the  sides  sloped  gradually  towards  the  burning 
lake,  which  was,  as  nearly  as  we  could  judge,  300  or  400 
feet  lower.  It  was  evident,  that  the  large  crater  had 
been  recently  filled  with  liquid  lava  up  to  the  black  ledge, 
and  had,  by  some  subterranean  canal,  emptied  itself  into 
the  seas  or  upon  the  low  land  upon  the  shore.  The  gray, 
and  in  some  places,  apparently  calcined,  sides  of  the 
great  crater  before  us  ;  the  fissures  which  intersected 
the  surface  of  the  plain  on  which  we  were  standing ;  the 
long  banks  of  sulphur  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  abyss; 
the  vigorous  action  of  the  numerous  small  craters  on  its 
borders  ;  the  dense  columns  of  vapor  and  smoke,  that 
rose  on  the  north  and  south  ends  of  the  plain  ;  together 
with  the  ridge  of  steep  rocks  by  which  it  was  surrounded, 
rising  probably  in  some  places  300  or  400  feet  in  per- 
pendicular height,  presented  an  immense  volcanic  pan- 
orama, the  effect  of  which  was  greatly  augmented  by  the 
constant  roaring  of  the  vast  furnaces  below. 

We  partook  with  cheerfulness  of  our  evening  repast, 
and  afterwards,  amidst  the  whistling  winds  around,  and 
the  roaring  furnace  beneath,  rendered  our  evening  sac- 
rifice of  praise,  and  committed  ourselves  to  the  secure 
protection  of  our  God.  We  then  spread  our  mats  on 
the  ground,  but  as  we  were  all  wet  with  rain,  against 
which  our  huts  were  but  an  indifferent  shelter,  we  pre- 
ferred to  sit  or  .stand  round  the  fire,  rather  than  lie  down 
on  the  ground.  Between  nine  and  ten,  the  dark  clouds 
and  heavy  fogs,  that,  since  the  setting  of  the  sun,  had 
hung  over  the  volcano,  gradually  cleared  away,  and  the 
fires  of  Kirauea,  darting  their  fierce  light  athwart  the 
midnight  gloom,  unfolded  a  sight  terrible  and  sublime, 
beyond  all  that  we  had  yet  seen. 

The  agitated  mass  of  liquid  lava,  like  a  flood  of  melted 
metal,  raged  with  tumultuous  whirl.  The  lively  flame 
that  danced  over  its  undulating  surface,  tinged  with  sul- 
phurous blue,  or  glowing  with  mineral  red,  cast  a  broad 
glare  of  dazzling  light  on  the  indented  sides  of  the  insu- 
ated  crater,  whose  roaring  mouths,  amidst  rising  flames 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  24T 

Gulf,  abyss.     With  what  was  it  filled  ? 

Although,  al-THo',  nevertheless,  notwithstanding. 

Composed,  made  up,  constituted. 
-.Ancient,  old,  antiquated,  long  since  thrown  out. 

Wide,  broad,  extended  in  breadth. 

Ledge,  broken  mass  of  stones,  layer,  stratum. 

Sloped,  declined. 

.Perpendicular,  per-pen-dic'  u-lar, 
.Subterranean,  under  ground. 

Canal,  channel,  excavation.     What  is   the  use  of  ca- 
nals ? 

Fissures,  clefts,  holes,  openings,  rents. 

Intersected,  passed  between,  divided. 

Calcined,  pulverized,  reduced  to  powder,  friable. 
-Banks,  shores,  margins,  sides,  dykes,  places  for  mou- 

-e>'*   . 
What  is  a  volcano  ?     What  are  melted  stones  ? 

What  do  you  understand  by  lava  ? 

How  were  these  persons  in  danger. 

-Borders,  confines,  boundaries,  joins  on,  lies  near. 

Dense,  thick,  conglomerated. 

Surrounded,  environed,  inclosed. 

Probably,  perhaps,  not  certainly,   expressing  more 

than  possibly. 

.Panorama,  spectacle,  representation. 
Whistling,  sighing,  singing.     Whence   the   allusion? 
Sacrifice,  sak'  kre-f  ize,  oblation,  worship. 
Were  they  surrounded  by  evidences  of  the  power  of 

God? 

Mats,  clothes,  blankets,  texture  of  flags,  rushes,   &-c. 
Preferred,  chose,  offered  up. 
-Shelter,  cover,  protect,  shield,  defend,  defence. 
Between,  betwixt,  intervening. 
Fogs,  dense  vapors.     Are  they  more  frequent  in  high 

or  low  ground  ? 

Cleared,  removed,  dissipated,  dispersed. 
Fierce,  furious,  savage,  brightly  gleaming. 
Athwart,  across,  from  side  to  side. 
-Midnight,  middle  of  the  night,  deep,  dense. 
Unfolded,  displayed,  laid  open,  revealed. 
Tumultuous,  furious,  disordered,  confused. 
Whirl,    quick   revolution,  giddy   circle,  like    a  sling 

stone. 


248  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

and  eddying  streams  of  fire,  shot  up,  at  frequent  inter- 
vals, with  loudest  detonation,  spherical  masses  of  fusing 
lava,  or  bright  ignited  stones.  The  dark  bold  outline  of 
the  perpendicular  and  jutting  rocks  around,  formed  a 
striking  contrast  with  the  luminous  lake  below,  whose 
vivid  rays,  thrown  on  the  rugged  promontories,  and  re- 
flected by  the  overhanging  clouds,  combined  to  complete 
the  awful  grandeur  of  the  imposing  scene.  We  sat 
gazing  on  the  amazing  phenomena  for  several  hours, 
when  we  laid  ourselves  down  on  our  mats,  in  order  to 
observe  more  leisurely,  their  varying  aspect  ;  for,  al- 
though we  had  travelled  upwards  of  twenty  miles  since 
the  morning,  and  were  both  weary  and  cold,  we  felt  but 
little  disposition  to  sleep.  This  disinclination  was  prob- 
ably increased  by  our  proximity  to  the  yawning  gulf,  and 
our  conviction,  that  the  detachment  of  a  fragment  from 
beneath  the  overhanging  pile  on  which  we  were  reclin- 
ing, or  the  slightest  concussion  of  the  earth,  which  every 
thing  around  indicated  to  be  no  unfrequent  occurrence, 
would  perhaps  precipitate  us  amidst  the  horrid  rash  of 
falling  rocks,  into  the  burning  lake  immediately  before  us. 

The  natives  who  probably  viewed  the  scene  with 
thoughts  and  feelings  somewhat  different  from  ours, 
seemed,  however,  equally  interested.  They  sat  most  of 
the  night,  talking  of  the  achievements  ofPele,  and  re- 
garded with  a  superstitious  fear,  at  which  we  were  not 
surprised,  the  brilliant  exhibition.  They  considered  it 
the  primeval  abode  of  their  volcanic  deities.  The  con- 
ical craters,  they  said,  were  their  house  where  they  fre- 
quently amused  themselves,  by  playing  at  konane,  the 
roaring  furnaces  and  the  crackling  of  the  flames,  were 
the  kaniof  their  hura,  and  the  red  flaming  surge,  was 
the  surf  wherein  they  played,  sportively  swimming  on  the 
rolling  wave. 

But  the  magnificent  fires  of  Kirauea,  appeared  to 
dwindle  into  insignificance,  when  we  thought  of  the  sub- 
terranean fires  immediately  beneath  us.  The  whole  isl- 
and of  Hawaii,  covering  a  space  of  4000  square  miles, 
from  the  summits  of  its  lofty  mountains,  perhaps  15,000 
or  16,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  down  to  the 
beach,  is,  according  to  every  observation  we  could  make, 
one  complete  mass  of  lava,  or  other  volcanic  matter,  in 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  249 

Danced,  moved  nimbly.     Why  said  to  dance  ? 

Undulating,  moving  in  gentle  waves,  waving. 

Tinged,  colored,  impregnated,  tinctured. 

Mineral  red,  having  the  color  of  minerals. 

Detonation,  explosion,  loud  noise  like  thunder. 

Spherical,  sfeV  re-kal,  round,  globular,  circular. 

Outline,  rough  sketch,  first  draught,  prominent  fea- 
tures. 

Jutting,  overhanging,  shelving,  impending. 

Contrast,  opposition.     State  what  the  contrast  was. 

Luminous,  liV  me-nus,  bright,  enlightened. 

Awful,  terrific.  A  word  thus  used  is  an  epithet  or  ad- 
jective. 

Are  epithets  multiplied  in  this  piece  1  What  is  the 
effect  upon  the  style,  if  they  are  too  numerous  ? 

-Phemomena,  strange  spectacles,  facts  in  science. 

-Disposition,  placing,  collocation,  tem-per,  inclination, 

.Proximity,  nearness,  vicinity,  neighborhood. 

Conviction,  belief,  impression. 

Pile,  heap  together,  mass,  heap. 

Concussion,  shaking,  tremefaction. 

Occurrence,  incident,  fact,  event. 

Horrid,  dreadful,  tremendous. 

-Immediately,  just,  directly,  instantly,  thig  moment. 

Somewhat,  rather,  in  a  measure,  from  some  and 
what. 

Achievements,  exploits,  deeds,  heroic  acts. 

Superstitious,  credulous,  weak,  unreasonable. 

Primeval,  elder,  former,  original,  first. 

Deities,  idols,  in  the  plural  always  meaning  false 
gods. 

-Houses,  edifices,  buildings,  structures,  protects. 

Amused,  entertained,  pleased. 

JKonane,  a  game  resembling  drafts. 

Kani  of  their  hura,  music  of  their  dance. 

Swimming  on  the  sea,  when  there  is  a  high  surf,  is  a 
favorite  amusement  with  the  islanders. 

Surf,  surge,  swell  of  the  sea  caused  by  beating  against 
a  shore  or  rock. 

Magnificent,  grand,  imposing,  adorned, 

~Fires,  flames,  sets  on  fire,  inflames. 

>Space,  area,  measure  of  time,  indefinite  expansion. 


250  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

different  stages  of  decomposition.  Perforated  with  in- 
numerable apertures,  in  the  shape  of  craters,  the  island 
forms  one  hollow  cone  over  one  vast  furnace,  situated  in 
the  heart  of  a  stupendous  submarine  mountain,  rising 
from  the  bottom  of  the  sea  ;  or  possibly  the  fires  may 
rage  with  augmented  force  beneath  the  bed  of  the  ocean, 
rearing  through  the  superincumbent  weight  of  waters, 
the  base  of  Hawaii,  and,  at  the  same  time,  forming  a 
pyramidal  funnel  from  the  furnace  to  the  atmosphere." 


LESSON  LV1. 

Eve's  Lamentation  on  leaving  Paradise. — MILTON. 

O  unexpected  stroke,  worse  than  of  Death  ! 

Must  I  thus  leave  thee,  Paradise,  thus  leave 

Thee,  native  soil,  these  happy  walks  and  shades, 

Fit  haunt  of  Gods,  where  I  had  hoped  to  spend 

Quiet  though  sad,  the  respite  of  that  day 

That  must  be  mortal  to  us  both.     O  flowers, 

That  never  will  in  other  climate  grow, 

My  early  visitation  and  my  last 

At  even,  which  I  bred  up  with  tender  hand 

From  the  first  opening  bud,  and  gave  ye  names, 

Who  now  shall  rear  ye  to  the  sun,  or  rank 

Your  tribes,  and  water  from  the  ambrosial  fount  ? 

Thee,  lastly,  nuptial  bower,  by  me  adorn'd 

With  what  to  sight  or  smell  was  sweet ;  from  thee 

How  shall  I  part,  and  whither  wander  down 

Into  a  lower  world,  to  this  obscure 

And  wild  ?     How  shall  we  breathe  in  other  air 

Less  pure,  accustom'd  to  immortal  fruits  ? 


LESSON  LVIL 
Niagara  Falls. — U.  S.  LIT.  GAZETTE. 

Notwithstanding  the  number  of  people,  who  constantly 
visit  Niagara  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  yet  there  are 
those,  with  whom  it  is  a  matter  of  some  doubt,  whether 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  251 

Where  is  the  highest  mountain  in  the  world  ?    Asia. 

How  high  are  the  Andes  ?     More  than  20,000  feet. 

-Stages,  floors  for  theatrical  exhibition,  single  steps. 

Decomposition,  decay,  reducing  to  original  elements. 

Perforated,  transpierced,  bored,  run  through. 

-Shape,  form,  fit  out,  arrange. 

Submarine,  under  the  sea,  down  in  the  waters. 

Superincumbent,  lying  above,  resting  upon,  over- 
hanging. 

Funnel,  tunnel,  aperture,  outlet,  passage  out. 

What  are  the  characteristics  of  this  description  ? 

Paradise.     Where  and  what  was  this  ?    Gen.  i. 

Unexpected,  from  expect,  unlocked  for,  sudden,  sur- 
prising. 

Leave  thee.  Tell  me  the  figure  of  speech  here  em- 
ployed. 

Happy  walks,  walks  in  which  happiness  was  enjoyed. 

Haunt,  hant,  visiting  place,  resort,  recess. 

-Respite,  interval,  pause,  remainder,  reprieve. 

Mortal,  of  limited  duration,  transient. 

Other  climate.    What  was  the  climate  of  Paradise? 

Visitation,  from  visit,  objects  of  my  visits,  or  care. 

Bred  up,  reared,  cultivated,  tended,  nourished. 

Tender,  delicate,  careful,  gentle. 

Opening  bud.  What  was  Eve's  employment  in  Par- 
adise ? 

Ambrosial,  delicious,  partaking  of  the  qualities  of 
ambrosia. 

Fount,  fountain,  spring,  source  of  a  stream. 

Nuptial  bower,  wedding  bower,  place  in  which  mar- 
riage was  celebrated. 

Lower  world.  Why  were  the  places  out  of  Paradise 
called  lower  1 

Obscure,  dark,  stormy,  mysterious,  unknown. 

Accustomed  to,  having  fed  on,  familiar  with. 

Immortal  fruits.  Why  were  the  fruits  cf  Paradise 
called  immortal  ? 

On  what  account  was  Eve  compelled  to  leave  that 
lovely  spot  1 

Niagara,  ne-ag'a-ra.  Where  is  it  ?  Between  what 
Lakes  1  A  pp. 

Notwithstanding.  Of  what  three  words  is  this  com- 
pounded ? 


SEQUEL  TO  THE 

a  man  may  go  beneath  the  falls,  and  live.  Many,  when 
they  look  upon  this  scene,  are  overcome  with  terror  and 
cannot  approach  it.  Others,  of  firmer  nerves,  venture  into 
the  ancillary  droppings  of  this  queen  of  waters,  and,  con- 
founded by  the  noise,  wind  and  spray,  and  still  more  by 
their  own  imagination,  scramble  into  daylight,  fully  per- 
suaded that  they  could  not  have  lived  there  another  mo- 
ment. 

But  effectually  to  achieve  this  performance,  it  is  only 
necessary  that  we  have  confidence.  The  scene  itself  is 
dreadful  enough,  and  its  natural  terrors,  if  armed  with 
the  persuasion  that  our  design  cannot  be  accomplished, 
will  inevitably  defeat  it. 

It  is  a  general  impression,  that,  to  go  under  the  falls, 
we  must  walk  upon  the  level,  where  they  spend  their  fury, 
and  within  arm's  length  of  the  torrent ;  but  it  is  not  so, 
our  path  lies  upon  the  top  of  the  bank,  at  least  thirty  feet 
above  the  bottom  of  the  abyss,  and  as  far  in  a  horizontal 
line  from  the  course  of  the  Falls,  and  close  under  the  im- 
mense rock  which  supports  them.  This  bank  overhangs 
us,  as  on  one  side  of  an  irregular  arch,  of  which  the  cor- 
responding side  is  formed  by  the  sheet  of  water,  and 
thus,  instead  of  groping  our  way  at  the  foot  of  the  nar- 
row passage,  we  stand  mounted  in  a  stupendous  cavern. 

On  a  fine  morning  in  August  last,  soon  after  sun  rise, 
I  set  out  with  a  friend  and  a  guide  to  visit  the  sublime 
scene.  The  first  thing  to  be  done,  after  descending  the 
tower  of  steps,  is  to  strip  ourselves  of  all  clothing,  ex- 
cept a  single  covering  of  linen,  and  a  silk  handkerchief 
tied  tight  over  the  ears.  This  costume,  with  the  addi- 
tion of  a  pair  of  pumps,  is  the  court-dress  of  the  pal- 
ace of  Niagara. 

We  passed  about  50  rods  under  the  table  rock,  be- 
neath ^hose  brow  and  crumbling  sides,  we  could  not 
stop  to  shudder,  our  minds  were  at  once  so  excited  and 
oppressed,  as  we  approached  the  eternal  gateway,  which 
nature  has  built  df  the  motionless  rock  and  the  rushing 
torrents,  as  a  fitting  entrance  to  her  most  awful  magnifi- 
cence. We  turned  a  jutting  corner  of  the  rock,  and 
the  chasm  yawned  upon  us.  The  noise  of  the  cataract 
was  almost  deafening,  its  headlong  grandeur  rolled  from 
the  very  skies;  we  were  drenched  by  the  overflowings 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  253 

Falls.     What  is  the  height  of  the  falls  ?     App. 

Overcome,  conquered,  subdued  ;  from  what  derived  1 

Nerves,  organs  of  sensation  passing  from  the  brain  to 

all  parts  of  the  body. 

.Ancillary,     subservient,    subordinate,    like    waiting 
maids. 

Spray,  foam  of  the  water. 

Scramble,  climb  up  by  the  help  of  the  hands. 

Achieve,  accomplish,  do,  go  through  successfully. 

Performance,  feat,  act,  work  ;  from  perform. 
-Scene,  view,  appearance,  place,  division  of  a  play. 

Design,  de-sine7,  purpose,  scheme,  project. 

Inevitably,  unavoidabty,  assuredly. 

-General,  common,  prevalent. 

-Impression,  feeling,  conviction,  mark  made  by  pres- 
sure. 

Torrent,  rapid  stream,  swift  river. 

Abyss,  gulf,  pit,  deep  place  of  water. 

Horizontal,  on  a  level,  parallel  to  the  horizon. 
-Immense,  unlimited,  immeasurable. 

Arch,  artsh,  part  of  a  circle,  not  more  than  half. 
-Corresponding,    similar   arid   opposite,   keeping   up 
commerce. 

Sheet,  large  broad  piece,  any  thing  expanded. 

Instead,  in-sted',  in  the  place. 

Stupendous,  vast,  wonderful,  amazing,  astonishing. 

.Cavern,  cave  ;  from  what  derived  ? 

Sublime,  grand,  lofty,  elevated. 

Strip,  divest,  decorticate,  reduce  to  nudity. 

Costume,  dress,  fashionable  garb. 

Court  dress,  dress  worn  at  courts. 

Table-rock,  rock  with  a  flat  surface. 

-Brow,  arch  of  hair  over  the  eye,  forehead,  edge  of 
any  high  place. 

Nature.     Is  nature  here  personified? 

Fitting,  suitable,  convenient,  proper. 

Jutting,  projecting,  imminent,  sticking  out. 

-Yawned,  gaped  open,  oscitated. 

Cataract,  fall  of  waters  over  rocks. 

Headlong,  plunging  down,  coming  from  abore. 

Very  skies.     What  figure  is  here  used  I     See  App. 

.Drenched,  drained,  wet  through. 
22 


254  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

of  the  stream  ;  our  breath  was  checked  by  the  violence 
rf  che  wind,  which  for  a  moment  scattered  away  the 
clouds  of  spray,  when  a  full  view  of  the  torrent,  rain- 
ing down  its  diamonds  in  infinite  profusion,  opened  up- 
on us.  Nothing  could  equal  the  flashing  brilliancy  of 
the  spectacle.  The  weight  of  falling  waters  made  the 
very  rock  beneath  us  tremble,  and  from  the  cavern  that 
received  them  issued  a  roar,  as  if  the  confined  spirits  of 
all  who  had  ever  been  drowned  joined  in  a  united  scream 
for  help  !  Here  we  stood, — in  the  very  jaws  of  Niag- 
ara,— deafened  by  an  uproar,  whose  tremendous  din 
seemed  to  fall  upon  the  ear  in  tangible  and  ceaseless 
strokes,  and  surrounded  by  an  unimaginable  and  op- 
pressive grandeur.  My  mind  recoiled  from  the  immen- 
sity of  the  tumbling  tide  ;  and  thought  of  time  and  eter- 
nity, and  felt  that  nothing  but  its  own  immortality  could 
rise  against  the  force  of  such  an  element. 

The  guide  now  stopped  to  take  breath.  He  told  us, 
hallooing  in  our  ears  at  the  top  of  his  voice,  "that  we 
must  turn  our  heads  away  from  the  spray  when  it  blew 
against  us,  draw  the  hand  downwards  over  our  face,  if 
we  felt  giddy,  and  not  rely  too  much  on  the  loose  pieces 
of  rock."  With  these  instructions,  he  began  to  conduct 
us,  one  by  one,  beneath  the  sheet.  A  few  steps  farther, 
and  the  light  of  the  sun  no  longer  shone  upon  us.  There 
was  a  grave-like  twilight,  which  enabled  us  to  see  our 
way,  when  the  irregular  blasts  of  wind  drove  the  water 
from  us  ;  but  most  of  the  time  it  was  blown  upon  us 
from  the  sheet  with  such  fury,  that  every  drop  seemed  a 
sting,  and  in  such  quantity,  that  the  weight  seemed  al- 
most insupportable.  My  situation  was  distracting;  it 
grew  darker  at  every  step,  and  in  addition  to  the  gene- 
ral tremor  with  which  every  thing  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Niagara  is  shudder!  n jr,  I  could  feel  the  shreds  and 
splinters  of  the  rock,  yield  as  I  seized  them  for  support, 
and  my  feet  were  continually  slipping  upon  the  slimy 
stones.  I  was  obliged,  more  than  once,  to  have  recourse 
to  the  prescription  of  the  guide  to  cure  my  giddiness ; 
and  though  I  would  have  given  the  world  to  retrace  my 
steps,  I  felt  myself  following  his  darkened  figure,  van- 
ishing before  me,  as  the  maniac,  faithful  to  the  phan- 
toms of  his  illusion,  pursues  it  to  his  doom.  All  my  fac- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  255 

-Diamonds,  precious  minerals,  sparkling  waters. 

Profusion,  abundance,  extravagance,  plenty. 

Spectacle,  scene,  sight,  view,  exhibition. 

.Brilliancy,  lustre,  act  of  emitting  light. 

-Spirits,  souls,  liquors. 

Jaws.  What   does   this  word   represent  Niagara  to 

be  ? 

Din,  noise,  confused  rattling,  disturbance. 
Tangible,  perceptible  to   the  touch,   obvious  to  the 

sense. 

.Unimaginable,  inconceivable  ;  from  imagine. 
Recoiled,  withdrew  itself,  shrunk  back. 
.Immensity,  immeasurable  quantity  ;  from  immense. 
.Immortality,  everlasting  existence  ;  from  mortal. 
Against  the   force  of,   superior   to   being   destroyed 

by. 
Element,  first  principle  of  any  thing,   one  of  the  four 

things  composing  the  material  world. 
-Top,  summit,  highest  tone,  topmast  peak. 
-Giddy,  dizzy,  whirling  of  the  head,  light  headed. 
Rely,  trust,  look  for  support. 

Instructions,  premonitions.     Change  it  into  a  verb. 
Light  of  the  sun.     What  prevented  the  sun  shining 

on  them  ? 

.Twilight.     Why  was  this  twilight  like  the  grave  ? 
.Irregular,  inconstant,  moveable,  fitful. 
Sheet.     What  was  on  the  other  side  of  these  persons 

opposite  to  the  sheet  1 

Insupportable,  intolerable,  what  cannot  be  borne. 
Distracting,  bewildering,  making  one  crazy. 
Tremor,  trembling,  shuddering. 
.Shreds,  small  pieces  cut  off,  fragments. 
.Seized,  laid  hold  of,  took  by  surprise. 
Slimy,  overspread  with  slime,  slippery,  glutinous. 
.Prescription,  instruction,  medical  receipt. 
Retrace,  trace  back. 
Vanishing,     disappearing    suddenly,    going    out    of 

sight. 

.Maniac,  rnad  person,  lunatic. 
Illusion,  deception,  mocking  ;  from  illude. 
Doom,  death,  destruction,  decree. 


256  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

ulties  of  terror  seemed  strained  to  their  extreme,  and 
my  mind  lost  all  sensation,  except  the  sole  idea  of  an 
universal,  prodigious,  and  unbroken  motion. 

Although  the  noise  exceeded  by  far  the  extravagance 
of  my  anticipation,  I  was  in  some  degree  prepared  for 
this.  I  expected  too,  the  loss  of  breath  from  tire  com- 
pression of  air,  though  not  the  suffocation  of  the  spray  ; 
but  the  wind,  the  violence  of  the  wind  exceeding,  as  I 
thought,  in  swiftness  and  power,  the  most  desolating 
hurricane — how  came  the  wind  there  ?  there  too,  in 
such  violence  and  variety,  as  if  it  were  the  cave  of  ^Eo- 
lus  in  rebellion.  One  would  think  that  the  river  above, 
fearful  of  the  precipice  to  which  it  was  rushing,  in  the 
folly  of  its  desperation,  had  seized  with  giant  arms  up- 
on the  upper  air,  arid  in  its  half-way  course  abandoned 
it  in  agony. 

We  now  came  opposite  apart  of  the  sheet,  which  was 
thinner,  and  of  course  lighter.  The  guide  stopped  and 
pointed  upward  :  I  looked  and  beheld  the  sun,  "  shorn 
of  his  beams,"  indeed,  and  so  quenched  with  the  multi- 
tudinous waves,  that  his  faint  rays  shed  but  a  pale  and 
silvery  hue  upon  the  cragged  and  ever  humid  walls  of 
the  cavern. 

Nothing  can  be  looked  at  steadily  beneath  Niagara. 
The  hand  must  constantly  guard  the  eye  against  the 
showers  which  are  forced  from  the  main  body  of  the 
fell,  and  the  head  must  be  constantly  averted  from  a 
steady  position,  to  escape  the  sudden  and  vehement 
blasts  of  wind.  One  is  constantly  exposed  to  the  sudden* 
rising  of  the  spray,  which  bursts  up  like  smoke  from  a 
furnace,  till  it  fills  the  whole  cavern,  and  then,  condens- 
ed with  the  rapidity  of  steam,  is  precipitated  in  rain  ;  in 
addition  to  which,  there  is  no  support  but  the  flakes  of 
the  rocks,  which  are  constantly  dropping  off;  and  noth- 
ing to  stand  upon  but  a  bank  of  loose  stones,  covered 
with  innumerable  eels. 

Still  there  are  moments  when  the  eye,  at  one  glance, 
can  catch  a  glimpse  at  this  magnificent  saloon.  On  one 
side  the  enormous  ribs  of  the  precipice  arch  themselves 
with  Gothic  grandeur  more  than  one  hundred  feet  above 
our  heads,  with  a  rottenness  more  thaeatening  than  the 
waters  under  which  they  groaiu  From  their  summit 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  257 

Prodigious,  amazing,  monstrous  ;  from  prodigy. 

Exceeded,    surpassed,    was   superior  to,   went    be- 
yond. 

Extravagance,  prodigality,  expensiveness,  excess. 

Compression,   act  of  pressing  together  ;  from  com- 
press. 

Suffocation,  stoppage  of  breath,  act  of  choaking. 

Desolating,  destructive,  devastating,  fatal. 

.^Eolus,  fabled  god  of  the  winds,  who  confined  them 
in  a  cave. 

Rebellion,  from  rebel,  revolt,  insurrection. 

Precipice,  headlong  steep,  perpendicular  fall. 

Desperation,    despair,    desponding  ;    from    desper- 
ate. 

River.     What  is  it  made  to  appear  to  be  1 

Abandoned,  betrayed,  forsaken,  given  up. 

Shorn,  cut  off.     What  is  the  sun  made  ? 

Beams.     How  could  they  be  said  to  be  shorn  ? 

Multitudinous,  manifold,  numerous. 

Spell  hue,  shed  a  silvery  hue  ; — hew,  hew  down  the 
tree. 

Ever-humid,  always  moist,  ever  wet. 

Steadily,  for  a  long  time,  unwaveringly. 

-Guard,  protect,  defend,  limitation,  men  on  watch. 

Forced,  propelled,  driven  out  by  violence. 

Averted,  turned  away,  put  by. 

Vehement,  ve-he'ment,  violent,  forcible. 

Exposed,  laid  open,  made  liable. 

Condensed,  made  thick,  grown  close  and  weighty. 

Rapidity,  velocity,  swiftness  ;  from  rapid. 

Precipitated,  thrown  headlong,  hastened  without  pre- 
paration. 

Innumerable,  without  number,  numberless. 

.Eels.     What  kind  offish  are  they  ? 

Saloon,  sa-Ioon',  spacious  parlor,  chief  apartment. 

Enormous,  huge,  very  large,  unwieldy. 

Gothic,  ancient  order  of  architecture. 

Ribs,  side  bones.     What  does  this  word  make  the 
place  1 

Rottenness,  cariosity,  putrefaction. 

Groan.     Explain  the  whole  figure. 
22* 


258  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

is  projected,  with  incalculable  intensity,  a  silvery  flood",, 
in  which  the  sun  seems  to  dance  like  a  fire-fly.  Beneath^ 
is  a  chasm  of  death;  an  anvil,  upon  which  the  hammers 
of  the  cataract  beat,  with  unsparing  and  remorseless 
might ;  an  abyss  of  wrath,  where  the  heaviest  doom 
might  find  new  torment,  and  howl  unheard. 

We  had  now  penetrated  to  the  inmost  recess.  A  pil- 
lar of  the  precipice  juts  directly  out  into  the  sheet,  and 
beyond  it  no  human  foot  can  step  but  to  immediate  an- 
nihilation. The  distance  from  the  edge  of  the  falls,  to 
the  rock,  which  arrests  our  progress,  is  said  to  be  forty- 
five  feet,  but  I  do  not  think  this  has  ever  been  accurate- 
ly ascertained.  The  arch  under  which  we  passed,  is  ev- 
idently undergoing  a  rapid  decay  at  the  bottom,  while 
the  top,  unwasted,  juts  out  like  the  leaf  of  a  table.  Con- 
sequently a  fail  must  happen,  and,  judging  from  the  ap- 
pearance, may  be  expected  every  day  ;  and  this  is  proo- 
ably  the  only  real  danger  in  going  beneath  the  sheet. 
We  passed  to  our  temporary  home,  through  the  valley 
which  skirts  the  upper  stream,  among  gilded  clouds  and 
rainbows,  and  wild  flowers,  and  felt,  that  we  had  expe- 
rienced a  consummation  of  curiosity  ;  that  we  had  look- 
ed upon  that,  than  which  earth  could  offer  nothing  to 
the  eye  or  heart  of  man,  more  awful  or  more  magnifi- 
cent. 


LESSON  LVI1L 
Niagara. — BRAINARD. 

The  thoughts  are  strange,  which  crowd  into  my  brain* 

While  I  look  upward  to  thee.     It  would  seem 

As  if  God  poured  thee  from  his  hollow  hand, 

And  hung  his  bow  upon-  thine  awful  front, 

And  spoke  in  that  loud  voice  which  seemed  to  him 

Who  dwelt  in  Patmos  for  his  Savior's  sake, 

The  sound  of  many  waters  ;  and  thy  flood 

Had  bidden  chronicle  the  ages  back, 

And  notch  his  centuries  in  the  eternal  rocks. 

Deep  calleth  unto  deep.     And  what  are  we,. 

Who  hear  this  awful  questioning  ;  O  what 


ANALYTICAL  READER. 

Projected,  made  imminent,  extended  out. 

Incalculable,  immeasurable  ;  from  calculate. 

Dance.     How  is  the  sun  made  to  dance  ? 

Chasm  of  death,  chasm  into  which  it  would  be  death 
to  fall. 

Hammer  and  Anvil.     What  image  do  we  have  now  1 

Abyss  of  wrath.     What  is  the  meaning  ? 

Recess,  retirement,  secession,  retreat. 

Juts,  extends  itself,  projects. 

Immediate,  instant,  present  with  regard  to  time. 

.Annihilation,  death,  destruction,  nothingness. 

Arrests,  stops,  seizes,  takes  up. 

Ascertained,  found  out,  known  to  be  true. 

Evidently,  verily,  manifestly  ;  from  evident. 

Undergoing,  suffering  ;  of  what  is  it  compounded? 

Unwasted,  undecayed,  not  mouldered. 

-Appearance,  aspect,  demeanor. 

Temporary,  lasting  only  for  a  time. 

Skirts,  bounds,  extends  by  the  side  of. 

Gilded,  tinged  with  gold,  brilliant,  sparkling. 

Rainbows.     What  produced  these  ? 

Consummation,  from  consummate,  completion,  per- 
fection. 

Curiosity,  desire  of  seeing,  inclination  to  inquiry. 

Awful,  terrible,  fearful,  tremendous;  from  awe. 

Magnificent,  grand,  sublime,  wonderful,  vast. 


Strange, unusual,  magnificent, unaccustomed. 
Brain,  head,  seat  of  intellect,  matter  contained  in  the 

skull. 

Look  upward.     Why  does  the  writer  look  upward  1 
Hollow  hand,  see  Isaiah,  40:  12. 
His  bow,  rainbow,  Genesis  9 :  13. 
Patmos,  Island  were  St.  John  was  banished. 
Sound  of  many  waters,  Revelation  1  :  15. 
Chronicle,  record,  make  account  of. 
Back,  past,  preceding. 
Notch,  note  down,  mark  by  notches. 
-Centuries,  hundred  years,  sen'tshu-ries. 
Deep  calleth  unto  deep.     Psalm  42:  7. 
Questioning,  question,  and  response. 


260  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Are  all  the  stirring  notes  that  ever  rang 
From  war's  vain  trumpet,  by  thy  thundering  sides^ 
Yea,  what  is  all  the  riot  man  can  make 
In  his  short  life  to  thy  unceasing  roar  ! 
And  yet,  bold  babbler,  what  art  thou  to  Him 
Who  drowned  a  world,  and  heaped  the  waters  far 
Above  its  loftiest  mountains  ?  A  light  wave, 
That  breaks  and  whispers  of  its  Maker's  might, 


LESSON  LIX. 

Importance  of  Decision  of  Character. — FOSTER. 

Without  decision  of  character,  a  human  being  with 
powers  at  best  but  feeble,  is  indeed  a  pitiable  atom,  the 
sport  of  divers  and  casual  impulses.  It  is  a  poor  and 
disgraceful  thing,  not  to  be  able  to  reply,  with  some  de- 
gree of  certainty,  to  the  simple  questions,  What  will  you 
be  1  What  will  you  do  1 

A  little  acquaintance  with  mankind,  will  supply  num- 
berless illustrations  of  the  importance  of  this  character. 

In  many  instances,  when  a  determination  is  adopted, 
it  is  frustrated  by  indecision.  A  man,  for  example,  re- 
solves to  make  a  journey  to-morrow,  which  he  is  not 
under  an  absolute  necessity  to  make,  but  the  induce- 
ments appear  this  evening  so  strong,  that  he  does  not 
think  it  possible  he  can  hesitate  in  the  morning.  In  the 
morning,  however,  these  inducements  have  unaccount- 
ably lost  much  of  their  force.  Lrke  the  sun,  that  is  ris- 
ing at  the  same  time,  they  appear  dim  through  a  mist  ; 
and  the  sky  lowers,  or  he  fancies  that  it  lowers,  the  fa- 
tigue appears  formidable  ;  and  he  lingers  uncertain,  till 
an  advanced  hour  determines  the  question  for  him,  by 
the  certainty,  that  it  is  now  too  late  to  go. 

A  man  without  decision,  can  never  be  said  to  belong 
to  himself;  since,  if  he  dared  to  assert  that  he  did,  the 
puny  force  of  some  cause,  about  as  powerful,  you  would 
have  supposed  as  a  spider,  may  capture  the  hapless  boas- 
ter the  very  next  moment,  and  triumphantly  show  the 
futility  of  the  determinations  by  which  he  was  to  have 
proved  the  independence  of  his  understanding  and.his- 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  261 

.Stirring,  thrilling,  inspiring,  exciting. 

Riot,  noise,  confusion,  unlawful  assembly. 

Unceasing,  constant,  everlasting  ;  from  cease. 

Babbler,  idle  talker,  teller  of  secrets. 

Drowned  a  world.     When  was  the  world  drowned  ? 

Light  wave.  What  reason  for  calling  Niagara  a  light 
wave  ? 

What  figure  of  speech  is  used  through  all  this  piece  ? 

Powers,  faculties,  qualities. 

A  pitiable  atom,  contemptible  cypher,  object  of  com- 
miseration. 

Divers,  various,  diverse,  different. 

Casual,  accidental. 

Impulses,  motives,  ideas,  impressions  from  other  bod- 
ies. 

Simple,  easy,  short,  unequivocal. 

Mankind,  the  human  race,  the  human  species. 

Illustrations,  examples,  facts  to  explain. 

Frustrated,  set  aside,  disappointed,  made  nugatory. 

$pe//journey,  necessity,  character. 

Inducements,  motives,  impulses. 

Unaccountably,  in  a  manner  that  cannot  be  explained. 

Force,  urgency,  importance. 

What  is  a  comparison  1  For  what  purpose  introdu- 
ced 1  By  what  words  generally  ?  Are  they  strong- 
er than  similes  ?  Is  this  comparison  an  appropri- 
ate one  1  See  app. 

Lowers,  16us  urz,  looks  gloomy,  looks  sullen,  ie  cloud- 
ed. 

Formidable,  fearful,  dreadful. 

Is  this  conduct  of  the  undecided  man  foolish  ? 

Belong  to  himself,  do  what  he  pleases,  be  under  his 
own  control. 

Puny,  weak,  insignificant,  helpless. 

About,  almost,  nearly. 

Capture,  seize,  take  in  its  net.  What  is  the  allusion 
here  ? 

Hapless,  unhappy,  wretched,  miserable. 

Triumphantly,  victoriously. 

Futility,  emptiness,  vanity. 

.Independence,  fearlessness,  boldness,  freedom  frpm 
doubt. 


262  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

will.  He  belongs  to  whatever  can  seize  him  ;  and  in- 
numerable things  do  actually  verify  their  claim  on  him, 
and  arrest  him  as  he  tries  to  go  along,  as  twigs  and  chips 
floating  near  the  edge  of  a  river  are  intercepted  by  eve- 
ry weed  and  whirled  into  every  little  eddy.  Having  con- 
cluded on  a  design,  he  may  pledge  himself  to  accomplish 
it,  if  the  five  hundred  diversities  of  feeling,  which  may 
come  within  the  week,  will  let  him. 

On  the  contrary,  a  man  of  decisive  character,  cannot 
bear  to  sit  still  among  uncreated  decisions  and  unattempt- 
ed  projects.  We  wait  to  hear  of  his  achievements,  and 
are  confident  we  shall  not  wait  long.  The  possibility, 
or  the  means  may  not  be  obvious  to  us,  but  we  know  that 
every  thing  will  be  attempted,  and  that  such  a  mind  is 
like  a  river,  which  in  whatever  manner  it  is  obstructed, 
will  make  its  way  somewhere.  It  must  have  cost  Ca3sar 
many  anxious  hours  of  deliberation,  before  he  decided 
to  pass  the  Rubicon,  but  it  is  probable  he  suffered  but 
few  hours  to  elapse  after  his  decision,  before  he  did  pass 
it. 

One  signal  advantage  possessed  by  a  mind  of  this 
character,  is,  that  its  passions  are  not  wasted.  The 
whole  measure  of  passion  of  which  any  mind,  with  im- 
portant transactions  .before  it,  is  capable,  is  not  more 
than  enough  to  supply  interest  and  energy  to  its  practi- 
cal exertions.  As  little  as  possible,  therefore,  should  be 
expended  in  a  way,  that  does  not  augment  the  force  of 
action. 


LESSON  LX. 

Courage  essential  to  Decision  of  Character. — FOSTER. 

A  man  possessed  of  a  decisive  character,  says,  with  a 
sober  consciousness  as  remote  from  a  spirit  of  bravado 
as  it  is  from  timidity — "thus  and  thus  is  my  conviction*, 
and  my  determination.  Now  for  the  phantoms  of  fear. 
Let  me  see  them  in  the  face.  They  will  find  I  am  not 
made  of  trembling  materials.  I  dare  do  all  that  may  be- 
come a  man  ;  I  shall  firmly  confront  every  thing  that 
threatens  me  in  the  prosecution  of  my  purpose,  and  I  am 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  263 

Will,  power  of  the  rnind,  determining  faculty. 

-Verify,  show  the  truth  of,  make  good. 

Arrest,,  seize,  lay  hold  of,  a  law  term. 

-Intercepted,  stopped,  recalled,  obstructed. 

-Whirled,  carried  violently,  slung,  moved  circularly. 

Five  hundred,  a  definite  number  for  an  indefinite. 

Diversities,  varieties,  kinds,  changes. 

-Let,  hinder,  prevent,  permit,  suffer,  stop,  allow. 

On  the  contrary,  to  take  an  opposite  view  of  the  sub- 
ject. 

Unexecuted,  undone,  unaccomplished,  unfinished. 

Projects,  designs,  attempts,  objects,  calculations. 

.Achievements,  at-tsheve'  ments,    deeds,  exploits,  ac- 
tions. 

-Confident,  not  diffident,  bold,  assured,  convinced. 

Obvious,  plain,  clear,  not  difficult,  in  the  way. 

Obstructed,  impeded,  stopped,  hindered. 

Make  its  way,  force  a  passage,  cut  a  channel. 

Caesar.    Give  some  account  of  Caesar.     See  app. 

Anxious,  troubled,  solicitous,  painful. 

Rubicon,  a  small  river  of  Italy.     By  crossing  it  Cae- 
sar began  a  civil  war. 

Elapse,  glide  by,  pass  along.     Whence  the  allusion  ? 
.Advantage,  ad-van7  tadje. 

-Passions,  anger,    emotions,  feelings,  state  of  mind, 
love. 

Is  decision  of  character  a  desirable  quality  7 

What  are  some  of  its  advantages  ? 

Is  decision  of  rnind  in  a  wicked  man  desirable  1 


Courage.     What  do  you  understand  by  courage  1 
-Possessed  of,  inheriting,  having  of,    owning. 
.Consciousness,  self-knowledge,  internal  sense. 
Bravado,  boasting,  foolish  exultation,  glorying. 
Timidity,   fearful  ness,    bashful  ness,     improper   fear, 

trembling. 

Phantoms,  scarecrows,  images,  apparitions,  ghosts. 
Dare  do,  ready  to  undertake,  not  afraid  to  engage  in. 
May  become,  is  proper  for,  is  lawful  for,  is  expedient. 
Confront,  meet,  engage  with,  boldly  stand  up  against. 
Prosecution,  execution,  suit  in  law  for  debt,  or  damage. 


264  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

prepared  to  meet  the  consequences  of  it,  when  it  is  ac- 
complished. I  should  despise  a  being,  though  it  were 
myself,  who  could  be  held  enslaved  by  the  gloomy 
shapes  of  imagination,  by  the  haunting  recollections  of 
a  dream,  by  the  whistling  or  howling  of  winds,  by  the 
shrieks  of  owls,  by  the  shades  of  midnight,  or  by  human 
words  or  frowns." 

In  almost  all  plans  of  great  enterprise,  a  man  must 
systematically  dismiss,  at  the  entrance,  every  wish  to 
stipulate  for  safety  with  his  destiny.  He  voluntarily 
treads  within  the  precincts  of  danger,  and  though  it  is 
possible  that  he  may  escape,  he  ought  to  be  prepared 
with  the  fortitude  of  a  victim.  This  is  the  inevitable  con- 
dition on  \vhich  heroes,  travellers,  or  missionaries 
among  savage  nations,  and  reformers  on  a  grand  scale, 
must  commence  their  career.  Either  they  must  allay 
their  fire  of  enterprise,  or  they  must  hold  themselves  in 
readiness  to  be  exploded  by  it  from  the  world. 

The  last  decisive  energy  of  a  rational  courage  which 
confides  in  the  Supreme  Power,  is  very  sublime.  It 
makes  a  man,  who  intrepidly  dares  every  thing,  that  can 
attack  or  oppose  him  within  the  whole  sphere  of  mortal- 
ity ;  who  would  retain  his  purpose  unshaken  amid  the 
ruins  of  the  world  ;  who  will  still  press  towards  his  ob- 
ject, while  death  is  impending  over  him.  It  was  in  the 
true  elevation  of  this  character  that  Luther,  when  cited 
to  appear  at  the  diet  of  Worms,  under  an  assurance  of 
safety  from  very  high  authority,  said  to  his  friends,  who 
conjured  him  not  to  go,  and  justly  brought  the  example 
of  John  Huss,  who  in  a  similar  situation  and  under  a 
similar  pledge  of  protection,  had,  notwithstanding,  been 
burnt  alive.  "I  am  called  in  the  name  of  God  to  go, 
and  I  would  go,  though  I  were  certain  to  meet  ns  many 
fiends  in  Worms  as  there  are  tiles  on  the  houses."  A 
reader  of  the  bible  will  not  forget  Daniel,  braving  in 
calm  devotion,  the  decree  which  consigned  him  to  the 
den  of  lions  ;  or  Shadrach,  Meshach  and  Abednego, 
saying  to  the  tyrant,  "  We  are  not  careful  to  answer 
thee  in  this  matter,"  when  the  furnace  was  in  sight. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  265 

Held  enslaved,  kept  under,  held  in  subjection. 

Shapes,  forms,  phantoms,  appearances,  vnin  images. 

Haunting,  hant'  ing,  following,  closely  pursuing. 

When  are  the  winds  said  to  whistle  7     Why  are  they 
said  to  howl  ! 

Shriek,  shreek,  sudden  cry. 

Frowns,  frouns,  angry  looks,  fierce  countenance. 
-Shades,  place  of  the  deatl,  shadows,  disembodied  spir- 
its, 

Entrance,  onset,  beginning,  commencement. 
.Precincts,  pre'  singkts,  outward  limits,  boundaries. 

Victim,  sacrifice,  martyr. 

Inevitable,  unavoidable,  thing  that  cannot  be  shunned. 
-Missionaries,  persons  sent,  heralds  of  the  Gospel. 

Allay,  soften  down,  moderate. 

Why  are  excited  feelings  compared  to  fire  1 

Exploded,  carried  off  suddenly,  blown  up. 

Rational,  rash'  un-al,  reasonable. 

Enterprise,  arduous  attempt,  to  undertake. 

Supreme  Power,  Almighty  Being. 

Makes  a  man,  forms  a  character. 
-Sphere,  sfere,  globe,  circumference,  limits. 

Ruins,  desolations,  convulsions. 

Luther.     Give  some  account  of  him.     See  app. 

Worms,  a  town  in  Germany,    where    met  a   famous 

council. 

-Diet,  an  assembly  of  men,  food,  regimen. 
-Conjured,  acted  the  parts  of  conjurers,  entreated. 

John  Huss.     Relate  some  facts  about  him.     See  app. 

Burnt  alive,  suffered    at  the    stake,    perished  in  the 
flames. 

Tiles,  thin  plates  of  baked  clay  used  to  cover  houses. 

What  spirit  did  this  answer  of  Luther  show  ? 

Daniel.  Give  some  account  of  him.     Dan.  VI. 

Decree,  statute,  sentence,  edict. 

.  .,*  Who  put  Shadrach,  Meshach   and    Abednego  in  the 
furnace  1 

Tyrant,  oppressive  king.     Who  is  mea-nt  ?     Dan.  II. 
1-30. 


Abednego,    A-bed'  ne-go, 

"V  nf 

ated 

23 


Furnace,  fur'  n!s,  an  enclosed  fire-place.     How  many 
times  heated  ? 


266  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

LESSON  LXI. 

Influence  of  Homer's  Iliad. — WA YLAND. 

The  Iliad  of  Homer  is  a  work,  the  adamantine  basis 
of  whose  reputation,  has  stood  unhurt  amid  the  fluctu- 
ations of  time,  and  whose  impression  can  be  traced 
through  successive  centuries  on  the  history  of  our  spe- 
cies. Who  can  estimate  the  result  produced  by  this  in- 
comparable effort  of  a  single  mind;  who  can  tell  what 
Greece  owes  to  this  first-born  of  song !  Her  breathing 
marbles,  her  solemn  temples,  her  unrivalled  eloquence, 
and  her  matchless  verse,  all  point  us  to  that  transcen- 
dent genius,  who  by  the  very  splendor  of  his  own  efful- 
gence woke  the  human  intellect  from  the  slumber  of 
ages.  It  was  Homer,  who  gave  laws  to  the  artist ;  it 
was  Homer,  who  inspired  the  poet ;  it  was  Homer,  who 
thundered  in  the  senate  ;  and  more  than  all,  it  was  Ho- 
mer who  was  sung  by  the  people  ;  arid  hence  a  nation 
was  cast  into  the  mould  of  one  mighty  mind,  and  the 
land  of  the  Iliad  became  the  region  of  taste,  the  birth 
place  ofthe  arts.  Nor  was  this  influence  confined  within 
the  limits  of  Greece. 

Long  after  the  sceptre  of  empire  had  passed  westward, 
genius  still  held  her  court  on  the  banks  ofthe  Ilyssus, 
and  from  the  country  of  Homer  gave  laws  to  the  world. 
The  light,  which  the  blind  old  man  of  Scio  had  kindled 
in  Greece,  shed  its  radiance  over  Italy ;  and  thus  did 
he  awaken  a  second  nation  to  intellectual  existence. 
And  we  may  form  some  idea  of  the  power  which  this 
one  work  has  to  the  present  day  exerted  over  the  mind 
of  man,  by  remarking,  "that  nation  after  nation,  and 
century  after  century,  has  been  able  to  do  little  more 
than  transpose  his  incidents,  new  name  his  characters, 
and  paraphrase  his  sentiments." 

But  considered  simply  as  an  intellectual  production, 
who  will  compare  the  poems  of  Homer  with  the  Holy 
Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments.  Where 
in  the  Iliad  shall  we  find  simplicity  and  pathos,  which 
will  vie  with  the  narrative  of  Moses,  or  maxims  of  con- 
duct to  equal  in  wisdom  the  Proverbs  of  Solomon,  or 
sublimity,  which  does  not  fade  away  before  the  concep* 
tions  of  Job,  or  David,  of  Isaiah,  or  St.  John.  But  I 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  267 


Iliad,  an  epic  poem  in  24  books,  in  the  Greek 

guage. 
Homer,  author  of  the  Iliad,  first  and  greatest  of  Gre- 

cian poets. 

,  Adamantine,  indissoluble,  made  of  adamant, 
Basis,  foundation,  standing  place,  from  base. 
•Species,  race,  subdivision  of  a  general  term. 
Incomparable,  in-kom'  pa-ra-bl,  excellent. 
Greece.     Where  is  Greece  situate  ? 
First-born  of  song,  earliest,  of  the  poets,  or  of  poems. 
Breathing  marbles,  statues  so  like  life  that  they  seem 

to  breathe. 

Unrivalled,  unequalled,  without  a  rival. 
Effulgence,  brightness,  glowing  brilliancy. 
Artist,  profession  of  an  art,  skilful  man. 
Inspired,  excited,  filled  with  inspiration. 
Senate,  body  of  counsellors,  legislature,  senate  housei 
Mould,  earth,  soil,  concretion,  form,  matrix  in  which 

any  thing  is  cast. 

•Court,  open  place  before  a  house,  palace,  persons  as- 
sembled for  the  administration    of  justice,   hall  of 
justice. 
.Ilyssus,  famous  river  in  Greece,  celebrated  in  Greek 

poetry. 

-Laws,  commands,  edicts,  an  influence. 
Blind  old  man.     Homer  was    blind,   and  led  from 

place  to  place  to  recite  his  poems. 
Scio,  an  island  of  Greece,  as  interesting  on    account 
of  the  events  of  modern  days,  as   for  its   claim  to 
Homer. 
Italy,  the  country  of  the  Romans  in  the  south  of  Eu- 

rope. 

-Incidents,  occurrences,  facts,  things  which  he  related, 
.New-name,  name  over,  give  new  epithets  to. 
Paraphrase,  re-model,  re-write,  loose  commentary. 
-Scriptures,  writings,  eminently  inspired  writings,  Bi- 

ble. 

-Testament,  legacy,  record,  will. 
Simplicity,  simple  writing,natural,  unaffected  thoughts. 
Pathos,  deep  feeling,  touching  interest. 
What  is  meant  by  the  narrative  of  Moses  ? 
Maxims,  rules,  short  sayings,  pithy  sentences. 
i'-** 


268  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

cannot  pursue  this  comparison.  I  feel  that  it  is  doing 
wrong-  to  the  mind  which  dictated  the  Iliad,  and  to  those 
other  mighty  intellects  on  whom  the  light  of  the  Holy 
oracles  never  shined.  Who,  that  has  read  his  poem, 
has  not  observed  how  he  strove  in  vain  to  give  dignity 
to  the  mythology  of  his  time  ?  Who  has  not  seen  how 
the  religion  of  his  country,  unable  to  support  the  flight 
of  his  imagination  sunk  powerless  beneath  him.  It  is 
the  unseen  world  where  the  master  spirits  of  our  race 
breathe  freely  and  are  at  home,  arid  it  is  mournful  to 
behold  the  intellect  of  Homer  striving  to  free  itself  from 
the  conceptions  of  materialism,  and  then  sinking  down 
in  hopeless  despair  to  weave  fables  about  Jupiter  and 
Juno,  Apollo  and  Diana.  But  the  difficulties  under  which 
he  labored  are  abundantly  illustrated  by  the  fact,  that 
the  light,  which  he  poured  upon  the  human  intellect 
taught  other  ages  how  unworthy  was  the  pagan  religion 
of  the  man,  who  was  compelled  to  use  it. 


LESSON  LXII. 

Eloquence  of  John  Adams. — WEBSTER. 

The  eloquence  of  Mr.  Adams  resembled  his  general 
character,  and  formed,  indeed,  a  part  of  it.  It  was  bold, 
manly,  and  energetic ;  and  such  the  crisis  required. 
When  public  bodies  are  to  be  addressed  on  momentous 
occasions, — when  great  interests  are  at  stake,  and  strong 
passions  are  excited,  nothing  is  valuable  in  speech,  far- 
ther than  it  is  connected  with  high  intellectual  and  mor- 
al endowments.  Clearness,  force,  and  earnestness  are 
the  qualities  which  produce  conviction.  True  elo- 
quence, indeed,  does  not  consist  in  speech.  It  cannot 
be  brought  from  far.  Labor  and  learning  may  toil  for  it ; 
but  they  will  toil  in  vain.  Words  and  phrases  may  be 
marshalled  in  every  way,  but  they  cannot  compass  it. 
It  must  exist  in  the  man,  in  the  subject,  and  in  the  oc- 
casion. Affected  passion,  intense  expression,  the  pomp 
of  declamation,  all  may  aspire  after  it — they  cannot 
reach  it.  It  comes,  if  it  come  at  all,  like  the  outbreak- 
ing of  a  fountain  from  the  earth,  or  the  bursting  forth 


AJNALYT1CAL  READER.  269 

-Dictated,  commanded,  composed,  uttered  forth. 

Oracles,  something  delivered  by  supernatural  wisdom. 

Mythology,  heathen  religion,  system  of  pagan  wor- 
ship. 

Flight,  soaring,  running  away,  course.     Whence  the 
allusion  1 

Powerless,  helpless,  weak.     What  is  the  derivation  ? 

Master  spirits,  mighty  geniuses,  illustrious  men. 

At  home.     Why  is  the   mind   of  man   said  to  be  at 
home  in  eternity  ? 

Materialism,  doctrine  that  the  soul  is  made  of  matter. 
-Weave,  make  cloth  in  a  loom,  fashion,  form,  contrive. 

Jupiter,  chief   god   of  the   pagans,    supreme    god  of 
Greece  and  Rome. 

Juno,  fabulous  wife  of  Jupiter,  and  queen  of  the  gods. 

Apollo,  heathen  divinity,  god  of  music,  eloquence  and 
poetry. 

Diana,  fabled  goddess  of  hunting,  sometimes  the  moon 
is  called  Diana. 

Illustrated,  explained,  cleared  up,  made  plain. 

Intellect,  soul,  mind,  intellectual  faculties. 

Compelled,  influenced,  obliged. 

John  Adams.     What  do  you  know  of  him  1 

Energetic,  powerful,  full  of  energy. 

Crisis,  the  decisive  moment,  important  point  of  time. 
-Bodies,  corporeal  frames,  assemblies  of  men. 

Momentous,  most  important ;  from  moment. 

At  stake,  exposed,  in  danger  of  being  lost. 

Intellectual.     What   is  the  difference  between  intel- 
lectual and  moral  ? 

Labor   and  learning.     For    what   are  these  abstract 
terms  put  ? 

Phrases,  sentences,  expressions,  idioms. 

Marshalled.     What  is  the  source  of  this  imagery? 

-Compass,  encircle,  besiege,  grasp,  circle,  extent,  in- 
strument. 

Pomp,  display,  parade,  vain  show,  grandeur. 

Aspire,  reach,  airn*,  be  desirous,  exercise  ambition. 

Outbreakings,  bursting  forth,  sudden  gush ;  from  out 
and  break. 

Volcanic  fires.     What  do  you  know  of  volcanoes  ? 
23* 


270  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

of  volcanic  fires  with  spontaneous,  original,  native  force. 
The  graces  taught  in  the  schools,  the  costly  ornaments, 
and  studied  contrivances  of  speech,  shock  and  disgust 
men,  when  their  own  lives,  and  the  fate  of  their  wives, 
their  children,  and  their  country,  hang  on  the  decision 
of  the  hour.  Then  words  have  lost  their  power,  rhetor- 
ic is  vain  and  all  elaborate  oratory  contemptible.  Even 
genius  itself  then  feels  rebuked,  and  subdued,  as  in  the 
presence  of  higher  qualities.  Then,  patriotism  is  elo- 
quent; then  self-devotion  is  eloquent.  The  clear  con- 
ceptions, outrunning  the  deductions  of  logic,  the  high 
purpose,  the  firm  resolve,  the  dauntless  spirit,  speaking 
on  the  tongue,  beaming  from  the  eye,  informing  everr 
feature,  and  urging  the  whole  man  onward,  right  on- 
ward to  this  object — this,  this  is  eloquence ;  or  rather  it 
is  something  higher  than  all  eloquence,  it  is  action,  no- 
ble, sublime,  godlike  action. 


LESSON  LXIII. 

Mount   Chamouny  : — the    hour    before   Sunrise. — COLE- 
RIDGE. 

Hast  thou  a  charm  to  stay  the  morning-star 

In  his  steep  course  ?  so  long  he  seems  to  pause 

On  thy  bald  awful  head,  Oh  Chamouny  ! 

The  Arve  and  Arveiron  at  thy  base 

Wave  ceaselessly,  while  thou,  dread  mountain  form, 

Ridest  from  forth  thy  silent  sea  of  pines 

How  silently  1     Around  thee  and  above 

Deep  is  the  sky  and  black  :  transpicuous  deep 

An  ebon  mass  !  methinks,  thou  piercest  it 

As  with  a  wedge !     But  when  I  look  again 

It  seems  thine  own  calm  home,  thy  crystal  shrine, 

Thy  habitation  from  eternity. 

Oh  dread  and  silent  form  !  I  gazed  on  thee 

Till  thou,  still  present  to  my  bodily  eye, 

Didst  vanish  from  my  thought.    Entranced  in  prayer, 

I  worshipped  the  Invisible  alone  :         > 

Yet  thou,  methinks,  wast  working  on  my  soul 

E'en  like  some  deep  enchanting  melody, 


ANALYTICAL   READER.  .      271 

Spontaneous,  voluntary,  of  its  own  accord,  willingly. 

-Studied,  labored,  designed,  attentively  pursued. 

-Disgust,  offend,  produce  an  aversion,  ill  humor. 

-Fate,  fortune,  lot,  destiny,  irreversible  decree. 

Why,  at  such  a  time,  do  words  lose  their  power  ? 

Contemptible,  unworthy,  despicable. 

-Genius,  superior  mental  endowment,  protecting  pow- 
er, disposition. 

Patriotism,  devotedriess  to  one's  country,  love  of  coun- 
try. 

-Conception,  understanding,  apprehension,  act  of  con- 
ceiving. 

Deductions,  consequence,  that  which  is  deduced. 

Dauntless,  dandles,  fearless,  unintimidated,  bold. 

Informing  every  feature,  causing  every  feature  to  be 
intelligent. 

Urging  the  whole  man,  deeply  affecting  the  whole 
man. 

Higher.  Why  is  this  more  impressive  than  mere 
speaking  1 

Godlike,  most  powerful,  superhuman,  superemi«ent.. 

Morning  star,  star  of  the  Morning,  Jupiter  or  Venus. 

Chamouny,  sha-mou-ne,  high  peak  of  the  Alps. 

Arve'  and  Arveiron,  two  smaller  peaks. 

Form,  a  personification,  giving  life  and  action  to  in- 
animate objects. 

.Transpicuous,  visible,  pervious  to  the  sight. 

-Ebon,  eb'  un,  hard  and  valuable  wood. 

.Fiercest,  per's^st,  penetratest,  transfixest,  shootest 
into. 

-Crystal,  clear,  hard,  transparent,  colorless  body. 

.Shrine,  case  for  the  deposite  of  sacred  things. 

Eternity,  unknown  ages,  expressing  the  enduring  na- 
ture of  the  mountain. 

Bodily  eye,  natural  vision,  external  sense,  corporeal 
organ. 

Entranced,  wrapped  up,  greatly  excited,  in  ecstacy. 

Invisible,  unseen  God,  of  whom  the  lone  mountain 
was  an  apt  emblem. 

Working,  acting,  suggesting  thoughts,  silently  oper- 
ating. 

Enchanting,  enrapturing,  sweet,  endued  with  charms. 


272  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

So  sweet  we  know  not  we  are  listening  to  it. 
But  I  awake,  and  with  a  busier  mind 
And  active  will,  self-conscious,  offer  now, 
Not  as  before,  involuntary  prayer 
And  passive  adoration. 

Hand  and  voice 

Awake,  awake  !  and  thou,  my  heart,  awake  ! 
Green  fields,  and  icy  cliffs  !  all  join  my  hymn  ! 
And  thou,  O  silent  mountain,  sole  and  bare, 
O  !  blacker  than  the  darkness,  all  the  night, 
And  visited  all  night  by  troops  of  stars, 
Or  when  they  climb  the  sky,  or  when  they  sink, 
Companion  of  the  morning  star  at  dawn, 
Co-herald  !  wake,  oh  wake,  and  utter  praise  ! 

Who  sank  thy  sunless  pillars  in  the  earth? 
Who  filled  thy  countenance  with  rosy  light  ? 
Who  made  thee  father  of  perpetual  streams  1 
And  you,  ye  five  wild  torrents  fiercely  glad, 
Who  called  you  forth  from  night  and  utter  death  ? 
From  darkness  let  you  loose,  and  icy  dens. 
Down  those  precipitous,  black,  jagged  rocks 
Forever  shattered  and  the  same  forever  ? 
Who  gave  you  your  invulnerable  life, 
Your  strength,  your  speed,  your  fury,  and  your  joy. 
Unceasing  thunder  and  eternal  foams — 
And  who  commanded,  and  the  silence  came,^ 
"  Here  shall  the  billows  stiffen  and  have  rest  ?" 
Ye  ice-falls  !    ye  that  from  your  dizzy  heights 
Adown  enormous  ravines  steeply  slope — 
Torrents,  methinks,  that  heard  a  mighty  noise, 
And  stopped  at  once  amidst  their  maddest  plunge. 
Motionless  torrents  !  silent  cataracts  ! 
Who  made  you  glorious  ns  the  gates  of  heaven 
Beneath  the  keen  full  rnoon  ?     Who  bade  the  sun 
Clothe  you  with  rainbows  ?     Who  with  lovely  flowers 
Of  living  blue  spread  garlands  at  your  feet  1 
God  !  God  !  the  torrents  like  a  shout  of  nations 
Utter  ;  the  ice-plain  bursts,  and  answers,  God! — 
God  !  sing  the  meadow  streams  with  gladsome  voice 
And  pine  groves  with  their  soft  and  soul-like  sound  ! 
The  silent    snow-mass,   loosening,  thunders,  God  ! 
Ye  dreadless  flowers,  that  fringe  the  eternal  frost ! 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  273 

Melody,  delicious  song,  mellifluous  strain. 

Awake,  break  the  enchantment,  come  out  of  the  revery. 

.Busier,  livelier,  faculties  more  engaged. 

Offer,  give,  reach  out,  raise  up. 

Involuntary,  instinctive,  without  the  exercise  of  will. 

What  inspired  poet  calls  upon  all  tilings  to  praise  God/ 

See  Ps.  148. 

Hand  and  voice,  visible  signs  of  prayer  and  praise. 
Heart,  all  my  affections  and  sympathies. 
Blacker,  darker,  an  image  similar  to  the  "  blackness 

of  darkness." 
Troops  of  stars,  clusters,  constellations,  image  taken 

from  troops  of  soldiers. 

Sink,  fall  from  the  zenith,  go  down  from  the  meridian. 
Co-herald,  associated  crier,  joined  with  the   morning 

star. 

Sunless,  unvisited  by  the  sun,  impervious  to  his  rays, 
Rosy,  fragrant,  whence  the  origin  of  the  allusion  1 
Father,  source,  origin,  instrumental  cause. 
.Perpetual,  constant,  never-failing,  perennial. 
Torrents,  roaring,  dashing  streams. 
Glad.  Why  are  streams  said  to  be  affected  with  joy  ? 
-Utter,  proclaim,  announce,  deepest,  profoundest. 
.Precipitous,  headlong,  steep,  like  a  precipice. 
Jagged,  jag'-ged,  uneven,  denticulated,  rough. 
.Invulnerable,  invincible,  not  pervious  to  wounds. 
What  are  the  characteristics  of  this  description  1 
Why  are  the  waters  likened  to  thunder  ? 
Here  shall,  &c,  See  Job  38  :  11.  Jer.  5  :  22. 
Ice-falls,  masses  of  ice  exposed  to  fall. 
Dizzy,  high,  lofty,  giddy. 
Enormous,  very  large,  immeasurable,  wicked. 
Stopped,  suddenly  frozen,  instantly  congealed. 
Maddest,  wildest,  most  insane. 
Cataracts,  falls  of  water,  hardened  and  steep  masses 

of  ice. 

Gates  of  heaven,  Rev.  xxi.  21.    Describe  them. 
Keen,  sharp,  beaming  bright,  clear. 
Bade,  bad,  commanded,  ordered. 
Clothe,  adorn,  deck.     Is  it  used  figuratively,  or  not  t 
Rainbows.     For  the  source  of  this  imagery,  see  Rer, 

X.  1. 


274  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Ye  wild  goats,  bounding  by  the  eagle's  nest  ! 
Ye  eagles,  playmates  of  the  mountain  blast  ! 
Ye  lightnings,  the  dread  arrows  of  the  clouds.     • 
Ye  signs  and  wonders  of  the  elements, 
Utter  forth  God  !  and  fill  the  hills  with  praise  ! 
And  thou,  oh  silent  form,  alone  and  bare, 
Whom  as  I  lift  again  my  head,  bowed  low 
In  silent  adoration,  I  again  behold, 
And  lo,  thy  summit  upward  from  the  base 
Sweep  slowly,  with  dim  eyes  suffused  with  tears,- 
Awake  thou  mountain  form !  Rise  like  a  cloud, 
Rise,  like  a  cloud  of  incense,  from  the  earth  ! 
Thou  kingly  spirit,  throned  among  the  hills, 
Thou  dread  Ambassador  from  earth  to  heaven, 
Great  Hierarch,  tell  thou  the  silent  sky, 
And  tell  the  stars,  and  tell  the  rising  sun, 
Earth  with  her  thousand  voices  calls  on  God. 


LESSON  LXIV. 

Practical  effects  of  an  unrestrained  Imagination. — BRA- 
MAN. 

Breaking  loose  from  the  restraints  of  reason,  and  the 
tyranny  of  unyielding  fact,  where  the  light  of  experi- 
ence cannot  follow  her,  imagination  melts  away  the, 
midnight  of  our  prospects ;  and  forms  scenes  of  enchant- 
ing lustre  and  beauty,  where  hope  expires  in  the  rap- 
ture which  nourished  it.  She  builds  a  fabric  of  happi- 
ness on  all  future  years  of  life,  and  as  one  portion  after 
another  of  them  rolls  away,  this  fabric  tumbles,  piece- 
meal, to  ruins.  She  binds  together  in  a  robe  of  joy,  the 
succession  of  future  moments,  which  man  in  the  sober 
and  toilsome  progress  of  life,  must  unravel,  and  bind  up 
again  in  sorrow.  What  object  of  human  ambition  has 
she  not  wrapt  in  illusion  ?  Where  is  the  sagacity  which 
she  has  not  eluded  ?  where  is  the  wisdom  which  she 
has  not  taken  captive,  and  equipped  herself  in  its  spoils  ? 
where  is  the  proud  and  mighty  intelligence,  over  which 
she  has  not  held  a  voluntary,  but  omnipotent  maste- 
ry? 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  275 

Garlands,  wreaths  of  branches  or  flowers. 

.Gladsome,  jocund,  joyful,  glad,  exulting. 

-Soul-like,  still,  rational,  intelligent,  gentle. 

-Dreadless,  fearless,  blooming  without  danger. 

Eagle's  nest.  Where  does  the  eagle  build  his  nest  ? 
Of  what  is  the  eagle  an  emblem  ? 

-Mountain,  lofty  eminence,  high,  soaring. 

-Blast,  sudden  gust  of  wind,  mildew,  explosion  of  a 
mine. 

-Arrows,  javelins.  What  resemblance  between  light- 
nings and  arrows  1 

Elements,  first  principles,  air,  earth,  fire  and  water. 

Spell  again,  a-gen,  cloud,  cloud. 

Adoration,  praise,  homage,  reverential  worship. 

-Base,  foundation,  low,  vile,  to  found. 

Suffused,  dimmed,  moistened. 

-Incense,  perfume  offered  upon  a  shrine,  provoke. 

Throned,  placed,  seated.  Whence  the  allusion  ?  Is 
it  a  bold  one  ? 

Ambassador,  legate,  delegate,  minister  plenipotentia- 
ry. 

.Hierarch,  hi'  e-rark,  the  chief  of  a  sacred  order. 

Silent,  still.     Why  is  the  sky  said  to  be  silent  ? 

What  are  the  great  excellencies  of  this  piece  of  poetry? 

.Tyranny,  tir'  ran-e,  rigorous  command,  severity. 

.Imagination,  power  of  representing  absent  things. 

Enchanting,  bewitching,  charming,  bewildering,  fas- 
cinating. 

Rapture,  ecstacy,  transport,  violence  of  passion. 

Fabric,  fab7  rick,  building,  edifice. 

She  builds.     To  what  is  imagination  here  likened  1 

Rolls  away.    Years  of  life  are  compared  to  what  ? 

Piece-meal,  in  fragments,  in  pieces. 

Unravel,  disentangle,  extricate,  clear. 

-Wrapt,  rolled  together,  bound  up,  transported. 

Eluded,  escaped,  outwitted,  been  too  cunning  for. 

.Sagacity,  wisdom,  cunning,  discretion. 

Equipped,  armed.  What  does  Imagination  become 
like  here  ? 

Voluntary,  willing,  acting  without  compulsion. 

Mastery,  power,  control,  superiority  ;  from  master. 

Omnipotent,  most  powerful,  almighty  ;  proper  only 
to  the  Creator, 


276  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Who,  among  the  most  stern  of  all  the  sons  of  science, 
has  she  not  mocked  with  fantastic  dreams  ?  The  path 
of  every  man,  down  to  the  regions. of  death,  is  marked 
with  the  ruin  of  withered  hopes,  and  the  dissolution  of 
bright  prospects.  He  sometimes  looks  back  and  finds 
the  gloom  of  his  track  relieved  here  and  there,  with  the 
fragments  of  scattered  visions, — luminous  spots  which 
guide  the  lingering  memory  down  his  past  years,  till  it 
is  lost  in  the  darkness  of  his  original.  What  does  he 
do  in  this  pause  of  reason,  when  the  phantom,  which 
deluded  him  is  broken,  when  the  brightness  which  dwelt 
on  his  vision  is  extinct,  and  he  sees  under  it  the  grave 
of  his  happy  expectations,  like  the  fleeing  away  of  that 
glaring  and  vapoury  radiance,  which  exhales  from  the 
rottenness  of  death  ?  From  those  gleams  of  light,  which 
burst  on  the  retrospection  of  memory,  fancy  kindles 
anew  her  fires  ;  she  glows  with  new  fervor,  expands  in- 
to new  images  of  magnificence,  drags  down  rebellious  rea- 
son from  its  throne,  and  binds  it  into  a  reluctant,  half-con- 
senting, willing,  delightful  slavery  ;  he  follows  her  down 
to  the  vale  of  death, — she  starts  back  from  the  cold,  im- 
moveable  form  of  the  monarch  of  dissolution,  and  flies 
away  forever.  There  is  always  going  on  a  reciprocal 
agency  between  the  imagination  and  the  passions.  It 
is  the  action  of  the  former  that  swells  the  latter  to  migh- 
ty force,  and  immense  magnitude.  The  great  poet  of 
the  present  day,  is  a  striking  example  of  this  truth. 
How  bitterly  does  he  complain  of  a  soul,  scorched,  and 
withered  by  its  heart's  fire  !  Other  poets  can  expand 
their  minds  to  the  broad  impress  of  nature,  and  feel 
satisfied  ;  but  not  so  with  him.  He  gazes  till  his  whole 
soul  is  transfused  into  the  object  of  his  contemplation. 
He  does  not  rest  satisfied  till  he  has  breathed  his  spirit 
into  the  cumbrous  mass  of  inert  matter,  and  felt  it  heave 
and  groan  with  mental  life.  He  has  a  restless  and  in- 
sane thirsting  after  the  whole  riches  of  the  moral  and 
material  world,  and  an  aspiration  to  enlarge  himself  to 
ubiquity.  In  him  is  mingled  the  strongest  desire  of  life, 
with  an  utter  loathing  of  every  object  for  which  it  is 
worth  preservation. 

Who  has  not  felt  the  power  of  his  imagination  ?  who, 
when  he  has  encountered  some  of  those  strange 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  277 

Fantastic,  irrational,  fanciful,  bred  only  in  the  imag- 
ination. 

Path.     To  what  is  the  life  of  man  here  compared  ? 

Dissolution,  melting  away,  destruction,  act  of  becom- 
ing liquid. 

Relieved,  made  bright,  aided   by  the   interposition  of 
something  unlike. 

Luminous,  bright,  shining,    emitting  light. 

Visions      What  are  they  represented  to  be  1 

Original,  beginning,  origin,  fountain,  source. 

Deluded,  deceived,  mocked,  derided. 

Vision,  sight,  dream,  view,  seeing. 

.Extinct,  gone  out,  expired,  extinguished. 

.Radiance,  brightness,  illumination,  brilliancy. 

Exhales,  arises,  breathes  out,  is  emitted. 

Death.     The   figure   is   taken   from   an   appearance 
sometimes  seen  in  old  grave  yards. 

.Retrospection,    looking  backwards,   act   of  viewing 
what  is  past. 

Expands,  widens,  opens,  grows  more  extensive. 
^   Its  throne.     What  is  reason  here  called  ? 

Reluctant,  averse,  striving  against. 

.Immoveable,  fixed,  firm,  what  cannot  be  moved. 

Monarch.     What  is  death  made  to  resemble  1 

Reciprocal,  mutual,  alternate,  interchangeable. 

Agency,  influence,  action,  state  of  being  in  action. 

Magnitude,  greatness,  grandeur,  comparative  bulk. 

-Scorched,  burned.     Whence  the  figure  ? 

Withered,  faded,  shrunk  away,  wrinkled. 

Impress,  stamp,  device,  mark  made  by  pressure. 

Transfused,  poured  out,  spread  over. 

Contemplation,  meditation,  studious  thought. 

.Cumbrous,  troublesome,  oppressive,  burthensome. 

Inert,  dull,  sluggish,  motionless. 

Insane,  crazy,  delirious,  irrational, 

Aspiration,  ardent  wish,  breathing  after. 

/Ubiquity,  yft-bik'  we-te,  existence  at  the  same  time  in 
all  places. 

Miniited,  mixed,  united,  confounded. 

Preservation,  act  of  preserving  ;  from  preserve. 

Who,  interrogation,  denoting  the  strongest  affirmation. 

Encountered,  met  face  to  face,  attacked. 
24 


278  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

combinations  of  words,  through  which  the  flashing  of  his 
soul  escapes  to  the  world,  has  not  had  to  gather  the 
whole  might  of  his  mind,  ere  he  could  swell  it  to  grasp 
the  full  strength  and  magnitude  of  his  thought  ?"who, 
when  falling  on  some  of  those  expressions  whose  inten- 
sity seems  to  have  absorbed  the  very  objects  which  they 
designate,  has  not  drank  into  overwhelming,  ere  he 
could  exhaust  the  bursting  fulness  of  the  meaning? 
What  but  an  imagination  wider  than  the  domain,  and 
richer  than  the  forms  of  universal  nature,  could  frame 
scenes  of  such  amazing  magnificence,  from  whence 
there  comes  on  the  soul  such  an  overwhelming  rush  of 
mighty  and  awful  grandeur  ?  Oh!  who  would  covet  the 
volcano  of  such  a  bosom  ?  who  would  trust  his  under- 
standing to  the  control  of  swch  tremendous  power  ? 
whose  thoughts  would  not  be  scattered  to  insanity  as  he 
tried  to  gather  them  round  the  rage  and  lightning  im- 
pulse of  his  high  wrought  passion,  when  this  giant  spir- 
it was  contending  with  some  phantom  thrown  out  from 
the  vast  creation  of  his  fancy  ?  80  familiar  have  such 
majestic  visions  become  to  him,  that  the  society  of  men 
and  the  scenery  of  nature  can  offer  nothing  which  can 
beguile  him  from  the  misery  of  his  craving  appetite, 
He  tramples  with  proud  disdain  on  the  ordinary  feelings 
of  men,  and  his  grand  and  majestic  spirit  rises  over  its 
blasted  and  withered  sensations  like  the  tall  pyramid  of 
the  desert,  in  which  the  combined  influence  of  pow- 
er and  desolation  and  sublimity  send  a  deep  awe 
through  the  spirit.  You  will  sometimes  meet  with  such 
breathings  of  intense  misery,  as  will  almost  make  com- 
passion pause  in  astonishment,  and  forget  to  weep. 
Then  comes  out  mingled  rage  and  sullen  defiance  a- 
gainst  that  Almighty  mind,  who  kindled  the  spark  with- 
in him,  which  he  cannot  quench.  Now  he  would  pro- 
voke the  thunder  of  omnipotence,  if  that  thunder  could 
blast  him  to  annihilation.  Then  comes  forth  the  lofty 
ardor  of  a  soul  exulting  in  fanatic  pride  at  that  distinc- 
tion of  suffering,  which  would  dislodge  an  ordinary 
soul  from  its  tabernacle  of  clay.  Now  he  overflows 
with  such  a  tenderness  of  feelings,  with  such  an  admi- 
ration of  heaven,  as  would  almost  exhaust  your  emo- 
tion,— then  he  pours  forth  spite,  and  scorn,  and  bitter- 
ness, at  those  ties,  which  connect  him  with  humanity. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  279 

Flashing  of  his  soul.     What  is  his  soul  like  ? 
-Might,  power,  strength,  energy. 

Grasp,  gripe,  seize,  catch  at,  hold  in  the  hand. 
.Intensity,  excess,  state  of  being  affected  to  a  high  de- 
gree. 

Absorbed,  swallowed  up,  drunk  in. 

Designate,  mark  out,  indicate,  make  known. 

Domain,  dominion,  empire,  possession. 

Universal,  all,  comprehending  every  thing. 
•Magnificence,  grandeur,  splendor. 
-Rush,  violent  course,  plant. 

Covet,  desire,  wish  to  possess,  seek. 

Volcano,  burning  mountain. 

Bosom.     What  is  it  represented  to  be  1 

Tremendous,  dreadful,  horrible,  terrible. 

Impulse,  mov   ment,  like  what  is  it  ? 

Wrought,  ravvt,  effected,  actuated,  excited,  raised. 

Giant,  mighty,  powerful,  like  a  giant. 

.Scenery,  prospects,  views,  landscapes. 
.Beguile,  allure,  deceive,  lead  astray. 

Craving,  hungry,  insatiable,  excessive* 

Proud  disdain,  disdain  arising  from  pride. 

Sensations,  feelings.     What  are  they  like  ? 

Pyramid,  tall,  regular,  solid  figures,  found  in  Egypt. 

Sublimity,  loftiness  of  feeling,  height ;  from  sublime* 

Awe,  aw,  reverence,  reverential  fear. 

Breathings,  glowings,  aspirations,  inspirations. 

Compassion.     What  is  it  represented  to  be  1 

Defiance,  challenge,  invitation  to  fight,  expression  of 
contempt. 

Spark  within  him.     What  is  that  spark  ? 

Provoke,  challenge,  make  angry. 

.Annihilation,  an-ni-he-la'  shun,    act   of    reducing  to 
nothing. 

Fanatic,  fa-nat'  ik,  enthusiastic,  superstitious. 

Dislodge,  remove,  turn  from  his  lodging ;  from  lodge. 
.Tabernacle,  tenement,  habitation,  tent,  dwelling. 

Admiration,  ad-me-ra'  shun,  act  of  admiring,  wonder. 

Emotion,  feelings,  excited  feeling,  sensation. 

Spite,  malice,  rancor,  hate,  malignity. 
-Humanity,  nature  of  man,  human    kind,    benevo- 
lence. 


289  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Take  another  instance  of  the  operation  of  imagina- 
tion on  those,  who  are  called  fanatics  or  enthusiasts* 
How  often  has  it  swept  over  the  moral  world  with  a  des- 
olation like  that  which  follows  the  irresistible  course  of 
the  whirlwind  how  has  it  concentrated  the  whole  man 
to  one  point, — how  with  a  firm,  and  giant  grasp  it  seizes 
and  amalgamates  the  energies  of  various  passions,  and 
aiming  at  some  object,  no  matter  whether  great  or  small, 
real  or  unreal,  it  bursts  forth  like  the  flaming  ebullition 
of  a  volcano,  and  heating  the  surrounding  mass  of 
mind  rolls  on  it  in  a  flood  of  fire  and  lays  in  ruins  those 
institutions  which  the  pride  of  wisdom  has  reared  on 
the  foundation  of  ages. 

If  it  were  not  irreverent  on  such  a  subject  as  this,  I 
could  mention  how  Cowper  suffered  from  the  delusions 
which  magnified  his  distress  beyond  the  actual  reality 
of  his  guilt  ;  how  every  passage  of  holy  writ,  spoke 
damnation  to  his  soul  :  how  every  event  of  his  life  was 
a  messenger  of  Almighty  vengeance ;  how  he  read 
scorn  and  loathing  in  every  eye  that  looked  on  him  ; 
how  even  the  most  trifling  action  of  his  life  assumed  a 
magnitude  of  iniquity,  which  ontmeasured  the  guilt  of  sa- 
tan,  and  rung  the  thunders  of  the  last  sentence  in  his  ears. 

Physical  derangement  affects  the  imagination  when 
it  becomes  a  source  of  exquisite  suffering.  One  so  af- 
fected, I  have  seen,  the  victim  of  a  causeless  sorrow, — 
causeless,  I  say,  for  no  guilty  remembrance,  was  the  se- 
cret which  haunted  him,  no  dread  of  calamity,  which 
weighed  him  down  ;  but  a  darkness  deep  and  dreadful 
had  settled  on  his  understanding  ;  the  fearful  agony  of 
his  countenance  bespoke  an  unknown  something,  which 
gnawed  within  him  ;  the  sound  of  his  voice  went  through 
you  like  the  tones  of  despair :  his  breath  was  like 
the  sigh  and  grasp  of  a  death-bed  just  at  that  sol- 
emn and  dread  moment  when  the  soul  passes  from  time 
into  eternity.  The  healing  voice  of  sympathy  he  heard 
not,  the  distress  which  met  him  in  the  looks  of  one  who 
felt  with  him,  and  wept  with  him,  and  suffered  with  him, 
lie  regarded  not ;  or  if  he  did,  it  was  with  a  heave  and 
swell  of  agonizing  feeling,  which  I  know  not  if  it  had 
not  burst  his  bosom  asunder ;  but  he  could  weep  ; — he 
did  weep,  and  his  visage  resumed  the  sullen  quiet  of  de- 
spondence, the  gloom  of  utter  hopelessness. 


ANALYTICAL  HEADER.  281 

Operation,  act  of  working  ;  from  operate. 
Enthusiasts,  6n-£/uV  zhe-asts,  persons  ot  heated  imag- 
inations. 

Moral  world,  world  of  men,   in  distinction    from  the 
natural  world. 

Irresistible,  most  powerful,  what  cannot  be  resisted. 

Amalgamates,  makes  one,  unites  metals  quickly. 

.Energies,  powers,  strength,  influences. 

Unreal,  fictitious,  feigned,  fanciful. 

.Ebullition,  boiling  up  with  heat,  intestine  motion. 

Flood  of  fire,  figure  from  the  lava,  or  streams  of  fire 
from  a  volcano. 

.Reared,  erected,  raised,  elevated. 

Foundation,  from  found. 

Irreverent,    without  due    respect,    not  paying  proper 
homage,  unbecoming. 

Delusions,  deceptions,  mockings  ;  from  delude. 

-Magnified,  made  greater,  enlarged,  increased,  exalted. 

-Passage,  sentence,  expression,  place  of  crossing. 

Event,  act,  deed,  end,  issue. 

Messenger,  bearer  of  a  message,  one  who   carries  an 
errand. 

Vengeance,  wrath,  punishment. 

Rung,  sounded  as  from  a  bell. 

Last  sentence.     What  does  this  mean  1 

Physical,  natural,  relating  to  the  body,  corporeal. 

Derangement,  disorder,  delirium,  insanity. 

Exquisite,  consummate,  far  sought,  most  excessive. 

Causeless,  without  cause. 

Guilty  remembrance,  remembrance  of  guilt. 

Haunted,  ban7  ted,  frequented,  was  much  about. 

Calamity,  misfortune,  miserable  accident. 

Bespoke,  indicated,  ordered  a  thing  beforehand, 

Gnawed.     Of  what  creature  is  this  peculiarly  used  ? 

Tones  of  despair.     What  kind  of  tones  are  they  ? 

Spell  solemn,  sol'em,  heard,  herd. 

Met  him,  came  to  his  view,  was  seen  by  him. 

Regarded,  heeded,  respected,  esteemed. 

Agonized,  most  distressed  ;  from  agony. 

Visage,  countenance,  aspect,  rnein. 

Sullen,  gloomy,  angry,  sluggishly  discontented. 

Hopelessness,  despair,  without  hope. 
24* 


SEQUEL  TO  THE 
LESSON  LXV. 

Exercises  on  Inflection. — PORTER'S  ANALYSIS. 

The  disjunctive  (or)  has  the  rising. inflection  before,  and  the  falling  after  it. 

Then  said  Jesus  unto  them,  I  will  ask  you  one  thing  ; 
Is  it  lawful  on  the  sabbath  days  to  do  good,  or  to  do  evil  ? 
to  save  life,  or  to  destroy  it  ? 

Whether  we  are  hurt  by  a  mad  or  a  blind  man,  the 
pain  is  still  the  same.  Arid  with  regard  to  those  who 
are  undone,  it  avails  little  whether  it  be  by  a  man  who 
deceives  them,  or  by  one  who  is  himself  deceived. 

The  direct  question  has  the  rising  inflection,  and  the  answer  has  the  falling. 

Is  not  this  the  carpenter's  son  ?  is  not  his  mother  call- 
ed Mary  ?  and  his  brethren,  James,  and  Joses,  and  Si- 
mon, and  Judas  1  and  his  sisters,  are  they  not  all  with 
us? 

Are  we  intended  for  actors  in  the  grand  drama  of  e- 
ternity  ?  Are  we  candidates  for  the  plaudit  of  the  ration- 
al creation  ?  Are  we  formed  to  participate  the  supreme 
beatitude  in  communicating  happiness  ?  Are  we  destin- 
ed to  tco-operate  with  God  in  advancing  the  order  and 
perfection  of  his  works  ?  How  sublime  a  creature  then 
is  man ! 

The  following  are  examples  of  both  question  and  answer. 

What,  then,  what  was  Caesar's  object  ?  Do  we  select 
extortioners,  to  enforce  the  laws  of  equity  ?  Do  we  make 
choice  of  profligates,  to  guard  the  morals  of  society  ? 
Do  we  depute  atheists,  to  preside  over  the  rites  of  religion? 
I  will  not  press  the  answer  :  I  need  not  press  the  an- 
swer ;  the  premises  of  my  argument  render  it  unneces- 
sary.— What  would  content  you  ?  Talent?  No  f  Enter- 
prise ?  No  !  Courage  ?  No  !  Reputation  ?  No  !  Virtue? 
No  !  The  men  whom  you  would  select,  should  possess, 
not  one,  but  all  of  these. 

There  is  not  an  evil  incident  to  human  nature  for 
which  the  gospel  doth  not  provide  a  remedy.  Are  you 
ignorant  of  many  things  which  it  highly  concerns  you  to 
know  ?  The  gospel  offers  you  instruction.  Have  you 
deviated  from  the  path  of  duty  ?  The  gospel  offers  you 
forgiveness.  Do  temptations  surround  you  ?  The  gospel 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  288 

offers  you  the  aid  of  heaven.  Are  you  exposed  to  mise- 
ry ?  It  consoles  you.  Are  you  subject  to  death  1  It  of- 
fers you  immortality. 

When  (or)  is  used  conjunctively,  it  has  the  same  inflection  before  and  after  it. 

Canst  thou  draw  out  leviathan  with  a  hook  ?  or  his 
tongue  with  a  cord  which  thou  lettest  down  1  Canst  thou 
put  a  hook  into  his  nose  ?  or  bore  his  jaw  through  with 
a  thorn  ?  Wilt  thou  play  with  him  as  with  a  bird  ?  or 
wilt  thou  bind  him  for  thy  maidens  1  Canst  thou  fill  his 
skin  with  barbed  irons  ?  or  his  head  with  fish  spears  ? 

But  should  these  credulous  infidels  after  all  be  in  the 
right,  and  this  pretended  revelation  be  all  a  fable ;  from 
believing  it  what  harm  could  ensue  ?  would  it  render 
princes  more  tyrannical,  or  subjects  more  ungovernable, 
the  rich  more  insolent,  or  the  poor  more  disorderly  ? 
Would  it  make  worse  parents  or  children,  husbands  or 
wives  ;  masters,  or  servants,  friends,  or  neighbors  1  or 
would  it  not  make  men  more  virtuous,  and,  consequent- 
ly, more  happy  in  every  situation  1* 

Negation  opposed  to  affirmation. 

Think  not,  that  the  influence  of  devotion  is  confined 
to  the  retirement  of  the  closet  and  the  assemblies  of  the 
saints,  Imagine  not,  that,  unconnected  with  the  duties 
of  life,  it  is  suited  only  to  those  enraptured  souls,  whose 
feelings,  perhaps,  you  deride  as  romantic  and  visionary. 
It  is  the  guardian  of  innocence — it  is  the  instrument  of 
virtue — it  is  a  mean  by  which  every  good  affection  may 
be  formed  and  improved. 

But  this  is  no  time  for  a  tribunal  of  justice,  but  for 
showing  mercy  ;  not  for  accusation,  but  for  philanthro- 
py ;  not  for  trial  but  for  pardon  ;  not  for  sentence  and 
execution,  but  for  compassion  and  kindness. 

Comparison  and  contrast. 

By  honor  and  dishonor,  by  evil  report  and  good  re- 
port ;  as  deceivers,  and  yet  true  ;  as  unknown,  and  yet 
well  known  ;  as  dy'ing,  and  behold  we  live  ;  as  chasten- 
ed, and  not  killed  ;  as  sorrowful,  yet  always  rejoicing ; 
as  poor,  yet  making  many  rich  ;  as  having  nothing,  and 
yet  possessing  all  things. 

*The  last  or  is  disjunctive, 


234  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

The  most  frightful  disorders  arose  from  the  state  of 
feudal  anarchy.  Force  decided  all  things.  Europe 
was  one  great  field  of  battle,  where  the  weak  struggled 
for  freedom,  and  the  strong  for  dominion.  The  king  was 
without  power,  and  the  nobles  without  principle.  They 
were  tyrants  at  home,  and  robbers  abroad.  Nothing 
remained  to  be  a  check  upon  ferocity  and  violence. 

Homer  was  the  greater  genius  ;  Virgil  the  better  ar- 
tist :  in  the  one,  we  most  admire  the  man ;  in  the  other, 
the  work.  Homer  hurries  us  with  a  commanding  im- 
petuosity ;  Virgil  leads  us  with  an  attractive  majesty. 
Homer  scatters  with  a  generous  profusion;  Virgil  be- 
stows with  a  careful  magnificence.  Homer,  like  the 
Nile,  pours  out  his  riches  with  a  sudden  overflow  ;  Vir- 
gil, like  a  river  in  its  banks,  with  a  constant  stream. — 
And  when  we  look  upon  their  machines,  Homer  seems, 
like  his  own  Jupiter  in  his  terrors,  shaking  Olympus, 
scattering  the  lightnings,  and  firing  the  heavens  ;  Vir- 
gil, like  the  same  power  in  his  benevolence,  counselling 
with  the  gods,  laying  plans  for  empires,  and  ordering  his 
whole  creation. 

Dryden  knew  more  of  man  in  his  general  nature,  and 
Pope  in  his  local  manners.  The  notions  of  Dryden  were 
formed  by  comprehensive  speculation,  those  of  Pope  by 
minute  attention.  There  is  more  dignity  in  the  knowl- 
eflge  of  Dry'den,  and  more  certainty  in  that  of  Pope. 

Poetry  was  not  the  sole  praise  of  either ;  for  both  ex- 
celled likewise  in  prose ;  but  Pope  did  not  borrow  his 
prose  from  his  predecessor.  The  style  of  Dryden  is 
capricious  and  varied  ;  that  of  Pope  is  cautious  and 
uniform.  Dryden  obeys  the  motions  of  his  own  mind  ; 
Pope  constrains  his  mind  to  his  own  rules  of  composi- 
tion. Dryden  is  sometimes  vehement  and  rapid  ;  Pope 
is  always  smooth,  uniform,  and  gentle.  Dryden's  page 
is  a  natural  field,  rising  into  inequalities,  and  diversifi- 
ed by  the  varied  exuberance  of  abundant  vegetation; 
Pope's  is  a  velvet  lawn,  shaven  by  the  scythe,  and  lev- 
elled by  the  roller. — Dryden's  performances  were  al- 
ways hasty  ;  either  excited  by  some  external  occasion, 
or  extorted  by  domestic  necessity  :  he  composed  with- 
out consideration,  and  published  without  correction. 
What  his  mind  could  supply  at  call,  or  gather  in  one 


ANALYTICAL  HEADER.  285 

excursion,  was  all  that  he  sought  and  all  that  he  gave. 
The  dilatory  caution  of  Pope  enabled  him  to  condense 
his  sentiments,  to  multiply  his  images,  and  to  accumu- 
late all  that  study  might  produce,  or  chance  might  sup- 
ply. If  the  flights  of  Dryden,  therefore,  are  higher, 
Pope  continues  longer  on  the  wing.  If  of  Dryden'sfire,  * 
the  blaze  is  brighter ;  of  Pope's  the  heat  is  more  regular 
and  constant.  Dryden  often  surpasses  expectation,  and 
Pope  never  falls  below  it.  Dryden  is  read  with  frequent 
astonishment,  and  Pope  with  perpetual  delight. 

The  pause  of  suspension  requires  the  rising  inflection. 

A  guilty  or  a  discontented  mind,  a  mind,  ruffled  by 
ill  fortune,  disconcerted  by  its  own  passions,  soured  by 
neglect,  or  fretting  at  disappointments,  hath  not  leisure 
to  attend  to  the  necessity  or  reasonableness  of  a  kind- 
ness desired,  nor  a  taste  for  those  pleasures  which  wait 
on  beneficence,  which  demand  a  calm  and  unpolluted 
heart  to  relish  them. 

The  indirect  question  and  its  answer  have  the  falling  inflection. 

Whether  of  the  twain  will  ye  that  I  release  unto  you,; 
They  said,  Barabbas.  Pilate  saith  unto  them,  What 
shall  I  do  then  with  Jesus,  which  is  called  Christ  i  They 
all  say  unto  him,  Let  him  be  crucified.  And  the  gover- 
nor said,  Why  j  what  evil  hath  he  done  i  But  they  cri- 
ed out  the  more  saying,  Let  him  be  crucified. 

Language  of  authority,  surprise,  denunciation  and  reprehension. 

How  long  wilt  thou  sleep,  O  sluggard  ?  when  wilt 
thou  arise  out  of  thy  sleep  ? — Yet  a  little  sleep,  a  little 
slumber,  a  little  folding  of  the  hands  to  sleep: — So  shall 
thy  poverty  come  as  one  that  travelleth,  and  thy  want  as 
an  armed  man. 

Emphatic  succession  of  particulars. 

Rejoice  evermore,  pray  without  ceasing  : — in  every 
thing  give  thanks :  for  this  is  the  will  of  God  in  Christ 
Jesus  concerning  you. — Quench  not  the  Spirit: — De- 
spise not  prophesyings. — Prove  all  things  ;  hold  fast 
that  which  is  good. 


SEQUEL  TO  THE 

LESSON  LXVI. 
AMERICANISMS.— Pi  CKERING. 

Americanism  denotes  a  use  of  phrases  or  terms,  or  a 
construction  of  sentences,  even  among  persons  of  rank 
and  education,  [in  America]  different  from  the  use  of 
the  same  terms  and  phrases,  or  the  construction  of  sim- 
ilar sentences  in  Great  Britain. 

To  Admire,  to  like  very  much,  to  be  very  fond  of. 
This  verb  is  much  used  in  New  JSngland,  in  expressions 
like  the  following  :  I  should  admire  to  go  to  such  a  place; 
I  should  admire  to  have  such  and  such  a  thing.  It  is  never 
thus  used  by  the  English  ;  and  among  us  it  is  confined 
to  the  language  of  conversation.  \ 

To  Arrive.  It  is  remarked  by  Englishmen,  that  we  in 
many  cases  employ  the  auxiliary  verb  to  have  with  this 
and  some  other  verbs  of  a  similar  nature,  with  which 
the  English  more  commonly  use  the  auxiliary  to  be  ;  as, 
for  instance — we  have  now  arrived  at  the  end  of  a  labori- 
ous task — while  the  English  would  say,  we  are  now  ar- 
rived, &c. 

Awful.  This  word  is  often  applied  in  New  England, 
not  to  what  creates  surprise,  but  dislike  or  disgust,  as  of 
a  disagreeable  medicine,  it  is  an  awful  medicine  ;  of  an 
uglj  woman,  an  awful  looking  woman  !  of  a  cold  wind, 
an  awful  wind. 

To  Calculate,  to  expect,  suppose,  think  ;  as,  I  cal- 
culate to  leave  town  to-inorrow,  I  calculate  he  will  do 
such  a  thing.  An  English  traveller  thus  ridicules,  the 
use  of  this  arid  some  other  words,  in  the  country  towns 
of  New  England. — "The  crops  are  progressing,  says 
Nathan,  though  I  calculate  as  how  this  is  a  prodigious 
weedy  soil." 

Clever.  By  clever,  Americans  generally  mean,  only 
goodness  of  disposition,  worthiness,  or  integrity  with- 
out the  least  regard  to  capacity  ;  and  it  is  sometimes  ap- 
plied where  there  is  an  acknowledged  simplicity  or  me- 
diocrity of  character,  as  a  clever  man,  a  clever  woman. 
In  England,  clever  always  means  capacity,  and  may  be 
joined  either  to  a  good  or  bad  disposition.  It  is  very 
common  in  England  to  say,  He  is  a  very  clever  fellow, 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  287 

but  I  am  sorry  to  say  it,  he  is  also  a  great  rogue.  In 
speaking  of  any  thing  but  man,  we  use  the  word  much  as 
the  English  do. 

Cleverly.  This  is  much  used  in  some  parts  of  New 
England,  instead  of  well,  or  very  well.  In  answer  to  the 
common  salutation,  how  do  you  do  1  we  often  hear, 
Cleverly. 

Composuist,  a  writer,  composer.  This  extraordi- 
nary word  has  been  much  used  at  some  of  our  colleges, 
but  very  seldom  elsewhere.  It  is  now  rarely  heard. 

To  Conduct.  This  verb  is  very  commonly  used  in 
New  England,  both  in  conversation,  and  by  our  writers, 
without  the  personal  pronoun  ; — as,  he  conducts  well,  for, 
he  conducts  himself  well.  He  was  obliged  to  conduct, 
so  as  not  to  give  offence.  But  this  is  a  corrupt  idiorn 
and  ought  to  be  entirely  avoided. 

Considerable.  This  word  is  still  frequently  used  in 
the  manner  pointed  out  by  Dr.  Witherspoon  in  the  fol- 
lowing remark  :  He  is  considerable  of  a  surveyor  ;  con- 
siderable ©fit  may  be  found  in  the  country. 

Corn.  Tins  word,  in  many  parts  of  the  United  States, 
and  particularly  in  Neic-England,  signifies  exclusively 
Indian  corn,  or  maize,  which  has  been  the  principal  sost 
of  corn  cultivated  in  those  parts  of  the  country.  Wheat, 
rye,  and  the  other  sorts  of  corn,  are  generally  called 
grain,  and  frequently  English  grain.  In  England,  corn 
is  a  general  term,  and  means  all  sorts  of  grain  that  are 
used  for  bread.  The  meal  of  Indian  corn,  (which  we 
call  Indian  meal)  is  in  England  generally  called  Indian 
corn  meal. 

County.  In  speaking  of  counties,  the  names  of  which 
are  compounded  of  the  word  shire  (for  example,  Hamp- 
shire, Berkshire*  <&c.)  we  say  the  county  of  Hampshire, 
the  county  of  Berkshire,  &c.  In  England,  they  would 
say,  either  Hampshire,  or  Berkshire,  simply,  without  the 
word  county  ;  or,  the  county  of  Hants,  the  county  of 
Berks,  &c.  The  word  shire  of  itself,  as  every  body 
knows,  means  county. 

Curious.  This  word  is  often  used  by  the  common 
farmers  of  New-England,  in  the  sense  of  excellent  or  pe- 
culiarly excellent ;  as  in  these  expressions  :  "  These  are 
Curious  apples  ;  this  is  curious  cider,"  &c. 


288  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

Decent,  tolerable,  pretty  good ;  as,  he  is  a  decent 
scholar;  a  decent  writer;  he  is  nothing  more  than  de- 
cent. This  word  has  been  in  common  use  at  some  of 
our  colleges,  but  only  in  the  language  of  conversation. 

Desk,  a  pulpit.  An  English  traveller  thus  notices 
the  use  of  this  word  in  Connecticut :  "  The  pulpit,  or, 
as  it  is  here  called,  the  dc*k,  was  filled  by  three,  if  not  four 
clergymen."  "  They  are  common  to  every  species  of 
oratory,  though  of  rarer  use  in  the  desk." 

Equally  as.  Dr.  Witherspoon  says,  this  is  frequent 
in  conversation  and  public  speaking.  It  is  also  to  be 
found  in  some  publications  of  which  it  is  needless  to 
name  the  authors  ;  but  it  is  just  as  good  English  to  say 
the  most  highest  mountain  in  America. 

To  Expect,  to  suppose,  think.  Says  a  writer  in  the 
Port  Folio,  "  In  most  parts  of  the  world,  people  expect 
things  that  are  to  come  ;  but  in  Pennsylvania,  more  par- 
ticularly in  the  metropolis,  we  expect  things  that  are  past. 
One  man  tells  another,  he  expects  he  has  had  a  very 
pleasant  ride.  1  have  heard  a  wise  man  of  Gotham 
(N.  York  city)  say,  he  expected  Alexander,  the  Mace- 
donian, was  the  greatest  conqueror  of  antiquity."  This 
use  of  the  verb  expect  has  now  extended  to  other  parts  of 
the  United  States. 

Factory.  This  is  a  new  word  in  America,  and  is 
doubtless  an  abbreviation  of  manufactory  ;  but  its  com- 
mon English  meaning  is  well  known  to  be,  "  a  house  or 
district  inhabited  by  traders  in  a  distant  country,"  and 
"  the  traders  embodied  in  one  place." 

Fellow  Countrymen.  This  is  a  word  of  frequent  use 
in  America.  It  has  been  heard  in  public  orations  from 
men  of  the  first  character,  and  may  be  daily  seen  in 
newspaper  publications.  It  is  an  evident  tautology,  for 
the  last  word  expresses  fully  the  meaning  of  both.  If 
you  open  any  dictionary,  you  will  find  the  word  coun- 
tryman, signifies  one  born  in  the  same  country.  You 
may  say  fellow  citizens,  fellow  soldiers,  fellow  subjects, 
feilow  Christians,  but  not  fellow  countrymen. 

Folks.  This  old  word  is  much  used  in  New  England 
instead  of  people  or  persons.  1.  For  the  persons  in  one's 
family;  as,  in  this  common  phrase — how  do  your  folks 
do  ?  that  is,  your  family.  2.  For  people  in  general;  as 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  289 

in  expressions  of  this  kind  ;  what  do  folks  think  of  it  ? 
<fcc.  Dr.  Johnson  says,  "  that  it  is  now  used  only  in 
familiar  or  burlesque  language."  In  New  England  it 
is  growing  obsolete. 

To  Graduate,  to  take  a  degree  at  an  university. 
This  verb  was,  till  lately,  always  used  as  by  us,  as  a 
verb  neuter  or  intransitive  ;  as,  He  graduated  at  the  uni 
versity  of  Cambridge  ;  but  many  persons  now  say,  lie 
was  graduated.  In  England  the  last  sense  of  this  word 
is  rare. 

Grand,  much  used  in  conversation  for  very  good,  ex- 
cellent, fine  ;  as,  this  is  grand  news. 

To  Guess.  This  is  one  of  the  most  common  words  in 
use  among  the  people  of  New  England ;  and  from  its 
frequent  recurrence,  has  been  the  subject  of  much  ridi- 
cule, not  only  among  the  English,  but  among  the  peo- 
ple of  the  Southern  States.  A  late  English  traveller  thus 
amuses  himself  with  this  word,  as  used  in  our  country 
towns  ;  "  I  guess  as  how,  Jonathan,  it's  not  so  could  as 
yeasterday"  "  Why  1  guess,  Nathan,  that  the  wind 
has  changed."  The  greatest  abuse  of  this  word  is  guess- 
ing about  things  well  known.  The  word  means  to  con- 
jecture, to  judge  without  any  certain  principles  of  judg- 
ment. 

Hack,  in  America,  an  abbreviation  of  hackney  coach. 
In  England,  it  signifies  "  a  horse,  much  used  or  let  out 
for  hire." 

Happifying,  making  happy.  This  strange  word  is 
sometimes  heard  from  our  pulpits,  and  is  also  found  in 
some  printed  sermons. 

Heft.  This  word  is  used  in  this  country  to  signify 
the  weight  of  any  thing,  and  also  for  the  bulk  or  great- 
er part  of  any  thing.  It  is  not  in  the  dictionaries,  and 
is  used  only  by  the  illiterate. 

Help.  This  term  is  used  in  New  England,  for  ser- 
vants, and  is  generally  applied  to  female  servants  ;  as, 
my  help  is  very  good,  she  is  very  good  help. 

To  Improve.  This  verb  is  used  in  New  England  in 
the  sense  of  occupy,  employ,  make  use  of;  as  in  the  fol- 
lowing examples  :  "  on  such  a  day  will  be  sold  by  auc- 
tion, a  country  house,  which  has  been  for  many  years 
improved  as  a  tavern."  In  giving  a  character  of  a  de- 
25 


290  SEQUEL  TO  THE 

ceased  country  gentleman,  it  was  said,  that  he  had 
been  for  many  years,  improved  as  a  justice  of  the  peace. 

Jeopardize,  is  doubtless  a  corruption  of  the  old  word 
jeopard;  but  jeopard  and  jeopardy  are  obsolete. 

To  lay,  for  To  lie,  is  a  prevailing  vulgarism  in  con- 
versation, in  public  speaking,  and  in  printed  books, 
says  Dr.  Witherspoon.  It  is  much  less  used  at  the  pres- 
ent day,  than  when  Dr.  Witherspoon  wrote.  But  we 
now  frequently  hear  in  conversation,  "  I  will  lay 
down  ;"  "  He  would  lay  on  the  ground." 

Lengthy.  This  word,  used  instead  of  long,  has  been 
so  much  ridiculed  by  Americans  as  well  as  Englishmen, 
that  in  writing  it  is  now  generally  avoided. 

Likely.  Throughout  the  British  dominions,  and  in 
most  parts  of  the  United  States,  the  epithet  likely  con- 
veys an  idea  of  mere  personal  beauty,  unconnected 
with  any  moral  or  intellectual  quality.  But  in  New  En- 
gland, a  man  or  woman,  as  deformed  as  an  Ourang 
Outang,  may  be  likely,  or  very  likely. 

Madam.  The  practice  prevails  in  most  of  the  coun- 
try towns  in  New  England,  to  prefix  to  the  name  of  a 
deceased  female  of  some  consideration,  as  the  parson's, 
the  deacon's,  or  the  doctor's  wife,  the  epithet,  Madam. 

Nationality,  is  used  by  some  writers  in  America,  but 
is  a  new  word  and  not  to  be  found  in  the  dictionaries. 

To  Notify.  In  America  these  forms  of  expression  are 
often  seen:  "  This  is  to  notify  the  public ;"  or,  "the 
public  is  hereby  notified."  Notify  means  to  make  known, 
and  to  notify  the  public,  is  to  make  the  public  known. 
We  ought  to  notify  the  thing  to  the  person,  not  the  per- 
son of  the  thing. 

To  obligate,  for  obliged,  is  an  unauthorised  word. 

Over.  This  word  is  very  improperly  used  for  under  ; 
as,  "  He  wrote  over  the  signature  of  Junius." 

Poorly,  is  wrongly  used  in  the  sense  of  rather  indis- 
posed, indifferent,  ill. 

Prayerful,  and  prayerless,  used  in  the  prayers  of  cler- 
gymen, and  in  some  printed  sermons,  but  found  in  none 
of  the  dictionaries. 

To  Progress.  This  obsolete  English  word,  which 
was  never  heard  among  us  before  the  revolution,  has 
had  an  extraordinary  currency  for  the  last  thirty  years. 


ANALYTICAL  READER.  291 

Dr.  Johnson  says  it  is  not  used,  and  it  has  been  frequent- 
ly condemned  by  the  best  American,  as  well  as  English 
writers. 

To  Reckon,  used  in  some  of  the  Southern  States,  as 
guess  in  the  Northern. 

Renewcdly.  This  word  is  often  used  in  the  pulpits  of 
New  England,  for  anew,  again  ;  but  it  is  destitute  of  all 
authority. 

Requirement.  This  word  is  sometimes  used  by  Amer- 
ican writers,  but  it  does  not  rank  as  a  good  English 
word. 

Rock,  for  Stone.  In  New  England,  we  often  hear  the 
expression  of  heaving  rocks,  for  throwing-  stones. 

Sat,  for  Set,  is  used  in  conversation  both  in  England 
and  America  ;  as,  "  I  sat  out  yesterday  morning,"  for  I 
set  out. 

Sit,  for  Set,  is  often  used  in  New  England  ;  as,  the 
sitting  sun,  for  the  setting  sun. 

Sauce,  a  general  term  in  New  England  for  all  escu- 
lent vegetables,  and  also  strangely  used  for  impertinence 
— as,  he  was  a  saucv  boy. 

To  Solemnize,  often  used  in  New  England  for,  to 
make  solemn  or  serious ;  as,  "  may  the  minds  of  the 
hearers  be  solemnized. 

Some,  used  in  the  sense  of  somewhat,  something  ;  as, 
He  is  some  better  than  he  was  ;  it  rains  some,  it  snows 
some,  &c. — Used  chiefly  by  the  illiterate. 

Sprigh,  or  spry,  for  nimble,  brisk ;  as,  go  sprigh,  he 
is  a  very  sprigh  boy  ; — a  word,  which  has  neither  use 
nor  dignity. 

Turnpike.  By  turnpike,  the  English  always  mean  the 
gate  on  a  turnpike  road,  never  the  road  itself. 

To  Variate.  This  is  a  favorite  word  with  a  few  of  our 
clergymen  ;  as,  in  prayers  it  is  said,  variate  of  thy  mer- 
cies according  to  our  circumstances  and  wants.  It  is 
not  in  any  of  the  dictionaries. 


APPENDIX. 

ABSTRACT  and  CONCRETE.  An  abstract  term  signifies  an  at- 
tribute, without  referring  to  the  subject  in  which  it  may  be  found. 
A  concrete  term  denotes  both  the  attribute  and  the  subject. 
Poverty,  pride,  roundness,  smoothness,  quantity,  are  abstract 
terms.  Poor,  proud,  round,  gentleman,  are  concrete  terms.  In 
the  sentence  from  which  the  reference  is  made,  poverty  and 
pride  are  used  instead  of  poor  and  proud  persons. 

AFRICA.  Palm,  or  date  trees,  banian,  and  sandal  wood,  a- 
bound  in  this  country. 

ALEPPO,  a  city  in  Syria,  containing  250,000  inhabitants, 
possessed  by  the  Turks. 

ALLEGORY,  the  representation  of  some  person  or  thing  by 
another  that  resembles  it,  and  that  is  made  to  stand  for  it.  It 
may  be  called  a  continued  metaphor,  since,  like  that,  it  is  found- 
ed on  resemblance.  It  is  not  often  used ;  and  not  so  often  by 
modern  writers,  as  by  those  of  the  preceding  ages. 

ALLITERATION,  a  succession  of  words,  commencing  with  the 
same  letter ;  as,  "  puffs,  powders,  patches," 

AMERICAN  ARMY,  the  army  that  fought  thebattles  of  our  rev- 
olution, and  gave  us  the  blessings  of  civil  and  religious  free- 
dom. But  few,  who  were  in  this  army,  are  now  living:  and  of 
this  few  the  greater  part  are  poor  and  destitute* 

ANGLE,  a  corner,  formed  usually  by  the  meeting  of  two  lines. 
The  circumference  of  every  circle  is  supposed  to  be  divided 
into  360  equal  parts,  called  degrees.  A  semi-circle,  of  course, 
contains  180  degress,  and  a  quadrant,  or  quarter  of  a  circle, 
contains  90  degrees.  Now,  if  you  draw  two  diameters  to  a 
circle,  dividing  it  into  quadrants,  you  will  see  that  these  diam- 
eters form  four  equal  angles  at  the  centre  of  the  circle.  Then, 
erasing  one  half  of  each  diameter,  one  of  the  four  angles  will 
remain.  This  angle,  it  will  be  perceived,  is  formed  by  two  lines, 
meeting  at  the  centre,  and  including  or  embracing  one  fourth 
part  of  the  circumference.  Hence,  because  the  two  lines, 
which  form  the  angle  at  the  centre,  include  such  a  portion  of 


APPENDIX.  293 

thd  circumference  as  contains  '90  degrees,  the  angle  itself  is 
said  to  contain  90  degrees,  or  to  be  an  angle  of  90  degrees.  If, 
now,  a  line  be  drawn  from  the  centre  to  the  circumference, 
exactly  in  the  middle  between  the  other  two  lines,  it  will  divide 
the  angle  of  90  degrees  into  two  equal  parts,  or,  in  other  words, 
into  two  angles  of  45  degrees  each.  In  like  manner,  an  angle 
may  contain  any  number  of  degrees  whatever,  less  than  180, 
according  to  the  portion  of  the  circumference  included  be- 
tween the  two  lines  which  form  the  angle;  the  angle  being  sit- 
uated, or  supposed  to  be  situated,  at  the  centre  of  a  circle. 
Thus,  it  will  be  seen,  that  the  four  angles  of  a  square  contain 
90  degrees  each ;  and  that,  if  a  figure  be  made  with  three  an* 
glesonly,  two  of  these  will  always  contain  less  than  90  degrees 
each,  and  the  other  may  contain  either  90  degrees,  or  a  num- 
ber of  degrees  either  greater  or  less  than  90. 

A  figure  with  three  angles,  is  called  a  triangle.  An  angle 
of  90  degrees,  is  called  a  right  angle.  An  angle  of  more  than 
90  degrees,  is  called  an  obtuse  angle.  An  angle  of  less  than 
90  degrees,  is  called  an  acute  angle. 

05s3  Let  the  instructor  illustrate  the  preceding  by  numerous 
examples,  and  let  the  scholar  make,  on  his  slate  or  on  paper, 
all  the  various  angles  and  figures  that  are  mentioned. 

ANTITHESIS,  a  figure,  by  which  things,  very  different  or  con- 
trary, are  contrasted  or  placed  together,  that  they  may  mutually 
set  off,  and  illustrate  each  other. 

BLACK  COLOR.  This  color  is  the  warmest  only  in  warm 
weather;  and  the  reason  is,  that  heat  passes  through  it  directly. 
But  in  light  colors  the  rays  of  heat  are  reflected,  or  turned  back ; 
so  that  light  colored  garments  are  both  coolest  in  summer  and 
warmest  in  winter. 

BOTHWELL,  the  third  husband  of  Mary  of  Scotland,  but  not 
allowed  the  title  ofking.  He,  with  Mary,  was  accused  of  be- 
ing accessary  to  the  murder  of  Darnley,  her  second  husband. 
About  one  month  after  nis  marriage,  he  was  compelled  to  leave 
Mary,  and  was  finally  driven  from  Scotland  ;  and,  having  sub- 
sisted awhile  by  piracy,  was  at  length  carried  prisoner  to  Nor- 
way, where  he  died  a  most  miserable  death. 

BRAIN.  The  brain  is  considered  the  seat  of  intellect,  and  the 
heart  the  seat  of  the  affections :  Hence  brain  is  often  used  for 
reason,  and  heart  for  affections. 

C^SAR.  Julius  Caesar,  the  first  Emperor  of  Rome,  distin- 
guished for  his  ambition,  courage  and  success.  He  subdued 
all  his  enemies,  and  greatly  enlarged  the  boundaries  of  the  Ro- 
man Empire.  At  the  summit  of  his  greatness,  after  he  had  been 
chosen  perpetual  Dictator,  he  was  murdered  in  the  Senate 
house,  by  those  who  had  been  his  most  intimate  friends, 
25* 


294  APPENDIX. 

CLARKSON,  a  distinguished  philanthropist,  one,  who  took  a 
leading  part  in  the  abolition  of  the  Slave  Trade,  and  of  Slavery 
in  Great  Britain;  and  a  member  of  the  society  of  Friends. 

COMPARISON.  It  is  expressing  in  form  the  resemblance  be- 
tween two  objects.  It  differs  from  a  metaphor,  in  being  pur- 
sued more  fully,  and  introduced  by  the  words,  like,  so,  or.  as. 
It  is  not  so  strong  as  a  metaphor  ;  and  therefore  not  so  much 
used  in  impassioned  speaking  and  writing.  It  is  introduced  for 
the  purpose  of  illustration,  or  ornament,  or  of  giving  force  to 
the  literal  meaning.  A  metaphor  may  be  called  an  abridged 
comparison.  It  is  used  when  a  speaker  or  writer  becomes 
animated;  and  for  the  same  purpose  as  a  comparison.  When 
it  is  said  of  a  great  minister,  "that  he  upholds  the  state,  like  a 
pillar  which  supports  the  weight  of  a  whole  edifice,"  a  com- 
parison is  used  :  But  when  it  is  said  of  him,  "  that  he  is  a  pil- 
lar of  the  state,"  a  metaphor  is  used. 

COMPASS,  an  instrument  by  which  the  cardinal  points,  viz. 
North,  South,  East  and  West,  can  always  be  determined.  It 
serves  to  direct  the  course  of  a  ship  on  the  ocean,  and  a  travel- 
ler in  the  wilderness.  Without  it,  h  would  be  dangerous  to 
venture  upon  the  pathless  waters,  or  into  the  untrodden  desert. 

DARNLEY,  a  young  Scottish  nobleman,  who  gained  the  affec- 
tions of  Mary,  after  she  returned  from  France  ;  married  her, 
and  was  declared  king.  He  soon  lost  the  favor  of  his  mistress; 
and  was  finally  murdered  in  a  most  cruel  manner.  See  Both- 
well. 

DEMOSTHENES,  a  famous  orator  of  Athens,  of  low  origin,  and 
destitute  of  all  natural  talents  for  public  speaking.  He  over- 
came all  these  impedime:  ts,  and  became  so  renowned  a  speak- 
er, that  Cicero,  his  only  rival  among  the  ancients,  called  him 
the  "Prince  of  Orators  "  He  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the 
Athenian  Government,  and  by  his  eloquence  saved  it  from  the 
power  of  its  most  bitter  enemy,  Philip  of  Macedxxn.  As  a 
soldier,  Demosthenes  was  without  courage,  and  as  a  patriot, 
he  was  not  beyond  the  influence  of  bribes.  When  Antipater 
and  Craterus,  Macedonian  generals,  being  successful  in  their 
attacks  on  Athens;  ordered  the  orator  to  be  delivered  up,  De- 
mosthenes took  a  dose  of  poison,  which  he  he  always  carried 
with  him,  and  expired  in  the  60th  year  of  his  age,  B.C.  322. — 
Athens  was  the  most  celebrated  of  all  the  Grecian  cities,  for 
its  antiquity,  its  love  of  liberty,  its  learned  men,  and  its  public 
edifices. 

ELIZABETH,  daughter  of  Henry  VIII.  and  queen  of  England, 
illustrious  for  the  length,  splendor,  and  prosperity  of  her  reigiu 
Her  treatment  of  Mary  is  a  blemish  on  her  character,  which  all 
her  virtues  cannot  remove. 

EURYSTHEUS,  a  king  of  Argos  und  Mycenae,   to  whose  will 


APPENDIX.  295 

Hercules  was  doomed  by  Jupiter,  to  be  subservient.  This 
right  Eurystheus  cruelly  exercised,  by  imposing  on  Hercules 
the  most  dangerous  enterprises,  known  by  the  name  of  his 
twelve  labors. 

FABLE,  a  writing,  in  which  thought  and  speech  are  ascribed 
to  inferior  animals  and  to  inanimate  objects. 

FAULCONBRIDGE,  a  sea-captain  who  spentpartof  his  life  in  the 
Slave  Trade  ;  but  afterwards  repented  of  his  crimes,  and  be- 
came zealously  engaged  in  the  abolition  of  this  traffic,  and  ren- 
dered great  assistance  to  Clarkson. 

FRANKLIN,  Benjamin,  born  in  Boston,  Jan.  17,  1705,  where 
he  learnt  the  trade  of  a  printer.  By  his  industry  and  frugality, 
he  soon  became  learned,  respectable  and  wealthy.  He  was  an 
ardent  friend  to  his  country  ;  and  by  his  talents  and  influence, 
exerted  both  at  home  and  in  Europe,  he  greatly  contributed 
to  the  obtaining  and  securing  of  our  independence.  As  a  philos- 
opher he  was  second  to  none.  He  discovered  electricity  to  be 
the  same  with  lightning;  and  the  use  of  lightning  rods  for  the 
security  of  buildings. 

Huss,  John,  a  zealous  reformer  from  popery,  who  lived  in 
Bohemia  towards  the  close  of  the  fourteenth  and  the  beginning 
of  the  fifteenth  centuries.  He  was  bold  and  persevering,  but 
at  length  trusting  himself  to  the  deceitful  Catholics,  he  was  b*y 
them  brought  to  trial,  condemned  as  a  heretic,  and  burnt  at 
the  stake. 

HYPERBOLE.  This  figure  of  speech  consists  in  magnifying 
an  object  beyond  its  natural  bounds.  In  all  languages,  even 
in  common  conversation,  hyperbolical  expressions  very  fre- 
quently occur ;  as  swift  as  the  wind,  as  white  as  the  snow,  and 
the  like  ;  and  the  common  forms  of  compliment  are  almost  all 
of  them  extravagant  hyperboles.  "Rolled  from  the  very  skies," 
is  a  hyperbole  :  the  meaning  in  plain  language,  is,  rolled  from 
a  great  height. 

JOHNSON,  Dr.  a  celebrated  scholar,  critic  and  moralist.  He 
was  at  the  head  of  English  Literature  during  the  last  half  of 
the  last  century ;  and  his  dictionary  and  other  numerous  writ- 
ings are  standards  in  our  language. 

LEONIDAS,  the  Spartan,  a  celebrated  king  of  Lacedaemon, 
who  at  the  head  of  300  Spartans,  opposed  Xerxes  with  his  nu- 
merous army,  at  the  pass  of  Thermopylae,  for  three  days  suc- 
cessively, nntil  the  treacherous  Ephialtes  conducted  a  detach- 
ment of  Persians  by  a  secret  path  up  the  mountains,  which 
suddenly  fell  upon  the  rear  of  the  Spartans  and  cut  them  to 
pieces.  Temples  were  raised  to  the  fallen  hero,  Leonidas, 
and  festivals  yearly  celebrated,  at  Sparta,  in  which  free-born 
youths  contended. 


S9<5  APPENDIX. 


S,  a  celebrated  Swedish  Naturalist,  who  iirst  made 
Botany  a  science  ;  and  distinguished  also  in  other  branches  of 
Natural  History.  His  example  and  his  writings,  more  than 
those  of  any  other  individual,  have  made  the  study  of  plants 
and  minerals  an  object  worthy  of  the  attention  of  the  scholar. 
Linnean,  a  word  frequently  used  in  natural  science,  is  derived 
from  his  name. 

LUTHER,  a  great  Reformer  from  popery,  at  first  a  Bene- 
dictive  monk.  He  lived  toward  the  close  of  the  fifteenth  and 
beginning  of  the  sixteenth  centuries.  To  him,  more  than  to 
any  other  man,  since  the  apostles,  is  religion  indebted  for  its 
purity  and  freedom. 

MAHOMET,  th&  most  successful  of  Impostors,  who  arose  to- 
wards the  beginning  of  the  seventh  century.  By  sagacity  and 
perseverance,  he  influenced  the  Arabians  to  embrace  his  re- 
ligion, which  is  a  mixture  of  truth  and  falsehood  :  It  acknowl- 
edges the  God  of  the  Bible,  and  Jesus  Christ  to  be  a  prophet, 
but  believes  Mahomet  to  be  superior  to  Christ:  and  promises 
to  those  who  will  be  faithful  in  defending  and  propagating  its 
doctrines,  a  heaven  of  sensual  delights.  When  Mahomet  ob- 
tained followers  enough  to  render  himself  formidable,  he  rav- 
aged, Persia,  Egypt,  Syria  and  many  other  countries  in  the 
East  :  putting  to  death  those  who  would  not  embrace  his  relig- 
ion. A  large  part  of  Asia  and  Africa  are  still  enslaved  to  his 
doctrines. 

MARATHON,  a  village  of  Attica,  ten  miles  from  Athens  fa- 
mous for  the  victory  which  10,000  Athenians  and  1,000  Platae- 
ans,  under  the  command  of  Miltiades,  gained  over  the  Persian 
army,  consisting  of  300,000,  under  the  command  of  Datis  and 
Artaphernes.  In  the  battle  according  to  Herodotus,  the  Athe- 
nians lost  only  192  men,  while  the  Persians  lost  6,300. 

MARY  of  Scotland.  She  married  the  Dauphin,  the  eldest 
son  of  the  king  of  France  :  soon  after  her  marriage,  her  hus- 
band died  ;  and  then  she  returned  to  her  native  land. 

METAPHOR.  When  a  word  is  applied  to  an  object,  to  which 
it  is  not  usually  applied,  it  is  called  a  metaphor,  or  implied  com- 
parison ;  as,  What  are  the  sorrows  of  the  young  ?  Their 
growing  minds  soon  close  above  the  wound.  See  comparison. 

MILETUS,  a  son  of  Appollo,  who  fled  from  Crete,  and  came 
to  Caria  where  he  built  a  town  which  he  called  by  his  own 
name.  He  also  founded  a  celebrated  town  of  his  own  name 
in  Asia  Minor,  which  gave  birth  to  many  distinguished  men, 
and  was  famous  for  an  oracle  of  Apollo,  and  for  its  excellent 
wool. 

MUSES,  certain  fabled  goddesses  who  presided  over  poetry, 
music,  dancing,  and  all  the  liberal  arts.  They  are  nine  in  num- 


APPENDIX.  -297 

"her,  and  called,  Clio,  Euterpe,  Thalia,  Melpomene,  Terpsi- 
chore, Erato,  Polyhymnia,  Calliope,  and  Urania.  They  were 
generally  represented  as  young,  beautiful,  and  modest  virgins, 
and  commonly  appeared  in  different  attire,  according  to  the 
differents  arts  and  sciences  over  which  they  were  supposed  to 
preside. 

NIAGARA.  The  perpendicular  descent  of  this  cataract,  is 
151  feet;  and  the  whole  descent  in  the  course  of  ten  miles,  is 
300  feet.  There  are  other  cataracts  which  have  a  greater  per- 
pendicular descent:  but  there  is  no  one  in  the  known  world 
where  so  great  a  mass  of  water  is  percipitated  from  so  great  a 
height. 

PAGAN  WORLD.  About  three  fourths  of  the  inhabitants  of 
the  globe  are  without  the  Bible ;  and  these  may  be  considered 
as  pagans.  The  population  of  the  world  is  computed  at  800,- 
000,000.  Of  these,  200,000,000  are  included  in  Christendom. 

PALMYRA,  the  capital  of  Palmyrene,  a  country  in  the  east- 
ern boundaries  of  Syria,  now  called  Tadmor.  It  is  famous 
for  being  the  seat  of  the  celebrated  Zenobia  and  Odenatus.  It 
is  now  in  ruins,  and  the  splendor  and  magnificence  of  its  por- 
ticoes, temples,  and  palaces,  excite  the  astonishment  and  rap- 
ture of  the  curious  and  learned  who  visit  it. 

PERSEPOLIS,  a  celebrated  city,  the  capital  of  the  Persian 
empire.  It  was  laid  in  ruins  by  Alexander,  after  the  conquest 
of  Darius.  Its  ruins  still  astonish  the  modern  traveller,  by 
their  grandeur 'and  magnificence. 

PERSONIFICATION.  It  is  that  figure  by  which  life  and  action 
are  attributed  to  inanimate  objects.  The  use  of  this  figure  is 
very  natural  and  extensive.  There  is  a  wonderful  propensity 
in  man,  when  excited,  to  animate  all  objects.  We  say,  tho 
ground  thirsts  for  rain ;  the  earth  smiles  with  plenty  ;  we  call 
ambition  restless;  and  a  disease  deceitful.  Impassioned  prose, 
and  almost  all  poetry,  abounds  with  this  figure.  The  Bible 
contains  many  most  beautiful  personifications  :  "  The  sea  saw 
it,  and  fled  ;  Jordan  was  driven  back :  The  mountains  skipped 
like  rams,  and  the  little  hills  like  lambs.  What  ailed  thee,  O 
thou  sea  !  that  thou  fleddest  ?  Thou  Jordan,  that  thou  wast 
driven  back  ?  Ye  mountains,  that  ye  skipped  like  rams;  and 
ye  little  hills,  like  iambs  ?  .  Tremble,  thou  earth,  at  the  pres- 
ence of  the  Lord,  at  the  presence  of  the  God  of  Jacob." 

PLYMOUTH,  the  place  where  our  fore-fathers  landed,  Dec. 
22,  16£0,  when  they  first  arrived  from  England. 

POLES,  of  the  Earth,  the  Northern  and  Southern  extrem- 
ities of  the  globe;  the  points  in  which  meridian  circles  all  cut 
each  other;  the  ends  of  an  imaginary  axis  passing  through  the 


APPENDS 

centre  of  the  earth  at  right  angles  to  the  Equator ;  and  on  which 
the  earth  may  be  supposed  to  revolve. 

PRIAM,  the  last  king  of  Troy.  He  fortified  and  embellish- 
ed the  city,  and  according  to  Homer,  was  the  father  of  19 
children,  many  of  whom  were  celebrated.  Priam  was  slain  in 
his  old  age  by  Neoptolemus,  while  fighting  against  the  Greeks 
in  the  ten  years'  war. 

PRISONERS  of  War.  In  ancient  times,  they  were  generally 
either  put  to  death,  or  made  slaves  for  life. 

PROUD  PERSIAN,  Darius,  king  of  Persia,  whose  dominions 
Alexander  invaded,  to  avenge  the  injuries  which  the  Greeks 
had  received  from  the  predecessors  of  Darius.  The  king  of 
Persia,  with  an  army  of  600,000,  met  Alexander,  and  a  battle 
was  fought  near  the  Granicus,  in  which  the  Persians  were  de- 
feated. Another  was  soon  after  fought,  near  Issus,  and  Alex- 
ander left  110,000  of  the  Persians  dead  on  the  field,  and  took 
among  the  prisoners  of  war  the  mother,  wife,  and  children  of 
Darius.  Darius  retreated  under  covert  of  night,  and  soon  as- 
sembled another  and  more  powerful  army,  and  the  last  decisive 
battle  was  fought  at  Arbela,  and  Alexander  was  completely  vic- 
torious. Darius  fled  to  Bactriana,  whose  Governor,  Bessus, 
took  away  his  life  in  hopes  of  succeeding  to  his  throne,  B.  C. 
331.  With  Darius  the  Empire  of  Persia  was  extinguished, 
228  years  after  it  had  been  first  founded  by  Cyrus  the  Great. 

SANDWICH  ISLANDS.  Idolatry,  to  which  all  the  inhabitants 
of  these  Islands  were  formerly  devoted,  is  now  entirely  abol- 
ished in  almost  every  one  of  them,  through  the  influence  of 
the  Missionaries  sent  there  a  few  years  ago  by  the  American 
Board.  In  all  other  respects  too,  great  improvements  have 
been  made  in  their  character  and  condition. 

SARDANAPALUS,  The  fortieth  and  last  king  of  Assyria,  cele- 
brated for  his  luxury  and  voluptuousness.  The  monarch  gen- 
erally appeared  in  the  midst  of  his  concubines,  disguised  in 
the  habit  of  a  female  and  spinning  wool  for  his  amusement. 
Being  overpowered  in  a  conspiracy,  he  burned  himself  with  his 
eunuchs,  concubines,  and  attendants  in  his  own  palace,  and 
his  kingdom  was  divided  among  the  conspirators. 

SENECA,  a  celebrated  moralist,  a  native  of  Cordubain  Spain  : 
He  went  to  Rome,  and  was  made  a  Roman  Knight.  After  be- 
ing banished  by  the  Emperor  Caligula  to  Corsica  and  recalled 
by  Claudius,  he  was  appointed  preceptor  to  the  young  Nero. 
During  the  reign  of  his  pupil  he  was  suspected  of  being  enga- 
ged in  a  conspiracy,  and  was  consequently  ordered  to  destroy 
himself.  Not  being  successful  in  two  or  three  attempts  which 
he  made»upon  his  own  life,  the  impatient  soldiers  smothered 
turn.  He  was  destroyed  the  65th  year  of  the  Chxistian  era,  in 


APPENDIX.  299 

the  53d  year  of  his  age.  The  morals  which  he  taught,  are  im- 
pure and  worthless,  when  compared  with  the  morals  of  the  Bi- 
ble. 

SLAVES.  At  present  there  are  about  two  millions  in  the  Uni- 
ted States.  To  hold  slaves  is  contrary  to  the  Christian  Reli- 
gion, which  commands  us  to  do  unto  others  as  we  would  have 
them  do  unto  us ;  to  the  voice  of  reason,  which  says,  that  the 
rights  and  liberties  of  all  persons  are  alike  precious  and  invi- 
olable; and  to  the  dictate  of  Nature,  which  has  made  all  men 
equal.  Portugal,  France  and  Spain,  are  the  only  countries 
which  tolerate  the  Slave-Trade. 

THEBES,  an  ancient  and  celebrated  city  of  Thebais,  in  E- 
gypt,  called  also  Hecatompylos,  on  account  of  its  hundred 
gates,  and  Diospolis,  as  being  sacred  to  Jupiter.  In  the  time 
of  its  splendor  it  extended  above  £3  miles,  and  upon  any  em- 
ergency, could  send  into  the  field,  by  each  of  its  hundred  gates. 
20,000  fighting  men.  Thebes  was  ruined  by  Cambyses,  king 
of  Persia. 

THERMOPYLAE,  small  pass  leading  from  Thessaly  into 
Locris  and  Phocis.  It  receives  its  name  from  the  hot  baths 
in  its  neighborhood.  It  is  celebrated  for  a  battle  which  was 
fought  there,  B.  C.  480,  on  the  7th  of  August  between  Xerxes 
and  the  Greeks,  in  which  Leonidus  at  the  head  of  300  Spartans 
resisted  for  three  successive  days  the  attacks  of  the  most  brave 
and  courageous  of  the  Persian  army,  which,  according  to  some 
historians,  amounted  to  five  millions,  The  300  Spartans  were 
all  slain  before  the  army  of  Xerxes  could  advance. 

TIDES.  The  ebbing  and  flowing  of  the  Tides  are  occasion- 
ed by  the  attraction  of  the  moon  and  sun.  The  waters  being 
in  loose  particles,  and  the  land  firm  ;  the  water  rises  in  that 
part  of  the  earth  which  is  towards  the  moon.  When  the  sun 
and  moon  are  in  one  direction,  the  tides  in  those  parts  of  the 
earth  towards  them,  are  then  the  highest.  As  the  land  is  one 
solid  mass,  it  is  all  aflected  in  the  same  degree ;  while  the 
waters  being  separated,  are  affected  more  than  the  land,  and  in 
two  directions.  The  waters  exposed  to  the  moon  are  raised, 
and  the  waters  opposite,  being  less  attracted  than  the  land  op- 
posite, are  also  raised,  being  not  so  much  moved  as  the  land; 
and  the  waters  between  these  extremes  are,  of  course,  lowered  ; 
so  that  we  have  the  reason  for  the  ebbing  and  flowing  of  the 
tides,  twice,  at  one  revolution  of  the  moon. 

TROY,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Troas,  its  situation  not  clearly 
known.  It  has  been  made  famous  by  the  poems  of  Homer 
and  Virgil,  in  their  description,  of  the  ten  years'  war  carried 
on  between  the  Trojans  and  Grecians.  Paris,  the  son  Pri- 
um?  while  on  a  visit  to  Menelaus,  a  Grecian  jPrince,  was  so 


300  APPENDIX. 

Cunning  as  to  steal  his  wife,  Helen,  and  carry  her  away  to  Troy. 
This  was  the  cause  of  the  ten  years'  war  in  which  the  Grecians 
were  finally  successful  in  taking  and  destroying  the  city. 

TWILIGHT.  When  the  sun  goeth  beneath  the  horizon,  his 
rays,  by  the  earth  and  the  medium  around,  are  attracted  towards 
the  earth  ;  so  that  the  light  is  enjoyed  for  some  time  after  sun- 
set. The  same  also  takes  place  before  sunrise.  And  this  con- 
stitutes twilight. 

VOLCANO.  The  most  celebrated  Volcano,  or  burning  moun- 
tain, is  Etna,  near  the  eastern  coast  of  the  Island  of  Sicily  in 
the  Mediterranean.  Its  height  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  is 
10,963  feet,  and  may  be  distinctly  seen  in  a  clear  day  at  the 
distance  of  150  miles.  This  volcano  was  famous  with  the 
Ancients,  and  was  the  cause  of  many  fabulous  stories  respec- 
ting their  Divinities. 

WEST  INDIES.  These  Islands,  lying  in  the  Caribbean  sea, 
between  North  and  South  America,  are  called  the  West  Indies. 
in  distinction  from  the  countries  in  the  East  called  the  East 
Indies,  which  comprise  the  southern  part  of  Asia. 

WILBKRFORCE,  a  man  who  distinguished  himself  in  the  Brit- 
ish parliament,  by  advocating  fora  number  of  years,  and  final- 
ly causing  it  to  be  passed,  the  motion  for  the  abolition  of  the 
Slave  Trade  in  Great  Britain. 


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